Xynobius Foerster, 1863

Wu, Qiong, Achterberg, Cornelis van, Sheng, Ying-yi & Chen, Xue-xin, 2018, A new genus from Vietnam (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Opiinae), and the description of two new species, Journal of Hymenoptera Research 66, pp. 1-13 : 1

Genus Xynobius Foerster, 1863

Figs 12-14 , 15-23

Xynobius Foerster, 1863: 235; Li et al. 2013: 171. Type species (by original designation): Xynobius pallipes Foerster, 1863 (= Opius caelatus Haliday, 1837) [examined].

Aclisis Foerster, 1863: 267; Fischer 1972: 68 (as synonym of Opius Wesmael, 1835); van Achterberg 2004a: 315 (as synonym of Xynobius Foerster, 1863). Type species (by original designation): Aclisis isomera Foerster, 1863 (= Opius caelatus Haliday, 1837) [examined].

Holconotus Foerster, 1863: 259 (not Schmidt-Göbel, 1846); Fischer 1972: 67, 102; van Achterberg 2004a: 315 (as synonym of Xynobius Foerster, 1863). Type species (by original designation): Opius comatus Wesmael, 1835) [examined].

Aulonotus Ashmead, 1900: 368 (new name for Holconotus Foerster, 1863); Fischer 1972: 68, 102 (as subgenus of Opius Wesmael, 1835); van Achterberg 2004a: 315 (as synonym of Xynobius Foerster, 1863). Type species (by original designation): Opius comatus Wesmael, 1835) [examined].

Eristernaulax Viereck, 1913: 362; Fischer 1972: 68 (as synonym of Opius Wesmael, 1835, 102 (as synonym of subgenus Aulonotus Ashmead, 1900); van Achterberg 2004a: 315 (as synonym of Xynobius Foerster, 1863). Type species (by original designation): Eristernaulax leucotaenia Viereck, 1914) [examined].

Stigmatopoea Fischer, 1986: 610, 611 (as subgenus of Opius Wesmael, 1835), 1998: 25 (key to species); Wharton 1988: 356; 2006: 338 (as subgenus of Eurytenes Foerster, 1863; possible paraphyly in Xynobius ); van Achterberg 2004a: 315 (as synonym of Xynobius Foerster, 1863). Type species (by original designation): Opius macrocerus Thomson, 1895 [examined].

Xynobiotenes Fischer, 1998: 23 (as subgenus of Eurytenes Foerster, 1863); Li et al. 2013: 171 (as synonym of Xynobius Foerster, 1863). Type species (by original designation): Opius scutellatus Fischer, 1962 [examined].

Diagnosis

(modified after Li et al. 2013). Hypoclypeal depression present, often large, and medially ventral margin of clypeus above upper level of condyli of mandibles ("subcyclostome condition") or near it (Fig. 20 ), rarely hypoclypeal depression nearly absent; occipital carina widely to narrowly interrupted dorsally or nearly contiguous (Fig. 18 ); mandible simple basally, at most with a narrow ventral carina (Fig. 20 ); notauli variable; medio-posterior depression of mesoscutum present (Fig. 14 ); precoxal sulcus present, smooth or crenulate, no indication of sternaulus; vein m-cu of fore wing usually (sub)parallel to vein 1-M (Fig. 12 ); vein r more or less angled with vein 3-SR of fore wing and distinctly shorter than vein 2-SR (Fig. 15 ); vein 3-SR distinctly longer than vein 2-SR; pterostigma long and narrow and more or less widened towards its apex, elliptical or triangular (Fig. 15 ); dorsope present, often bordered by lamelliform carinae (Fig. 19 ); second metasomal tergite striate or smooth; hypopygium of ♀ at most slightly incised.

Biology.

Koinobiont endoparasitoids of leaf miners of Anthomyiidae , Tephritidae and Scathophagidae ( Yu et al. 2016).

Notes.

Wharton (1988) treated Xynobius as a synonym of the genus Opius Wesmael, 1837, but it has a distinct dorsope and according to the limited available molecular data ( Li et al. 2013) it is not closely related to Opius s.s. as treated by Li et al. (2013). Part of it (the subgenus Stigmatopoea Fischer, 1986) has been included by Fischer (1998) and Weng and Chen (2005) in the genus Eurytenes Foerster, 1863, but it seems to fit better in Xynobius ( van Achterberg 2004a; Li et al. 2013). Wharton (2006) and Walker and Wharton (2011) placed Xynobius as a subgenus of Eurytenes , but we prefer to keep them separated till more is known about their relationships.

Figures

Figures 12 - 14. Xynobius chrysops sp. n., ♀, holotype. 12 habitus, lateral aspect 13 scutellum and posterior half of mesoscutum, dorsal aspect 14 metanotum and propodeum, dorsal aspect.

Figures 15 - 23. Xynobius chrysops sp. n., ♀, holotype. 15 fore wing 16 hind wing 17 mesosoma, lateral aspect 18 head and mesosoma, dorsal aspect 19 propodeum and first-third metasomal tergites, dorsal aspect 20 head, anterior aspect 21 head, dorsal aspect 22 antenna 23 hind leg, lateral aspect.