Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (Mart. ex Choisy) D.F. Austin

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

84b. Ipomoea carnea subsp. fistulosa (Mart. ex Choisy) D.F. Austin , Taxon 26: 337. 1977. (Austin 1977: 237)

Ipomoea fistulosa Mart. ex Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 349. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 349). Type. BRAZIL. C. F. Martius 2398 (lectotype M0184890, designated by D.F. Austin 1977: 237).

Convolvulus batatilla Kunth , Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. 3: 106. 1818 [pub.1819]. (Kunth 1819: 106). Type. VENEZUELA. Valles de Aragua, Caracas, Cumaná, Humboldt & Bonpland 723 (holotype P00670761).

Ipomoea batatilla (Kunth) G. Don , Gen. Syst. 4: 275. 1838. (Don 1838: 275).

Batatas crassicaulis Benth. , Voy. Sulphur 5: 134.1845. (Bentham 1845: 134). Type. ECUADOR. Guayaquil, Sinclair (holotype K000612883, isotypes BM)

Ipomoea crassicaulis (Benth.) B.L. Rob. , Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. 51: 530. 1916. (Robinson 1916: 530).

Ipomoea fruticosa Kuntze , Rev. Gen. 2: 444. 1891. (Kuntze 1891: 444). Type. BRAZIL. R. Spruce 6499 (lectotype K000395032, designated by Austin (1977: 237, isolectotypes K, MPU).

Ipomoea tragulifera Miers , Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc.4: 160. 1864. (Miers 1864: 160). Type. COLOMBIA. Río Magdalena, Weir 20 (holotype BM000953166).

Ipomoea gossypioides D. Parodi , Contr. Fl. Parag. 15. 1877. (Parodi 1877: 15). Type. "Paraguay et Corrientes [Argentina] in humidis et uliginosis frequentissimma", no specimen cited or found.

Ipomoea texana Coult., Contrib. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1(2): 45. 1890. (Coulter 1890: 45). Type. UNITED STATES. Texas, G.C. Neally s.n. (holotype US00147753, isotypes GH, K, US).

Ipomoea fistulosa var. nicaraguensis Donn. Sm. , Bot. Gaz. 19 (7) 256. 1894. (Donnell Smith 1894: 256). Type. NICARAGUA. Rivas, Río de Las Lajas, W.C. Shannon 5046 (holotype US246468).

Ipomoea nicaraguensis (Donn. Sm.) House , Bot. Gaz. 43 (6): 409. 1907. (House 1907b: 409). Type. Based on Ipomoea fistulosa var. nicaraguensis Donn. Sm.

Ipomoea fistulosa forma albiflora Chodat & Hassl., Bull. Herb. Boiss., ser. 2, 5: 687. 1905. (Chodat and Hassler 1905: 687). Type. PARAGUAY. [Cordillera], Tobatí, E. Hassler 6180 (?G, n.v.).

Ipomoea crassicaulis var. goodellii Degener, Fl. Hawaii. sine pag. 1936. (Degener 1932-1940). Type. HAWAII. No specimen cited.

Type.

Based on Ipomoea fistulosa Mart. ex Choisy

Diagnosis. This subspecies is characterised by its erect habit and elongate, long-acuminate leaves.

Illustration.

Figure 52B; O 'Donell (1959b: 159); Austin (1998: 400); Deroin (2001: 195) as Ipomoea fistulosa .

Distribution.

Probably native in swamp and flooded pampas in eastern Bolivia, northern Argentina (Formosa, Corrientes), Eastern Paraguay and southern Brazil in the Pantanal and Rio Paraguay-Parana systems but also possibly so in seasonally dry swampy areas elsewhere. It is apparently rare or absent in the Amazon forest region, not being recorded from Pando in Bolivia or Rôndonia in Brazil and with few records from Brazilian Amazonas. It is also widely cultivated as an ornamental in gardens up to at least 1000 m and it is not always easy to decide whether a population is spontaneous or planted. It seems that all collections from the Caribbean, the United States and probably Mexico are cultivated or recently naturalised plants.

ARGENTINA. Corrientes: A. Schinini 13248 (CTES, MO). Formosa: L. Morel 1730 (LIL, RB); R.H. Fortunato et al. 6083 (MO).

PARAGUAY. Alto Paraguay: Puerto Casado, F. Mereles & R. Degen 6150 (CTES, FCQ, MO). Boqueron: Mariscal Estigarribia, Escuela Agricola, B. Garcete 15 (FCQ). Central: B. Balansa 1077 (P); Limpio, E. Zardini 2678 (FCQ, MO). Cordillera: E. Zardini 22224 (MO). Guairá: Colonia 14 de Mayo, F. Mereles et al. 10016 (FCQ). Pres. Hayes: Riacho Heê, J. de Egea et al. 783 (BM, FCQ). Ñeembucú: Est. San Antonio, J. de Egea et al. 367 (BM, FCQ). Pres. Hayes: Est. Loma Porá, W. of Puente Concepción, F. Mereles & R. Degen 6015 (FCQ, MO).

BRAZIL. Acre: J.U. Santos 66 (RB). Amapá: D.F. Austin 6969 (MO). Amazonas: P.J. & H. Maas 522 (MO). Bahia: R.M. Harley et al. 16278 (K, MO, NY). Ceará: A. Löfgren 707 (S). Maranhão: N.A. Rosa 2510 (NY); B.A. Krukoff 2028 (NY, S). Mato Grosso: S. Moore 908 (BM); Transpantaneira highway, G. Prance 26158 (NY). Mato Grosso do Sul: G. Hatschbach 29552 (MBM, NY, S); E.P. Heringer 860 (NY). Pará: Santarém, R. Spruce s.n. [3/1850] (BM); A. Ducke s.n. (RB). Paraíba: M.F. Agra 661 (RB). Paraná: M.G. Caxambú 221 (MBM). Pernambuco: L.P. Féliz 5661 (RB). Piauí: B.M.T. Walter 6678 (CEN, RB). Rio de Janeiro: A.M. Miranda 3728 (RB). Rio Grande do Norte: A.M. Marinho 65 (RB). Santa Catarina: L.A. Funez 3642 (FURB). São Paulo: J.M. Camargo 2510 (RB). Throughout Brazil except Rondônia fide Flora do Brasil (2020).

FRENCH GUIANA. D.W. Roubik (MO).

SURINAM. No record or specimen seen.

GUYANA. Fide Austin and Huáman (1996: 6).

BOLIVIA. Beni: Cercado, N. & M. Ritter 3335 (BOLV, MO); Mamoré, M. Moraes et al. 1523 (LPB, USZ). Santa Cruz: Germán Busch, M. Toledo et al. 591 (USZ). Velasco, J.R.I. Wood & B. Williams 27736 (OXF, LPB, USZ). N. Ritter & P.F. Foster 2391 (MO, USZ); Warnes, M. Nee 45170 (LPB, MO, NY, USZ).

PERU. Amazonas: P.J. Barbour 4226 (MO). Cusco: P. Nuñez & S. Walsh 6321 (CUZ, MO, USM). Ica: J. Roque 100 (USM). Lima: Canta, G. Vilcapoma 7777 (USM). Loreto: M. Rimachi 8593 (MO)

ECUADOR. Fagerlind & Wibom 159 (S). Guayas: Colimes-Balzar, C. Bonifaz 678 (GUAY). Loja: J. Jaramillo & V. Winnerskjold 5826 (GB).

COLOMBIA. Chocó: E. Ferrero & R. Jaramillo 2485 (MO). Magdalena: C. Allen 51 (MO). Tolima: L. Aguirre 203 (COL, RB). Valle: L.E. Forero & N. Hernández 1613 (MO).

VENEZUELA. Apure: G. Davidse & A.C. González 14800 (MO). Bolívar: J. Velazco 71. Guárico: R. Rondeau 160 (MO). Miranda: K.R. Robertson & D.F. Austin 149 (MO).

PANAMA. B.L. Seeman 177 (BM); W.H. Lewis et al. 296 (MO).

COSTA RICA. D. Hernández & R. Chacón 9025 (K).

NICARAGUA. W.D. Stevens 9421 (BM, MO), 22900 (BM, MO); A.A. Beetle 26253 (K, UC).

EL SALVADOR. J.M. Tucker 922 (K, UC).

HONDURAS. Fide Nelson and Proctor (1994).

BELIZE. E.G.F. Campbell 87 (K).

GUATEMALA. H. Pittier 355 (BM).

MEXICO. Campeche: B. Faust & P. Ucan 0522 (CICY, MO). Chiapas: Espinosa 153 (MO). Guerrero: E. Palmer 431 (BM, K). Guanajuato: E. Carranza & R.M. Garcia 5330 (IEB). Michoacán: G.B. Hinton et al. 12514 (K). Nuevo León: J.A. Villarreal 9191 (IEB). Oaxaca: M. Elorsa 2804 (IEB). Querétaro: E. Pérez 4356 (IEB). Quintana Roo: E.F. & H. Cabrera 6847 (MEXU, MO). Sonora: fide Felger et al. (2012). Tabasco: J.N. Rovirosa 226 (K). Tamaulipas: E. Palmer 222 (BM, K). Veracruz: F. Chiang 419 (K, MEXU, MO). Yucatán: J.S. Flores 08146 (MO).

UNITED STATES. Florida: fide Wunderlin and Hansen (2011: 391). Texas: type of Ipomoea texana .

CUBA. R.A. Howard 4841 (A, BM, S); E.L. Ekman 445 (S); C.F. Baker 14 (K, MO).

JAMAICA. G.R. Proctor 25573 (BM); L. Wynter 2192 (K).

HAITI. E.L. Ekman H9151 (S)

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. H.F.A. von Eggers 1839 (BM, K); H. von Türckheim 2544 (BM, K); E.J. Valeur 467 (K, MO)

PUERTO RICO. J.S. Miller & C.D. Sherman 6602 (MO).

LESSER ANTILLES: British Virgin Islands: Anegada, M.A. Hamilton 126 (K). Dominica: C. Whitefoord 5821 (BM).).

TRINIDAD. W.E. Broadway s.n. [24/11/1932] (BM, MO). Tobago: W.E. Broadway 2450 (K).

NETHERLANDS ANTILLES. Curaçao: fide Proosdij (2012).

HAWAII. Type of Ipomoea crassicaulis var. goodellii .

Note.

Immediately recognised by the tall erect habit combined with the cordate, acuminate leaves. The tomentellous sepals are unexpectedly small.

• Species 85-93. These nine species form a clade in both the nuclear and chloroplast sequences. They are very heterogenous morphologically and it is difficult to see any common character.

Figures

Figure 52. Photographs of Ipomoea species. A I. calyptrata B I. carnea subsp. fistulosa C I. brasiliana var. subincana D I. pauciflora E I. juliagutierreziae. A Beth Williams; B, C E John Wood; D Dick Culbert.