Pristiphora appendiculata (Hartig, 1837)

Prous, Marko, Vikberg, Veli, Liston, Andrew & Kramp, Katja, 2016, North-Western Palaearctic species of the Pristiphora ruficornis group (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), Journal of Hymenoptera Research 51, pp. 1-54 : 15-19

Pristiphora appendiculata (Hartig, 1837)

Pristiphora pallipes Serville, 1823: 75. Secondary homonym of Tenthredo pallipes Fallén, 1808 [= Pristiphora (Lygaeotus) carinata (Hartig, 1837)]. Lectotype ♀ (designated by Lacourt 2000) in MNHN, not examined. Type locality: Paris, France.

Pristiphora pallipes Lepeletier, 1823: 60. Primary homonym of Pristiphora pallipes Serville, 1823 [= Pristiphora (Pristiphora) appendiculata (Hartig, 1837)]. Lectotype ♀ (designated by Lacourt 2000) in MNHN, not examined. Type locality: Paris, France.

Tenthredo (Nematus) pallicornis T.W. Harris, 1835: 583. Type(s) not available. Nomen nudum.

Tenthredo (Nematus) labrata T.W. Harris, 1835: 583. Type(s) not available. Nomen nudum.

Nematus flavipes Dahlbom, 1835a: 25-26. Nomen oblitum. Holotype ♀ in MZLU, examined. Type locality: Lund, Sweden.

Nematus appendiculatus Hartig, 1837: 202-203. Nomen protectum. See Blank et al. (2009). Lectotype ♀ (GBIF-GISHym3197; here designated) in ZSM, examined. Type locality: Germany according to the title of the publication.

Nematus fuscicornis Hartig, 1837: 225. No syntypes were found in ZSM. Type locality: Harz, Germany.

Nematus enervis Herrich-Schäffer, 1840: 176. Replacement name for Pristiphora pallipes Lepeletier, 1823.

Nematus cathoraticus Förster, 1854: 325-326. Lectotype ♀ (GBIF-GISHym3214; here designated) in ZSM, examined. Type locality: Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

Nematus pallicornis Norton, 1861: 160. 3 ♀ syntypes in MCZ (http://140.247.119.225/mcz/Species_record.php?id=22468), although 4 specimens were mentioned in the original description, not examined. Type locality: Massachusetts, USA.

Nematus pallicornis var. labratus Norton, 1861: 160. Holotype ♀ possibly in ANSP or MHNG, not examined. Type locality: Massachusetts, USA. Note. Nematus labratus Norton, 1861 and Nematus pallicornis var. labratus Norton, 1862 ( Norton 1861) were wrongly both listed as available names by Taeger et al. (2010). They refer to the same nominal taxon, described together with N. pallicornis in a single text section by Norton (1861). In the headline to this section, Norton mentions the manuscript names N. pallicornis and N. labratus (nomina nuda) used by Harris (1835). At the end of his description, Norton wrote "A variety named Nematus labratus , by Dr. Harris [...]". The name Nematus labratus was therefore originally published as a variety.

Pristiphora grossulariae Walsh, 1866: 123. Neotype ♀ (selected by Zinovjev and Smith 2000) in ANSP, not examined. Type locality: possibly (if the neotype belongs to syntype series) Davenport, Iowa, USA.

Nematus Peletieri [sic!] André, 1880: 111. Name for Pristiphora pallipes Lepeletier, 1823.

Nematus hypobalius Zaddach in Brischke, 1884: 154. Holotype ♀ possibly destroyed ( Blank and Taeger 1998). Type locality: Hungary.

Nematus pumilus Zaddach in Brischke, 1884: 172. 2 ♂ syntypes possibly destroyed ( Blank and Taeger 1998). Type locality: Chernyakhovsk [Insterburg], Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia.

Nematus Ghilianii [sic!] Costa, 1894: 73. Syntype(s) ♂ possibly in MZUN, not examined. Type locality: Alps [Alpi boreali], Europe.

Similar species.

Smooth mesopostnotum (Fig. 7 ) and claws without subapical tooth (Fig. 30 ) allow unambiguous distinction of this species from other European species of the Pristiphora ruficornis group. A specimen from China (DEI-GISHym17879) that can be identified as P. ribisi Togashi, 1990 (described from Japan), is externally not distinguishable from P. appendiculata , but has a distinctly different saw (Fig. 39 ) by having well developed ctenidia and serrulae with numerous denticles on the ventro-apical surface (ctenidia are practically absent and serrulae are almost without denticles on the ventro-apical surface in P. appendiculata ; Figs 37-38 ).

Genetic data.

Based on COI barcode sequences, specimens of this species are divided between two BIN clusters (BOLD:AAG7866 and BOLD:AAU8684). Minimum distance between the clusters is 3.26%. However, one of the BINs might represent a cluster of nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (NUMTs). The COI sequence (1078 bp) we obtained from the specimen DEI-GISHym21073 was different (belonging to BOLD:AAG7866) from the one present in BOLD (BASYM3303-14, 652 bp; belonging to BOLD:AAU8684) (Fig. 1 ). Our use of different primers (see Material and methods) from those used by the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding might explain the result. Because the sequences under BOLD:AAU8684 (all 8 sequences in BOLD are identical) have an unusual 6-nucleotide deletion and this BIN forms a distinctly longer branch (which means more mutations) in the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 1) than other sequences in the Pristiphora appendiculata subgroup, it might represent the NUMT cluster rather than BOLD:AAG7866. Alternatively, specimen DEI-GISHym21073 might be heteroplasmic for mitochondrial DNA (different mitochondria co-existing in the same cell or individual). Because sequences from both of these BINs can apparently be present in the same individual, these BINs seem to form a monophyletic group (Fig. 1 ), and because there appear to be no morphological characters that distinguish these BIN clusters, we treat them as one species. Closest to these BIN clusters is a specimen from China that we identified as P. ribisi (Fig. 1 ). Amplification of nuclear TPI sequences was unfortunately unsuccessful.

Host plants.

Ribes spp. Ribes alpinum L. ( Kangas 1985, as P. rufipes ), R. rubrum L. ( Adam 1973, as P. pallipes ), R. uva-crispa L. emend. Lam. ( Adam 1973; Kangas 1985), R. aureum Pursh ( Adam 1973), R. sanguineum Pursh ( Adam 1973), R. nigrum L. ( Adam 1973), R. spicatum Robs. ( Kontuniemi 1975, as P. pallipes ).

Distribution and material examined.

Palaearctic, Nearctic. Specimens studied are from Austria, Canada, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Russia, and Sweden.

Figures

Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree of Pristiphora ruficornis group based on cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences (1078 bp). Specimens that had at least the full barcode sequence (658 bp) were included in the analysis. Branches with multiple specimen identification labels represent identical sequences, only one of which was used in the analysis. Numbers on the nodes show approximate likelihood-ratio test (aLRT) support values and bootstrap proportions (%, BP). Support values for weakly supported branches (aLRT <0.9 and / or BP <70) are not shown. The inset shows the tree with outgroup species. The scale bar shows the number of estimated substitutions per nucleotide position. An asterisk (*) indicates the specimens that we have not studied. AUT, Austria; CAN, Canada; CHN, China; DEU, Germany; ESP, Spain; EST, Estonia; FIN, Finland; FRA, France; GBR, United Kingdom; ITA, Italy; MAR, Morocco; NOR, Norway; PRT, Portugal; SWE, Sweden; USA, United States of America. NUMTs?, possible nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes.

Figures 3 - 17. 3 Pristiphora bifida DEI-GISHym 31507, sawsheath with large scopa (arrows) in dorsal view 4 P. appendiculata DEI-GISHym 80025, sawsheath with large scopa (arrows) in apical view 5 P. albitibia DEI-GISHym 31514, head in dorsal view showing short postocellar area (lines and arrows) 6 P. geniculata DEI-GISHym 20961, head in dorsal view showing long postocellar area (lines and arrows) 7 P. appendiculata DEI-GISHym 31500, smooth mesopostnotum (arrow) 8 P. albitibia DEI-GISHym 31516, matt mesopostnotum (arrow) 9 P. ruficornis DEI-GISHym 31185, dorsal view 10 P. subopaca DEI-GISHym 20899, dorsal view 11 P. ruficornis DEI-GISHym 31185, lateral view 12 P. subopaca DEI-GISHym 20899, lateral view 13 P. beaumonti DEI-GISHym 20766, lateral view 14 P. melanocarpa DEI-GISHym 21031, abdomen in lateral view 15 P. luteipes DEI-GISHym 18872, abdomen in lateral view 16 P. armata DEI-GISHym 11092, tergum 8 in dorsal view with apical projection (arrow) 17 P. subopaca DEI-GISHym 31560, tergum 8 in dorsal view without apical projection.

Figures 18 - 36. 18 P. albitibia DEI-GISHym 31514, thorax in lateral view 19 P. luteipes DEI-GISHym 80038, thorax in lateral view 20 P. astragali holotype, thorax in lateral view 21 P. leucopus DEI-GISHym 31556, lateral 22 P. leucopus DEI-GISHym 4989, lateral 23 P. luteipes DEI-GISHym 80038, lateral 24 P. luteipes DEI-GISHym 80038, flagellum 25 P. ruficornis DEI-GISHym 31185, flagellum 26 P. armata DEI-GISHym 11092 27 P. subopaca holotype, pterostigma (arrow) 28 P. opaca holotype, pterostigma (arrow) 29 P. ruficornis DEI-GISHym 31185, pterostigma (arrow) 30 P. appendiculata DEI-GISHym 31500, claw 31 P. opaca holotype, claw 32 P. subopaca holotype, claw 33 P. armata DEI-GISHym 11554, claw 34 P. bifida DEI-GISHym 31507, claw 35 P. frigida NHRS-HEVA 000005006, flagellum with barely visible stout black setae (arrows) 36 P. pusilla DEI-GISHym 80050, flagellum with clearly visible stout black setae.

Figures 37 - 40. Lancets of Pristiphora appendiculata subgroup and P. rufipes. 37 P. appendiculata DEI-GISHym 17852 38 P. appendiculata DEI-GISHym 21073 39 P. ribisi DEI-GISHym 17879 40 P. rufipes DEI-GISHym 31537.