Phaedon Latreille, 1829

Ge, Si-Qin, Daccordi, Mauro, Ren, Jing & Yang, Xing-Ke, 2015, Revision of Phaedon Latreille from China (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Zoological Systematics 40 (1), pp. 1-30 : 2-4

Genus Phaedon Latreille, 1829

Phaedon Latreille, 1829: 151 . Type species: Chrysomela armoraciae Linnaeus, 1758: 369 , designated by Maulik, 1926.

Alitene Gistl, 1857: 530 . Type species: not designated. Synonymy by Gressitt & Kimoto, 1961.

Emmetrus Motschulsky, 1860: 221 . Type species: Chrysomela betulae Küster, 1846 , by original designation. Synonymy by Gressitt & Kimoto, 1961.

Allophaedon Kontkanen, 1933: 70 . Type species: Phaedon prasinellus Le Conte.

Hemiphaedon Jacobson, 1902: 131 . Type species: Phaedon subtilis Weise.

Orthosticha Motschulsky, 1860: 196 . Type species: Plagiodera bonariense Boheman, 1858 , by original designation.

Paraphaedon Sharp, 1910: 4 . Type species: Chrysomela tumidula Germar, 1824 ).

Descriptions ( Fig. 1 ). Elongate, strongly convex.

Head. Small, deeply inserted into prothorax. Compound eyes elongate or sub-spherical. Anterior part of labrum incised. Apical segment of maxillary palpi slender, twice as long as penultimate segment. Antennae extending to base of elytra, segments 7–11 broadened apically.

Thorax and abdomen. Pronotum with coarse punctures; anterior margin broadly emarginate with projecting anterior angles; anterior side, lateral side and posterior side with margin. Scutellum triangular with rounded apex, impunctate or

© Zoological Systematics, 40(1): 1–30 with sparse punctures. Elytra broader than pronotum at base, slightly broadened after middle ( Fig. 14 ); with ten striae arranged in single stria or double striae, not including incomplete basal scutellar row; humeral callus prominent or not; apically interspace tapered and narrow; interspace equally spaced except 8th which is wider. Epipleura plain, flat, broadened basally, slightly narrowed posteriorly, inner edge without hairs. Underside. Prosternal process narrow or wide, truncate apically, slightly broadened; procoxal cavities open behind; mesosternal process broadened, emarginate apically ( Fig. 2A ); antero-lateral plate of metaventrite small or large, without punctures ( Fig. 2A ). Legs. Femora robust ( Fig. 2A ); tibiae slender, outer-lateral margin of tibiae curved, with dense pubescence especially at apex; third segment of tarsi bilobed; onychium enlarged or not apically ( Fig. 2D ), claws simple ( Fig. 2D ).

Aedeagus. In dorsal view broadened basally, tapered to apex, slightly pointed apically ( Fig. 3C ); in lateral view bent at left angles ( Fig. 3D ); internal sac invisible at posterior border of basal foramen; flagellum invisible.

Spermatheca. Falciform or C-shaped, with or without long convoluted duct, with or without bulbiform structure ( Figs 3F , 4E ).

Remarks. The genus is similar of Neophaedon , but it can be distinguished by the following characters: punctures of eight stria entire and reach the apex of elytra, metaventrite with antero-lateral plate.

Distribution. Worldwide except Australia Region and Africa Region, temperate and sub-tropical regions.

Key to the Chinese species of the genus Phaedon Latreille, 1829

1. Pronotum and elytra black, lateral margins of pronotum and elytra yellowish manila.......................................................... P.gressitti

Lateral margin of pronotum and elytra as same color as pronotum and elytra..................................................................................... 2 2. With hind wings ...................................................................................................................................................................................3

Brachypterus or apterus........................................................................................................................................................................8 3. Elytral intervals without punctures..................................................................................................................................... P.brassicae

Elytral intervals with punctures............................................................................................................................................................4 4. Distal part of the onychium enlarged .............................................................................................................................. P.cochleariae

Distal part of the onychium not enlarged ........................................................................................................................................... 5

© Zoological Systematics, 40(1): 1–30

5. Humeral callus flat, not prominent; lateral striae distinct until the apex ..............................................................................................6 Humeral callus prominent; elytral striae confused at the apex............................................................................................................. 7

6. Frons with fine and sparse punctures ..................................................................................................................................... P.alticola Frons with coarse and dense punctures .................................................................................................................................... P.mellyi

7. Elytra strongly shining, usually greenish-blue, often with golden, purplish or violaceus reflex; apex of abdomen usually entirely black; distance among punctures of lateral stria 4–5 times than their diameter ................................................................ P.concinnus Elytra not strongly shining, usually greenish blue or blue-black; apex of abdomen usually with yellowish margine; distance among punctures of lateral stria 2–3 times of their diameter ...................................................................................................... P.armoraciae

8. Prosternal process narrow .................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Prosternal process wide......................................................................................................................................................................13

9. Tibiae reddish brown; hypomeron with dense punctures ...................................................................................................................10 Tibiae not reddish brown; hypomeron with sparse punctures ............................................................................................................ 11

10. Pronotum with sparse and fine punctures, much bigger in lateral sides ......................................................................... P.flavotibialis Pronotum with the same punctures ..................................................................................................................... P.huizuensis sp. nov.

11. Head and pronotum with sparse and fine punctures........................................................................................................................... 12 Head and pronotum with dense and coarse punctures............................................................................................................ P.alpinus

12. Pronotum quadrangular, lateral margin straight ................................................................................................... P.wumingshanensis Pronotum trapezoidal, lateral margin slightly curved anteriorly ............................................................................................ P.apterus

13. Lateral margin of pronotum straight; antero-lateral plate of metaventrite large, elytral puncture very fine; body shape round............. .................................................................................................................................................................................... P.igori sp. nov. Lateral margin of pronotum curved; antero-lateral plate of metaventrite small; elytral punctures bigger; body shape elongate ....... 14

14. Elytra with very strong single striae; punctures very closed with each other, interspaces of striae silk like without shining................. .............................................................................................................................................................................. P.insolitus sp. nov. Elytra with shallow striae, punctures not closed with each other; interspaces of striae silk like, shining ..........................................15

15. Elytra with double striae ..................................................................................................................................... P.geminatus sp. nov. Elytra with single striae..................................................................................................................................... P.prosternalis sp. nov.

Figures

Fig. 1. Phaedon brassicae Baly, 1874, habitus.

Fig. 14. Phaedon igori Daccordi & Ge, sp. nov., SEM. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Head and thorax, dorsal view. D. Head and thorax, ventral view. E. Base of elytra, showing punctures. F. Onychium, lateral view. Scale bars: A–B, E= 0.5mm; C–D=0.2mm; F =0.05mm.

Fig. 2. Phaedon alpinus Ge & Wang, 2002, SEM. A. Habitus, ventral view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Onychium, lateral view, Odontedon fulvescens. D. Onychium, lateral view, Phaedon alpinus. E. Head, ventral view. Scale bars: A=1.0mm; B, D=0.2mm; C, E=0.1mm.

Fig. 3. Phaedon alpinus Ge & Wang, 2002. A. Antenna, male. B. Antenna, female. C. Aedeagus, dorsal view. D. Aedeagus, lateral view. E. Tegman. F. Spermatheca. Scale bars:A–B=0.5mm; C–E=0.2mm; F =0.1mm.

Fig. 4. Phaedon alticola Chen, 1974. A. Antenna, male. B. Antenna, female. C. Aedeagus, dorsal view. D. Aedeagus, lateral view. E. Spermatheca. Scale bars: A–B=0.5mm; C–D =0.2mm; E=0.1mm.