Ecpyrrhorrhoe minnehaha (Pryer, 1877) Xiang & Chen & Chen & Duan & Zhang, 2022

Xiang, Lanbin, Chen, Kai, Chen, Xiaohua, Duan, Yongjiang & Zhang, Dandan, 2022, A revision of the genus Ecpyrrhorrhoe Huebner, 1825 from China based on morphology and molecular data, with descriptions of five new species (Lepidoptera, Crambidae, Pyraustinae), ZooKeys 1090, pp. 1-44 : 1

Ecpyrrhorrhoe minnehaha (Pryer, 1877) comb. nov.

Figs 6 , 7 , 24 , 39

Pyrausta minnehaha Pryer, 1877: 234.

Leucocraspeda auratalis Warren, 1895: 472. Syn. nov.

Pionea auratalis ab. obscura Caradja, 1935: 41.

Pionea schenklingi Strand, 1918: 79. Syn. nov.

Diagnosis.

This species can be differentiated from other species of the genus by its smaller forewing length (8.0-10.0 mm) and the yellow or rosy-red forewing usually bearing strongly contrasting spots and relatively smooth and slender lines (Figs 6 , 7 ). In the male genitalia (Fig. 24 ), E. minnehaha is somewhat similar to E. fimbriata , but can be distinguished by the much more rounded ventral margin of valva, excurved sella densely bearing thick setae, pointed arms of juxta without tooth, and presence of a group of spines on the anellus. The female genitalia (Fig. 39 ) can be distinguished from congeners by the short cup-shaped antrum densely covered with minute spines.

Redescription

(Figs 6 , 7 ). Head. Frons yellow or yellowish brown with white lateral bands. Vertex pale yellow. Labial palpus yellow or yellowish brown, contrastingly white at base ventrally. Maxillary palpus yellow or yellowish brown, pale yellow terminally. Thorax. Dorsal side yellow or yellowish brown, ventral side white. Wings. Forewing length: 8.0-10.0 mm. Forewing yellowish brown, or rosy-red with posterior area straw yellow, markings blackish brown; antemedial line slightly arched from 1/4 of costa to 1/3 of posterior margin; orbicular stigma very small, dot-shaped, sometimes indistinct in rosy-red individuals; reniform stigma comma-shaped, nearly straight or weakly concave; postmedial line from 3/4 of costa to middle of CuA1, bending to 1/3 of CuA2, then weakly curved to 2/3 of posterior margin; without distinct fuzzy patch posterolateral of cell indistinct; terminal line brown to dark brown; fringe with basal half brown to dark brown, distal half silver-white. Hindwing yellowish brown, with basal and subterminal area scattered with blackish brown scales, posterior area pale yellow; postmedial line from 2/3 of costa to 1/2 of CuA1, bending inward to 1/3 of CuA2, then weakly convex to 2/3 of posterior margin; the fuzzy patch posterolateral of cell blackish brown; terminal line and fringe as in forewing. Abdomen. Pale yellow dorsally, white ventrally.

Male genitalia

(Fig. 24 ). Uncus with basal 1/3 nearly triangular and naked. Valva with costa slightly concave and ventral margin curved, with apex rounded; sella excurved, thumb-shaped, densely bearing thick setae; sacculus with distal 3/5 inflated into a broad and nearly triangular protrusion. Juxta with base wide, distal half bifid into slender, straight, and widely separated arms; anellus with a cluster of short spines (attached to distal end of phallus in Fig. 24 ). Saccus rounded triangular. Phallus long and moderately thick; cornuti presented as a bunch of spines, with a large spine distally and connected with a lanceolate sclerite at base.

Female genitalia

(Fig. 39 ). Anterior apophysis ~ 2 × length of posterior apophysis. Antrum cup-shaped, short and broad, strongly sclerotized, inner wall densely covered with minute spines; colliculum long, with two longitudinal ridges; ductus seminalis inserting to anterior end of colliculum and with a wide sclerite located opposite to colliculum; ductus bursae ~ 2 × as long as length of corpus bursae, basal 2/3 bearing a slim sclerite. Corpus bursae oval; rhomboid signum narrow, with maximal length equal to half length of corpus bursae; second (posterior) signum small and somewhat curved, bearing short spines.

Material examined.

Type material. Pyrausta minnehaha : Holotype ♂, [ China]: Chekiang , 80.123 (NHMUK). Leucocraspeda auratalis : Holotype ♀, Japan (NHMUK). Pionea schenklingi : Lectotype ♂, [ China]: Kosempo , Formosa, X.1911, H. Sauter Coll., Gen. präp. Gaedike NR: 9669 (SDEI) ; Syntypes: 1♀, [ China]: Suisharyo, Formosa, X.[19]11, H. Sauter Coll., Gen. präp. Gaedike NR: 9670 (SDEI) ; 1♂, [ China]: Suisharyo, Formosa, II.[19]12, H. Sauter Coll. (SDEI) .

Other material examined.

Material with yellowish brown forewing: China: Fujian: 1♀, Mt. Mangdangshan, Maodi Village , 26.70°N, 118.08°E, alt. 812 m, 17.VIII.2016, Chen Kai, Duan Yongjiang leg. ; Guangdong: 3♂, Niupoling, Yangchun , 18.VIII.2009, He Fengxia leg. , genitalia slide LJW12053 ; 1♂, Mt. Danxiashan, Shaoguan , 25.04°N, 113.64°E, alt. 96 m, 7.VI.2012, Li Jinwei leg. ; 1♂, Chebaling Nature Reserve, Shixing , 24.72°N, 114.26°E, alt. 496 m, 28.V.2017, Zhang Dandan leg. , genitalia slide No. SYSU1013, molecular voucher No. LEP0217 ; 1♂, Dunzi Forest Farm, Huizhou , 10.IX.2015 , Li Zhiqiang et al. leg .; Guangxi: 5♂, Gaozhai, Xing’an, 28.VIII.2011, Zhang Dandan, Li Jinwei leg. , genitalia slide No. SYSU0225; 1♂, Gaozhai, Mt. Maoershan, Guilin , alt. 1100 m, 27.VII.2015, Liu Kaili, Zhao Jingxia leg. ; Guizhou: 2♂, Baishao, Kuankuoshui Natural Reserve , alt. 800 m, 11.VIII.2010, Du Xicui leg. ; Yunnan: 1♀, Yuanjiang, Yuxi , 23.97°N, 102.05°E, alt. 390 m, 16-17.VII.2019, Xiang Lanbin leg. ; Hubei: 1♂, Wujiashan, Yingshan , 31.05°N, 115.47°E, alt. 880 m, 29.VI.2014, Chen Xiaohua, Pan Chang leg. ; 1♂, Taohuachong, Mt. Dabieshan , alt. 590 m, 30.VI.2014, Xu Lijun leg. genitalia slide No. SYSU1043; Hunan: 1♂, Baimaoping, Chengbu, Shaoyang , 26.25°N, 110.37°E, alt. 550 m, 7-9.IX.2020, Jin Mengjie, Xiang Lanbin leg. ; 2♂, Yangmeiao, Mt. Jiuwandashan , 25.19°N, 108.65°E, alt. 1183 m, 22.VII.2015, Chen Kai leg. ; Jiangxi: 9♂, Shixi Village, Fengxin , 28.44°N, 114.54°E, alt. 506 m, 22.IX.2012, Li Jinwei, Yang Lijun leg. , genitalia slide No. SYSU0227, molecular voucher No. LEP0033 ; 2♂, Guanyinyan, Jing’an, 29.03°N, 115.25°E, alt. 195 m, 20.VII.2014, Chenkai leg. genitalia slide No. SYSU0270, molecular voucher No. LEP0059 ; 1♂, Xiangzhou, Mt. Jinggangshan , 26.IV.2011, Yu Yali leg. , genitalia slide No. SYSU0271, molecular voucher No. LEP0061 ; Shanxi: 9♂ 6♀, Miaoping, Manghe , 35.25°N, 112.46°E, alt. 557 m, 19-20.VIII.2018, Chen Kai, Xiang Lanbin leg. ; Shaanxi: 1♀, Haopingsi, Yingtou , 34.05°N, 107.42°E, alt. 1251 m, 18.VII.2012, Li Jinwei leg. , genitalia slide No. SYSU0272.

Material with rosy-red forewing:

Japan: 1♂, Nagasaki, May.1886, Leech, Pyralidae Brit. Mus. Slide No. 010315142 (NHMUK) ; China: Hainan: 1♀, Yinggeling , alt. 620 m, 18.IV.2010, Zhang Jing, Hu Bingbing leg. (abdomen missing) .

Distribution.

China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shanghai, Shanxi, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Korea, Japan.

Remarks.

The type material of Pyrausta minnehaha Pryer, 1877 has rosy-red forewings bearing strongly contrasting spots and relatively smooth and slender lines, and the type series of Pionea schenklingi Strand, 1918 has the same appearance. Leucocraspeda auratalis Warren, 1895 has a yellowish brown forewing, but bears the same markings, hindwings and fringe as Pyrausta minnehaha and Pionea schenklingi . The genitalic characters indicate that these all belong to the same species. Although there is striking variation in this species, it is most easily identified by its appearance and its small body size. On the basis of currently available material, specimens with yellowish brown forewings are the commonest form in its range.

Figures

Figures 3 - 12. Adults of Ecpyrrhorrhoe spp. 3 E. allochroa, sp. nov., holotype, male (Yunnan) 4 E. damastesalis, male (Guangdong) 5 E. damastesalis, male (Yunnan) 6 E. minnehaha, male (Guangdong) 7 E. minnehaha, male (Taiwan) 8 E. obliquata, male (Hainan) 9 E. rufipicta, female (Hainan) 10 E. fimbriata, male (Guangxi) 11 E. rubiginalis, female (Xinjiang) 12 E. machoeralis, type, female (Sri Lanka). Scale bars: 5.0 mm.

Figures 22 - 27. Male genitalia of Ecpyrrhorrhoe spp., with enlarged detail of juxta (right) 22 E. allochroa, sp. nov., holotype, Yunnan (genitalia slide No. CXH 12133) 23 E. damastesalis, Yunnan (genitalia slide No. SYSU 0237) 24 E. minnehaha, Jiangxi (genitalia slide No. SYSU 0271) 25 E. obliquata, Hainan (genitalia slide No. SYSU 0228) 26 E. rufipicta, Hainan (genitalia slide No. ZDD 12031) 27 E. fimbriata, Yunnan (genitalia slide No. SYSU 0281). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.

Figures 38 - 43. Female genitalia of Ecpyrrhorrhoe spp. 38 E. damastesalis, Hainan (genitalia slide No. SYSU 0247) 39 E. minnehaha, Shaanxi (genitalia slide No. SYSU 0272) 40 E. obliquata, Guangdong (genitalia slide No. SYSU 0269) 41 E. rufipicta, Hainan (genitalia slide No. SYSU 0341) 42 E. rubiginalis, Jiangxi (genitalia slide No. SYSU 0215) 43 E. machoeralis, type, Ceylon (genitalia slide No. 8680 (NHMUK )). Scale bars: 1.0 mm.