Zygoneura (Zygoneura) sciarina Meigen, 1830

Shah, Bismillah, Shao, Yisa, Du, Hong, Wang, Yang & Huang, Junhao, 2024, Taxonomy and DNA barcoding of the dark-winged fungus gnat genus Zygoneura Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae) from China, with revision of the type materials, Zootaxa 5496 (3), pp. 377-400 : 396-397

Zygoneura (Zygoneura) sciarina Meigen, 1830

( Figs 16A–E )

Zygoneura sciarina Meigen, 1830 [ Meigen (1830): 305; Enderlein (1911): 191; Lengersdorf (1928 –30): 66; Frey (1948): 69, 86; Tuomikoski (1960): 156; Mamaev (1976): 138; Freeman (1983): 22; Mamaev (1985): 29; Gerbachevskaya-Pavluchenko (1986): 56; Gerbachevskaya (1988): 538; Menzel & Mohrig (1997): 62; Yagi & Sawada (2000): 36].

Zygoneura (Zygoneura) sciarina Meigen [ Menzel & Mohrig (2000): 582; Menzel et al. (2006): 143; Zhang et al. (2010): 41 , 47; Shin et al. (2014): 562; Huang et al. (2020): 361].

Material examined. 1♂, China, Heilongjiang Province, Yichun, Wuying, Fenglin nature reserve , 68 xiaoban, 48°05’ N, 119°19’ E, 24.VII.2008, leg. Yi-ping Wang [ SM00190 ] ; 1♂, China, Heilongjiang Province, Mt. Maoer nature reserve , 48°15’ N, 128°13’ E, 26.VII.2008, leg. Su-Jiong Zhang [ SM00157 ] ; 1♂, China, Zhejiang Province, Anji, Mt. Longwang , 30°12’10.80’’ N, 119°15’50.4’’ E, 1117 m a.s.l., malaise trap, 19.XI.2018, leg. Caixia Liu [ LW-QMT365 ] ; China, Zhejiang Province, Lin’an, Mt. Tianmu , 30°12’10.80’’ N, 119°15’50.4’’ E, 1117 m a.s.l., malaise trap, leg. Zuluan Chen : 1♂, 29.VII.2018 [TMM-363]; 1♂, 28. VI .2018 [TMM-1082]; 1♀, 29.X.2018 [ TMM-F2 ] ; 1♂, China, Xizang Autonomous Region, Linzhi, Mafenggou , 29°34'30'' N, 94°29'5.99'' E, collector unknown, 3. VI .1978 [ ZAFUBS002 ] .

Remarks. Zhang et al. (2010) reported this species for the first time in China. Z. (Zygoneura) sciarina can easily be differentiated from other species of the subgenus Zygoneura by the three megasetae on the gonostylus, one arising from the apical fourth and the other two from apical third ( Fig. 16D ).

On BOLD Systems there are currently four different BINs allied to Z. sciarina , with a genetic distance of nearly 2.09–3.38% between each other. The specimen from Europe belongs to BOLD: ACC1760 with a nearest neighbour distance of 2.09%. The specimen from China corresponds with the Korean and Canadian species and is represented by BOLD: ACD6259 with a nearest neighbor distance of 3.38%. These materials are morphologically identical to the European ones (based only on figures observed in the available literature) but resulted genetically different. There are currently two more BINs of Z. sciarina on BOLD: ACR0792, and ACO3525, with nearest neighbor distances of 2.56%, and 3.37% respectively. Zygoneura sciarina may, therefore, be regarded as a species complex and needs to be studied in detail. For the moment, we still regard this genetic difference as intraspecific variability and do not propose any new species but continue to follow the previously published literature. At present, the phylogenetic analyses based on a single mitochondrial COI gene did not support the species identification of Z. sciarina worldwide, which needs to be revised based on multiple genes of mitochondria and genome and combined with morphological and ecological evidence in future studies.

Distribution. China: Heilongjiang ( Zhang et al. 2010), Xizang, Zhejiang (this study), Canada (BOLD Systems), Korea (North and South), Kazakhstan, Russia (European part, Far East), and Europe ( Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Denmark, Germany, Great Britain, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, Sweden, Ukraine) ( Shin et al. 2014).

Figures

FIGURE 16. Zygoneura (Zygoneura) sciarina Meigen. A: head, frontal view; B: fourth antennal flagellomere; C: apex of foretibia, prolateral view; D: hypopygium, ventral view; E: wing, dorsal view.