Calligrapha polyspila (Germar, 1821)

Gómez-Zurita, Jesús, 2021, Systematic revision of Calligrapha s. str. Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae), Zootaxa 4953 (1), pp. 1-111 : 6-21

Calligrapha polyspila (Germar, 1821)

( Figs 1a, 1c, 1d , 2a , 3 )

Chrysomela polyspila Germar in Wiedemann & Germar, 1821. Mag. Ent., 4, p. 176.

Chrysomela polyspila: Perty in de Martius, 1833 , Del. anim. artic. Bras., p. 18.

Polyspila polyspila: Hope, 1840 , Col. Man., 3, p. 165.

Calligrapha polyspila: Sturm, 1843 , Cat. Kaefer-Samml., p. 288.

Calligrapha polyspila: Chevrolat in Orbigny, 1844, Dict. univ. hist. nat., 3, p. 656.

Polyspila vulgaris Guérin-Méneville, 1855 , Verh. Zool. Bot. Ver. Wien, 5, p. 606.

Calligrapha polyspila: Stål, 1859 , Öfv. K. Vet.-akad. forhand., 16, p. 323.

Calligrapha polyspila: Motschulsky, 1860 , Reisen Forsch. Amur-Lande, 2, p. 198.

Chrysomela polyspila: Stål, 1865 , Mon. Chrysom. Am., 3, p. 265.

Chrysomela polyspila: Redtenbacher, 1868 , Reise österr. freg. Novara, 9, 2, p. 209.

Calligrapha polyspila: Gemminger & Harold, 1874 , Cat. col., 11, p. 3434.

Calligrapha polyspila: Bruch, 1904 , Rev. mus. Plata, 11, p. 321.

Calligrapha polyspila: Tremoleras, 1910 , Ent. Bl., 6, p. 40.

Calligrapha polyspila: Bruch, 1914 , Cat. Sist. Col. Rep. Arg., 9, p. 357.

Polyspila polyspila: Weise, 1916 , Col. Cat., p. 42.

Polyspila polyspila v. plagata Achard, 1923b , Fragm. Entom., 5, p. 70. syn. nov.

Polyspila polyspila v. bilineolata Achard, 1923c , Fragm. Entom., 8, p. 120. syn. nov.

Polyspila polyspila: Méquignon, 1935 , Bull. Soc. ent. Fr., 1935, p. 204.

Calligrapha polyspila: Blackwelder, 1946 , Checklist Col., 4, p. 674.

Calligrapha polyspila: Bechyné, 1950 , Mitt. Münch. Entomol. Ges., 40, p. 299.

Calligrapha polyspila: Bechyné, 1952 , Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey, 3, p. 25.

Calligrapha polyspila ab. plagiata: Bechyné, 1952, Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey, 3, p. 25 [lapsus calami].

Calligrapha polyspila ab. bilineolata: Bechyné, 1952, Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey, 3, p. 25.

Calligrapha polyspila: Bechyné, 1954 , Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey, 5, p. 585.

Polyspila polyspila: Jolivet, 1954 , Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg., 30, p. 3.

Calligrapha polyspila: Monrós, 1955 , Coleopt. Bull., 9, p. 53.

Calligrapha polyspila: Monrós & Bechyné, 1956 , Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey, 7, p. 1128.

Calligrapha polyspila: Bechyné & Springlová de Bechyné, 1965 , Rev. Fac. Agron. Maracay, 3, p. 73.

Calligrapha polyspila: de Vaio & Postiglioni, 1974 , Rev. Biol. Uruguay, 2, p. 23.

Calligrapha polyspila: Grissell & De Santis, 1987 , Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash., 89, p. 264.

Calligrapha polyspila : Costa, Vanin & Casari-Chen, 1988, Larvas Col. Brasil, p. 244.

Polyspila polyspila: Cox, 1994 , Novel Aspects Biol. Chrysom., p. 441.

Calligrapha polyspila: Mecke, Galileo & Engels, 2000 , Iheringia, 88, p. 168.

Calligrapha polyspila: Gómez-Zurita, Funk & Vogler, 2006 , Evolution, 60, p. 332.

Calligrapha pantherina: Reid, 2006 , Zootaxa, 1292, p. 35 [Fig. 31].

Calligrapha polyspila: Goodman & Clark, 2009 , Ins. Mundi, 92, p. 1.

Calligrapha polyspila: Bousquet & Bouchard, 2013 , ZooKeys, 282, p. 102.

Calligrapha polyspila: Montelongo & Gómez-Zurita, 2014 , Zool. Scr., 43, p. 606.

Calligrapha polyspila: Gómez-Zurita, 2015a , Zootaxa, 3922, p. 3.

Calligrapha polyspila: Flinte et al., 2017 , ZooKeys, 720, p. 9.

Calligrapha polyspila: Merckx et al., 2018 , Biodiversity Inf., 13, p. 45.

The historical series used by Ernst F. Germar to describe this species is conserved in the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin ( Germany). This series includes six specimens from Brazil, of which only three conform more or less to the length provided in the description (4.5 lines ~ 9.5 mm); the remaining characters of the description apply to all specimens, except for one of the larger specimens, which might be teneral and with metallic iridescence not developed on its dark elytral markings. Of the other two large specimens, one female will be selected here as lectotype to diagnose the species, due to the conspicuous iridescent blue coloration of the elytral markings, a character much stressed in Germar’s original description (e.g., stahlblau, lackmusblaue Flecke; Germar in Wiedemann & Germar 1821) .

Lectotype ( Fig. 1a ), by present designation: female, Hist.-Coll. ( Coleoptera ), Nr. 29776, Calligrapha polyspila Germ., Brasilia, Zool. Mus. Berlin [green label] (MfN). The specimen lacks the right hind leg, except the trochanter and narrow basal section of the metafemur.

Paralectotypes, by present designation: four specimens, Hist.-Coll. ( Coleoptera ), Nr. 29776, Calligrapha polyspila Germ., Brasilia, Zool. Mus. Berlin [green label]; one specimen, 29776, polyspila Germ. , Brasil [green label] (MfN).

Description. Body elongate elliptical, moderately convex. Head, base of mandibles, pronotum, scutellum and ventral thoracic parts, including coxae, blackish with metallic blue tinge; epipleura and abdominal ventrites black or very dark brown with conspicuous metallic blue shine, depending on light incidence; elytral markings and fine margin dark brown with a hint of same metallic blue shine; labrum and corpus of mandibles dark rufous; antennae, mouth appendages and legs, including trochanter, bright reddish brown; background of elytra yellow. Length: 9.9 mm; width: 6.4 mm.

Head large, broad, deeply inserted into prothorax; surface metallic, with fine microreticulation and large punctures, deeper at sides, near eyes and above antennal calli, bearing fine recumbent whitish setae; frontal suture fine, more deeply impressed anteriorly, joining broadly bisinuous clypeal suture; supraocular furrow impressed dorsally and slightly surpassing upper margin of eye. Clypeus slightly depressed basally, finely microreticulate, with scattered punctures, denser near suture and larger in anterior half, bearing fine whitish setae, denser, longer and pale yellowish at deflexed anterior margin, strongly convergent medially. Labrum transverse, half as long as clypeus, round at angles and slightly emarginate at anterior border, smooth, shiny, with some setigerous punctures near anterior angles; setae long, translucent, pale yellowish and convergent medially. Mandibles large, robust, longer than clypeus, surpassing length of labrum by twice its length, concave basally at sides, strongly bent medially, with large, deep, setose punctures externally, and fine, pale yellowish setae. Maxillary palpi elongate; apical palpomere subtrapezoidal, with slightly curved sides, convergent apically, with obliquely truncate apex; penultimate palpomere of similar length, slightly broader apically than base of distal segment, slightly elbowed, regularly convex externally and with stronger curvature internally; basal palpomere longer, club-shaped, straight. Eyes dorsoventrally elongate, elliptical, entire and relatively finely faceted. Antennae reaching slightly beyond base of pronotum, moderately clavate; five basal antennomeres shiny, sparsely covered by setae; scape robust, anteriorly convex, about twice as long as wide; pedicel longer than wide, widened from base to apex; third antennomere 1.5x longer than pedicel, club-shaped; fourth antennomere as long as pedicel and antennomeres 5–6 progressively shorter; antennomeres 4–5 slightly clavate; antennomere 6 gradually enlarged toward apex, forming base of antennal club; surface of antennomeres 7– 11 finely rugose, with scattered, semierect, pale yellowish setae and clothed with fine, dense, appressed pubescence; antennomeres 7–10 progressively longer, with seventh antennomere about as long as sixth, and tenth about as long as fourth; eighth antennomere about as wide at apex as long; eleventh antennomere about as long as third, wider than previous ones, curved at sides and bluntly acuminate at apex.

Pronotum transverse, about 1.9x as wide at base as long at middle, feebly convex in sagittal plane and moderately convex transversely; sides straight and weakly convergent anteriorly in basal half, regularly and smoothly curved in apical third toward strongly protruding anterior angles, finely margined throughout; anterior angles flanking head, nearly reaching middle of eyes, wider at base than long, with large trichobothrium at apex bearing setae obliquely bent sideward and backward; anterior border feebly convex behind vertex, with fine margin, narrower at middle; posterior angles obtuse, with lateral trichobothrium nearly at angle and setae bent obliquely forward; posterior border markedly convex, unmargined; surface microreticulate, with sparse irregular punctures on disc, larger and denser in basal half, and with fossette-like, much larger and deeper punctures at sides, reaching anterior angles, also forming rows near or confluent with basal border except at scutellar area; surface with two depressed round areas laterally on disc on anterior half. Hypomera triangular, convex medially, transverselly impressed basally, with fine transverse folds; surface finely microreticulate, unpunctured; hypomeral suture impressed at basal third, widening and flattening at middle, becoming obsolete at anterior angles. Prosternum narrow, slightly longer than scape, with anterior border regularly concave and finely margined, parallel to posterior border; surface finely microreticulate, with large, confluent punctures and fine, long, pale yellowish setae at basal half, anterior to procoxae; prosternal process about twice as long as prosternum before procoxae, narrower than anterior part between coxae, and broadened to more than twice intercoxal width at apex, depressed and slightly surpassing margin of coxae apically; process longitudinally and transversally convex, microreticulate, with scattered large punctures and fine golden posteriorly recumbent setae. Scutellum elongate, nearly 1.3x longer than wide at base, with sides parallel in basal 1/3 and arched toward blunt, round apex; surface smooth, unpunctured. Mesoventrite narrower than prosternum, with microreticulate surface and round large punctures in front of mesocoxae. Mesepimera and mesanepisterna finely microreticulate, unpunctured, with shallow transverse impressions. Metanepisterna long, with broad, feebly raised, minutely punctured anterior and lateral margins; posterior area enlarged, feebly callous; disc microreticulate, with large deep punctures, longitudinally elongate at external side and apical 2/3. Metaventrite 1.5x longer than prosternum, with anterior process round and margined, and posterior border between metacoxae forming broad obtuse angle; surface glossy on disc, with fine scattered punctures, finely shagreened at sides, with small deep punctures near borders and scattered fine punctures elsewhere, bearing short fine pale yellowish setae; discrimen finely impressed posteriorly.

Elytra long, about 0.8x as long as body, wider than pronotum at base, with round basal angles and weakly curved sides, widest at middle and slightly arched at apical 1/3; lateral declivities weakly convex, concealing margin from above for most of their length, except briefly at base before humeral angles; fine elytral margin impressed internally by bead of deep, close punctures; humeri obsolete; surface smooth, slightly alutaceous, with regularly scattered fine shallow dot-like punctures, becoming deeper and larger within and around dark markings, mostly in basal half; premarginal line of tight punctures regular except in humeral and subhumeral areas. Dark elytral markings of elytra ( Fig. 1a ) consisting of: (i) narrow sutural stripe, on average as broad as base of scutellum, delimited by regular longitudinal lines of punctures, from slightly before apex of scutellum to nearly sutural angle, becoming wavier and less well defined; (ii) subsutural stripe about as wide as sutural stripe and broken into three broadly separated segments, including small postscutellar round spot separated from sutural stripe by width nearly as wide as its diameter and delimited externally by deep small punctures; longitudinal discal stripe completely confluent with sutural stripe, entirely surrounded by small deep punctures and with interstitial row of finer punctures; and preapical elongate and irregular spot completely confluent with sutural stripe; (iii) arcuate band absent, but markings homologous to arcuate band in other species consisting of basal medium-sized, tear-shaped spot separated from subsutural stripe by pale area as wide as spot and delimited by small punctures; marking equivalent to apical part of arcuate band large, irregularly round, more or less at level with gap between median and apical regions of subsutural stripe, punctured near border and within marking, separated from sutural stripe by distance as wide as sutural and subsutural stripes on disc; (iv) humeral spot pear-shaped, about as big as basal spot of arcuate band, placed on and slightly behind humerus; (v) humeral lunule broken into small, slightly elongate basal marking inner to humerus, broadly separate from base of elytra and slightly bigger than basal spot of subhumeral stripe; and large broadly elliptical apical marking, obliquely directed to suture apically; (vi) spot enclosed by humeral lunule large, piriform, broadest apically, completely surrounded by and covered with small punctures, with spot broadly separated from base of elytra and equidistantly flanked basally by basal spots of subsutural stripe and of humeral lunule, with posterior border at level of base of median section of subsutural stripe; (vii) subhumeral spot twice as big as basal spot of humeral lunule, longitudinally elongate, free, closer to margin of elytron than to surrounding spots, with irregular premarginal line of punctures crossing marking, devoid of peripheral punctures; (viii) midlateral spot about as big as subhumeral spot, longitudinally elongate, broadly confluent laterally with elytral margin, crossed by 8–9 tight punctures of premarginal line, devoid of peripheral punctures; (ix) apical spot slightly bigger than humeral spot, roundish, nearly as distant from margin of elytron as from subsutural stripe, with fine shallow punctures around and within; (x) five additional markings on disc; one large discal roundish spot between markings of arcuate band, at level of midlateral spot; four spots aligned with humeral and apical spots, parallel to margin of elytron at lateral declivity, with basal and penultimate spots of series larger and irregular, and second and apical spots small and roundish. Epipleura weakly slanted ventrally, scarcely visible in lateral view, broadest at base, broad and nearly parallel in basal 1/3, constricted at middle and gradually narrowing toward sutural angle, finely margined at inner border, with fringe of short fine setae at apical border.

Femora slightly enlarged medially, relatively smooth and shiny, with sparse fine punctures and fine, short, pale yellowish setae. Tibiae straight, slender, gradually broadening to apex, finely longitudinally carinate internally, furrowed externally in apical 1/3, with furrow progressively widening toward apical emargination of tarsal insertion; surface smooth, shiny, with scattered punctures in basal 2/3, granulose and with dense golden pubescence ventrally at apex. Tarsi long, slender, about 4/5 as long as corresponding tibia, with tarsomeres smooth, shiny dorsally, with scattered, very fine, short, golden setae; three basal tarsomeres with very dense carpet of dark yellow pubescence ventrally; onychium long, club-shaped, slightly curved ventrally, with fine, sparse, short setae, with some longer setae apically and two long, median, ventral setae; claws simple, free, long, very acute, weakly divergent.Abdominal ventrites smooth, shiny, with sparse, scattered, fine punctation and very fine, short, translucent pubescence; first abdominal ventrite nearly as long as metaventrite, with broad, blunt anterior process; second ventrite about half as long as first; ventrites 3–4 slightly and progressively shorter; last visible ventrite as long as second, curved and margined at apex; abdominal ventrites with weak, slightly rugose, round depressions laterally. Penis ( Fig. 2a ) slender, tubular, moderately curved ventrally, gradually tapering dorsally in apical quarter; sides subparallel, weakly convergent after gonopore and before lateral expansions of apical border; apical border moderately curved, with short median lobe, with sides recurved posteriorly, forming posteriorly oriented lateral teeth; lateral teeth weakly surpassing average width of penis; gonopore elongate-oval, with transverse dorsal flap, slightly membranous longitudinally at middle; apical end of flagellum with slightly expanded chitinose end and large membranous border.

Material examined (2296 specimens).

ARGENTINA

FSAC: (1) nine specimens, Argentina, Misiones, 23–28.i.1986, Luis E. Peña leg.; (2) twelve specimens, Argentina, Buenos Aires, xi.1978, Luis Peña leg., [one with: Calligrapha polyspila Grm. Det. M. Daccordi 1986 ]; (3) one specimen, Arg., B.A., 19 km SE Campana, 29.ix.1968, L. & C.W. O’Brien leg., Calligrapha polyspila (Germ.) J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (4) one specimen, Argentina, Buenos Aires, Reserva Natural Otamendi, 28.xi.2001, G.B. Edwards & C.L. Scioscia leg., Calligrapha polyspila (Germ.) J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (5) five specimens, Argentina, Misiones, Azara, 10.iii.1984, Calligrapha polyspila (Germ.) J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (6) two specimens, Argentina, Misiones, Mocona, 13.vi.1984, Calligrapha polyspila (Germ.) J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011. HNHM: (1) two specimens, Argentinia, ex. Coll. Frushtorfer, C. polyspila det. Daccordi 1979; (2) one specimen, Buenos-Aires, 1928, Vezényi, C. polyspila det. Daccordi 1979; (3) two specimens, Argentina, Prov. Buenos Aires, 5.vi.1904, C. Bruch, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. det. C. Bruch; (4) twenty-four specimens, Arg., Buenos Air., 8.xii.1961, Nr. 763 [one with Nr. 764], [one with: Calligrapha polyspila Germ. J. Bechyné det. 1963]; (5) three specimens, Arg., Buenos Air., 9.xii.1961, R. Mejía, Topál, Nr. 766. MCZ: (1) four specimens, Estancia La Noria, Río San Javier, Santa Fe, Argentina, G.E. Bryant, 8.xii.1911 [1x], 13.xii.1911 [1x], 4.i.1912 [2x]; (2) three specimens, R.A., Misiones, Apóstoles, ii.1947, Coll. R. de Huidobro, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. F. Monrós det. 1955; (3) one specimen, R.A., Misiones, Aristóbulo del Valle, Yacutinga, 27.xi.1951, Coll. Willink-Monrós. MfN: (1) eight specimens, Buenos Aires, ix.1897 [1x], xi.1897 [1x], xii.1897 [4x], i.1898 [2x], G. Schimpf; (2) three specimens, Buenos Aires [one specimen in the series without data]; (3) one specimen, polyspila, Aires ; (4) two specimens, Argentinien, Rosario de Sta. Fe, Hubrich G.; (5) ten specimens, Argentinien, Prov. Bs. Aires, Otamendi, XII.54, Calligrapha polyspila Germ., Erber det. 1995 [one with: vergl. mit det. von Bechyné]; (6) one specimen, La Plata; (7) three specimens, Argentinien, ex coll. H. Fruhstorfer, Zool. Mus. Berlin [one with: Calligrapha polyspila Germ. det. M. Daccordi 1993]; (8) one specimen, Argentinien. NHM: (1) nine specimens, Estancia la Noria, Rio San Javier, Santa Fe, Argentina, G.E. Bryant, 8.xii.1911, 13.xii.1911, 14.xii.1911 [x3], 20.xii.1911, 21.xii.1911, 4.i.1912 [x2], Pres. by Imp. Bur. Ent. Brit. Mus. 1923-165 [one with: Calligrapha polyspila Germ. ]; (2) two specimens, Constancia, Jan.y 1857, H. Clark [one with: 67-56]; (3) two specimens, Argentina, Punta Lara, 26.x.1941, W. Wittmer, Brit. Mus. 1945-33, Polispyla polispyla (Germ.) det. W. Wittmer; (4) one specimen, Argentina, Punta Lara, 26 Oct. 1941, Pres. by W. Wittmer, BM1945-33; (5) one specimen, Buenos Ayres, E.Y. Western Coll., B.M. 1924- 176; (6) four specimens, Argentina, Buenos Aires 10.i.1927, F. & M. Edwards, B.M. 1927-63; (7) twenty-two specimens, Argentina, Bs. Aires, Ezeiza, 13.i.1970, Vardy & Arguin-deguy, B.M. 1970-36 [four with: In cop.; one with: Polyspila polyspila Germ. S.L. Shute det. 1970); (8) fourteen specimens, Argentina, Ajo [Mar de Ajó], B.A. Prov., vii–ix 1919, H.E. Box, Brit. Mus. 1921-260; (9) one specimen, Argentina, Los Cardales, Dec. 1941, Pres. by W. Wittmer, B.M. 1945-33; (10) one specimen, Argentina, Puerto Aguirre, Alto Parana, K.J. Hayward Dec. 23–Jan. 21, 1933 –4, B.M. 1934-337; (11) five specimens, Arg., Entre Ríos, Concordia, 10–12.i.1980, C. & M. Vardy, B.M. 1980-67, on Baccharis ; (12) one specimen, Corrientes, Sharp Coll. 1905-313; (13) one specimen, Argentina, Misiones, 1932, K.J. Hayward, B.M. 1933-187; (14) one specimen: Argentine 85-58; (15) one specimen: Argentina, O.W. Thomas 1904-143; (16) one specimen: Argentina, Col. Taylor, 1906-199. NHMB: (1) one specimen, La Plata; (2) one specimen, Argent., La Plata, Erwerb 1955, Coll. Brancsik; (3) one specimen, Argentinien, ex. coll. H. Fruhstorfer; (4) one specimen, Bs. Aires, Escobar, Mayo 1949, W. Wittmer; (5) one specimen, Argentinien, Buenos Aires, coll. Dr. Reitter; (6) one specimen, St. Ignacio, 19.i.1938, Friedr. Tippmann, Wien; (7) one specimen, Tigre, Argentina, 25–26.xii.1937, Friedr. Tippmann, Wien; (8) one specimen, Buenos Ayres, C. polyspila ab. plagata Ach. J. Bechyné det. 1952; (9) one specimen, San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Arg., Calligrapha polyspila (Germ.) J. GómezZurita det. 2010; (10) six specimens, Argentina, Misiones, 27.iii.1984 [one with: Calligrapha polyspila Germ. L. Medvedev det.; one with: Calligrapha polyspila Grm. det. M. Daccordi 1994 ]; (11) one specimen, Argentina, Gob. Misiones, Breyer. NMCZ: (1) one specimen [HOLOTYPE of Polyspila polyspila var. plagata Achard, 1923 ], San Ignacio, Misions, polyspila var. plagata m. TYPE J. Achard det., Type [red label], Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (2) five specimens, San Ignacio, Missions, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense [one with: Argentine; one with: polyspila Germ. J. Achard det.]; (3) three specimens, San Ignacio, Missions, Argentine [one with: polyspila Germ. ]; (4) one specimen, Argent. Misiones, S. Javier, Alba Posse, ix.947, Monrós; (5) two specimens, Argent., Misiones, S. Javier, R. Loudero, ix.947, Monrós; (6) one specimen, Argentina, Misiones, Dep. Concep., Sta. Maria, M.J. Viana, 24; (7) one specimen, Pto. Bemberg, Misiones R.A., xi.945, Prosen; (8) one specimen, Sta. Anna, Argentina, Dr. Černovitov; (9) three specimens, B. Ayres, fr. ap. Maria [two with: Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense]; (10) two specimens, Buenos Aires, Belgrano, 19.ix.84, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (11) two specimens, R.A. Bº Aires, enero 1895, P. Girard; (12) two specimens, B. Aires, R.A., enero 1896, P. Girard; (13) five specimens, Arg., B. Aires, San Isidoro [San Isidro], x.1942, F. Monrós [one with: Calligrapha polyspila Grm. 1947 Det. J. Bechyně ]; (14) six specimens, Arg., B. Aires, Moreno, ix.1940, F. Monrós; (15) four specimens, Arg., B. Aires, San Miguel 5.1941, F. Monrós; (16) six specimens, Arg., B. Aires, José C. Paz, x.41, F. Monrós; (17) ten specimens, Argentina, B. Aires, Quilmes, iv.1942, F. Monrós; (18) one specimen, Umgebung v. Buenos Aires, Argentinien, 13.i.31; (19) six specimens, Argentina, Bs. Aires, [Guillermo] Hudson, Coll. Monrós, x.1943; (20) one specimen, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Coll. R. Král; (21) one specimen, V. [Villa] Devoto, B.A., 20.x.27, Muhn S.J.; (22) two specimens, Argent., Pucapampa, xii.1919, Weiser, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (23) two specimens, Arg., Cordoba, Argüello, iii.1946, F. Monrós; (24) one specimen, Argentine, Cordoba, Ascochinga, xii.945, Coll. Monrós; (25) three specimens, Argentina, Corrientes, Ciudad VIII.946, Col. Monrós; (26) one specimen, Argentina, V.M. Duchov. NMNH: (1) one specimen, Prov. de Buenos Aires, J. Boso Col.; (2) one specimen, 1559 Bolivar, Hurlingham, Argentina, USDA Biocontrol Lab., Sept. 26, 1971, 26d; (3) one specimen, Sida rhombifolia , Argentina, Pcia. Bs. Aires, Hurlingham, Bustamante Str., Feb. 18, 1975, 26c; (4) three specimens, Sida rhombifolia , Argentina, Pcia. Bs.Aires, Pta. Lara, Feb. 26, 1975, [two specimens with: 26a and 26b]; (5) one specimen, Rep. Argentina, Prov. Buenos Aires, 5.[illegible].1904, C. Bruch, Calligrapha polyspila B. Aires ; (6) one specimen, Calligrapha polyspila B. Aires ; (7) nine specimens, R.A., Bs. Aires, Punta Lara, xii.1952, Coll. F.H. Walz, F. Monrós Collection 1959; (8) two specimens, Argentina, Bs. Aires, Punta India [Indio], iii.946, Coll. Monrós, F. Monrós Collection 1959; (9) three specimens, Argentina, Bs. Aires, Hudson, x.1943, coll. Monrós, F. Monrós Collection 1959; (10) three specimens, Argentina, Bs. Aires, San Fernando, Don Torcuato, Jun. 40, coll. Monrós, F. Monrós Collection 1959; (11) one specimen, R.A., Bs. Aires, Cap. Federal, 11.ix.1945, Bachmann, F. Monros Collection 1959; Calligrapha polyspila Germ. F. Monrós det. 1954; (12) two specimens, Buenos Aires, Argentina, W.M. Mann 1954 Collection; (13) one specimen, Argentina, Buenos Aires, 20.i.1963, Blake & Cochran, Calligrapha polyspila (Germar) Det. C.L. Staines 2004 ; (14) eight specimens, Argentina, Bs. As., Rio Santiago, Palo Blanco, Berisso, 26.xii.1979, C.M. & O.S. Flint Jr.; (15) one specimen, Argentina, Bs. As., Ao. [Arroyo] del Medio, 3 km S Gral. Gelly, 14.xii.1979, C.M. & O.S. Flint Jr.; (16) one specimen, INTA, Río Reconquista, Argentina, x.5.62, D.M. Maddox collector; (17) one specimen, Argentina, B.A., Zelaya, 18 Feb. 1968, O.S. Flint Jr.; (18) one specimen, Argentina, Buenos Aires, June 1991; (19) five specimens, Argentina, Bs. Aires, Hudson, x.1943, coll. Monrós, F Monrós Collection 1959; (20) one specimen, Rosas, F.C. Sud, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Juan B. Daguerre, Argentina 1968 Colln. J. Daguerre, Polyspila polyspila Germ. ; (21) three specimens, Bs. As., San Fernando, viii.1954, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Juan B. Daguerre, Argentina 1968 Colln. J. Daguerre; (22) six specimens, Bs. As., San Fernando, x.954, Daguerre, Argentina 1968 Colln. J. Daguerre; (23) two specimens, Bs. As., San Fernando, xi.954, Daguerre, Argentina 1968 Colln. J. Daguerre; (24) four specimens, Bs. As., Dique Luján, viii.957, Daguerre, Argentina 1968 Colln. J. Daguerre; (25) three specimens, Argentina, Bs. Aires, Delta Paraná, Río Luján, May.941, Coll. Monrós, F. Monrós Collection 1959; (26) three specimens, R.A., Bs. Aires, Punta Lara, xii.1952, Coll. F.H. Walz, F. Monrós Collection 1959; (27) three specimens, Argentina, Bs. Aires, Delta Paraná, Espera, Ene.942, coll. Monrós, F. Monrós Collection 1959; (28) one specimen, San Isidro, B.A., viii.25.26, Shannon & Shannon; (29) one specimen, Argentina, 3.iii.1969, D. Holman, with out flowers, 69-6547, Calligrapha sp. d. R.E. White; (30) two specimens, R.A., Cordoba, Capital, 9.x.947, coll. P. López, F. Monrós Collection 1959; (31) one specimen, Argentina, Misiones, xii.1941, H.L. Parker. NRM: (1) one specimen: Buen Ayr., Kinb. RBINS: (1) two specimens, Buenos Aires, Palermo, Coll. J. Muller; (2) one specimen, Buenos Aires, Coll. Thirot; (3) two specimens, Buenos Aires, Coll. Camille Van Volxem; (4) six specimens, Buenos Aires; (5) one specimen, East-Chavarria, Corrientes, xii.1904; (5) two specimens, Argentina, San Nicolás, 1928, Dr. Ch. Michel. ZSM: (1) five specimens, Buenos Aires, Ellenrizcler; (2) one specimen, Argentinien, Cordoba, Huerta Grande, iv.1952, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. J. Bechyné det. 1955; (3) one specimen, Argentina, B. Aires, F. Ohaus S., Staatssammlung München 1975 Erwerb Coll. Machatschke; (4) seventeen specimens, Argentinien, Tigre, Buenos Aires, i.1946 [5x], xii.1946 [1x], i.1949 [11x], leg. Prosen; (5) three specimens, Argentinien, Buenos Aires, P. Lara, ii.1950 [2x], xii.1951 [1x], leg. J. Prosen; (6) one specimen, Argentinien, Prov. Córdoba, Huerta Grande, 600 m, 20-28.ii.1952, leg. H. Förster, Staatsslg. München; (7) twenty-eight specimens, Huerta Grande, Córdoba, Argent., 15.i.1957 [2x], 20–30.xii.1957 [1x, Calligrapha polyspila (Germ.) J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011], 20.i.1958 [5x], 17–31.i.1958 [17x], iii–iv.1958 [2x], xi.1958 [1x], leg. H. Foerster; (8) one specimen, Argentinien, Patgnia., La Rioja, 2.xii.1952, leg. H. Förster, Staatslg. München; (9) two specimens, Argentinien, E. Rios, Gualeguaychú, 1.i.1987, leg. Schmid-Egger.

BRAZIL

DZUP: (1) one specimen, Brasil, Mato Grosso, O. Finô, xii.1928, Calligrapha polyspila Germ., Coleção M. Alvarenga, DZUP 317748; (2) six specimens, Brasil, Mato Grosso, Ibiá, 11.x.1965, C. Elias, [ DZUP 317751 (with: Calligrapha polyspila Germar with Stål Photo 77 J.S. Moure & C.A.C. Seabra), DZUP 317817–317821]; (3) four specimens, Brasil, Mato Grosso, Araxá, 6.xi.1965, C. & T. Elias, Dpto. Zool. UF Paraná [ DZUP 317765, DZUP 317768–317769, DZUP 317773]; (4) six specimens, Brasil, Mato Grosso, Araxá, 10.xii.1965, C. & T. Elias, Dpto. Zool. UF Paraná [ DZUP 317764, DZUP 317766, DZUP 317767, DZUP 317770–317772]; (5) one specimen, Brasil, Mato Grosso, Araxá, 6.ix.1968, C. Elias, DZUP 317774; (6) one specimen, Brasil, Mato Grosso, Poços [de] Caldas, xi.1961, Cludionor Elias, DZUP 317776; (7) one specimen, Brasil, Mato Grosso, Poços [de] Caldas, 23.xi.1962, Claudionor Elias, DZUP 317775; (8) one specimen, Brasil, Mato Grosso, Sacramento, 26.iii.1965, C. & T. Elias leg., DZUP 317783; (9) two specimens, Brasil, Mato Grosso, Três Corações, 1924, E.M. Melo, Coleção M. Alvarenga [ DZUP 317790–317791]; (10) one specimen, Brasil, Paraná, P. Grossa, Jardim, vii.1955, 174 Calligrapha polyspila (Germ.) , DZUP 317744; (11) one specimen, Brasil, Paraná, P. Grossa, pedreira, x.1957, 174 Calligrapha polyspila (Germ.) , DZUP 317745; (12) nine specimens, Brasil, Paraná, Curitiba, 26.xi. 1967, 900 m, Dept. ZOO leg. [ DZUP 317750 ( Calligrapha polyspila Germar Comp. with Stål Photo 77 J.S. Moure & C.A.C. Seabra), DZUP 317799–317806]; (13) one specimen, Brasil, Paraná, Curitiba, 30.xii. 1966, 900 m, Dept. ZOO leg., DZUP 317807; (14) two specimens, Brasil, Paraná, Curitiba, 7.ix. 1967, 900 m, Dept. ZOO leg. [ DZUP 317808– 317809]; (15) one specimen, Brasil, Paraná, Curitiba, 3.xii. 1963, 900 m, Dept. ZOO leg., Dpto., Zool. UF Paraná, DZUP 317810; (16) eight specimens, Brasil, Paraná, Castro, 9.ix.1966, Marinoni & Fonseca [ DZUP 317752 ( Calligrapha polyspila Germar Comp. with Stål Photo 77 J.S. Moure & C.A.C. Seabra), DZUP 317822–317828]; (17) three specimens, Brasil, Paraná, Castro, 12.ix.1966, Olavo Fonseca Jr. [ DZUP 317829–317831]; (18) one specimen, Brasil, Paraná, Castro, xii.1961, S. Laroca leg., DZUP 317832; (19) one specimen, Brasil, Paraná, Castro, 19.xii.1977, DZUP 317833; (20) one specimen, Brasil, Paraná, CTBA [Curitiba], 8.x.1971, M. Leonel, DZUP 317811; (21) one specimen, Brasil, Paraná, Curitiba, 16.ii.1966, C. Ext. D.Z.F.P., DZUP 317812; (22) two specimens, Brasil, Paraná, Curitiba, 4.iv.1967, D.Z.U.F.P. leg.; (23) fourteen specimens, Brasil, Paraná, Curitiba, 7.xi.1971, Dairiki, Dpto. Zool. UF Paraná; (24) three specimens, Brasil, Paraná, Curitiba, ix.1961 [2x], 1.x.1962 [1x], S. Laroca; (25) two specimens, Brasil, Paraná, Curitiba, 28.x.1964, Sebastião Laroca; (26) one specimen, Brasil, Paraná, Curitiba, xi.1959, P.D. Hurd leg.; (27) two specimens, Brasil, Paraná, Curitiba, 28.xi.1971, col. Takahi, Dpto. Zool. UF Paraná; (28) one specimen, Brasil, Paraná, Pico Paraná, 22.i.1970, 1200 m, Laroca & Becher, Dpto. Zool. UF Paraná, DZUP 317785; (29) one specimen, Brasil, Paraná, S[ão] J[osé dos] Pinhais, viii.1962, S. Laroca leg., DZUP 317786; (30) one specimen, Brasil, Paraná, S[ão] J[osé dos] Pinhais, 1.ix.1962, S. Laroca & B. Canha; (31) one specimen, Brasil, Paraná, [Almirante] Tamandaré, 28.viii.1965, R.C. Marinoni leg., DZUP 317787; (32) two specimens, Brasil, Paraná, Alexandra 17.x.1965, Mitchelle Laroca [ DZUP 317788–317789]; (33) one specimen, Brasil, Paraná, Curitiba, Laboratório, 7.i.1983, DZUP 317863; (34) one specimen, Brasil, Paraná, Piraquara, 2.xii.1971, Pe. Moure leg., Dpto. Zool. UF-Paraná; (35) one specimen, Brasil, Paraná, Piraquara, xi.1973, Judy col.; (36) one specimen, Brasil, Paraná, Piraquara, 28.x.1981, P.G.E. Excurção, Dpto. Zool. UF-Paraná; (37) one specimen, Brasil, Paraná, Pato Branco, 6.xii.1983, Exc. Dep. Zool. UFPR, Dpto. Zool. UF-Paraná; (38) two specimens, Brasil, Paraná, Jaguariaiva, 28.xii.1969 [1x], 24–29.xii.1970 [1x], F. Giacomel leg., Dpto. Zool. UF- Paraná; (39) one specimen, Brasil, Paraná, Jaguariaiva, 3.xi.1972, Pe. Moure leg., Dpto. Zool. UF-Paraná; (40) one specimen, Brasil, Paraná, Ponta Grossa, 27.xi.1973, B.S. Correa col., 513; (41) seven specimens, Brasil, Paraná, Br-277, km. 54, S. José Pinhais, 16–23.vii.1984 [1x], 27.viii–3.ix.1984 [3x], 3–10.ix.1984 [1x], 17–24.ix.1984 [1x], 1–8.x.1984 [1x], C.I.I.F., Luminosa, Projeto PROFAUPA, Dpto. Zool. UF-Paraná; (42) one specimen, Brasil, Paraná, Curitiba, UFPR Centro Politécnico, 25º26’56.2’’S 49º14’24.8’’W, 5.iii.2016, Fabian Gaviria leg.; (43) six specimens, Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, Maromba, 26.xii.1953, 1200 m, Seabra & Alvarenga [ DZUP 317746– 317747 ( Calligrapha polyspila Germ. ), DZUP 317758–317761]; (44) five specimens, Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Itatiaia, 26.xii. 1953, 700 m, Seabra & Alvarenga, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. J. Bechyné 1963 , 75 DZUP [ DZUP 317753, DZUP 317792–317795]; (45) one specimen, Rio de Janeiro, Rezende [Resende], iv.1963, Rita Kloss, Coleção M. Alvarenga, DZUP 317780; (46) one specimen, Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Rezende [Resende], 9.i.1958, Coleção Richard Frey; (47) one specimen, Rio de Janeiro, Represa R. Grande, 20.x.1967, F. Oliveira, Dpto. Zool. UF-Paraná; (48) two specimens, Rio Grande do Sul, B[arão de] Cotegipe, v.1966, S. Giacomel [ DZUP 317749 ( Calligrapha polyspila Germar Comp. with Stål Photo 77 J.S. Moure & C.A.C. Seabra), DZUP 317815]; (48) one specimen, Brasil, Rio Grande do Sul, B[arão] de Cotegipe, 8.i.1966, F. Giacomel, DZUP 317784; (49) two specimens, Brasil, Rio Grande do Sul, Santo Augusto, x.1966, O. Roppa, Coleção M. Alvarenga [ DZUP 317781–317782]; (50) two specimens, Santa Catarina, Colonia Hansa [Corupá], H. Rolle (Berlin S.W. 11), Coleção M. Alvarenga [ DZUP 317797–317798]; (51) one specimen, Brasil, Santa Catarina , Pinhal, xii.1952, A. Maller, Coleção M. Alvarenga, DZUP 317762; (52) one specimen, Brasil, Santa Catarina , Pinhal, xii. 1958, 700 m, Cr 57, DZUP 317763; (53) two specimens, Brasil, Santa Catarina , Corupá, xi.1956 [1x, DZUP 317778], xii.1953 [1x, DZUP 317779], A. Maller, Coleção M.Alvarenga; (54) one specimen, Brasil, Santa Catarina , Corupá, x.1960, 60 m, Cr 57, DZUP 317777; (55) five specimens, Brasil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia, 27º11’B 52º23’L, 300-500 m, xi.1974, Fritz Plaumann; (56) twenty specimens, Brasil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia, 27º11’B 52º23’L, 300–500 m, xi.1980, Fritz Plauman, Calligrapha sp. [ DZUP 317843–317862]; (57) four specimens, Brasil, Santa Catarina , S. Bento do Sul (Rio Vermelho), xii.1983, Exc. Dep. Zool., UFPR, Dpto. Zool. UF-Paraná; (58) one specimen, Brasil, Santa Catarina , S. Bento do Sul (Rio Vermelho), 5.ix.1981, I. Rank leg., Dpto. Zool. UF-Paraná; (59) one specimen, Brasil, Santa Catarina , S. Bento do Sul (Rio Vermelho), 8.i.1986, Exc. Zoologia leg., Dpto. Zool. UF-Paraná; (60) three specimens, Brasil, São Paulo, Batatais, 7.i.1967 [2x, DZUP 317813–317814], 2.i.1968 [1x, Dpto. Zool. UF Paraná, DZUP 317816], Pe. J. Moure leg.; (61) six specimens, Brasil, São Paulo, Sa. Bocaina, São José do Barreiro, 4.xi.1965, 1500 m, F.M. Oliveira leg. [ DZUP 317834–317839]; (62) one specimen, Brasil, São Paulo, São Paulo, 16.x.1970, Moure & Milke; (63) one specimen, Brasil, São Paulo, São Carlos, x.1982,A. Varela F. leg., Dpto. Zool. UF-Paraná. EGRC: (1) one specimen, Brazil, Paraná, 10 mi W Guaraniaçu, 24.ii.1980, D.B. Thomas leg.; (2) one specimen, Brazil, Paraná, 20 mi S Pato Branco, 27.ii.1980, D.B. Thomas leg.; (3) one specimen, Brazil, Santa Catarina, 15 mi W Ponte Serrada, 1.iii.1980, D.B. Thomas leg., Calligrapha polyspila (Germ.) det. Daccordi’81. FSAC: (1) one specimen, Brazil, Calligrapha polyspila (Germ.) J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011; (2) two specimens, Brazil, Sao Paulo, 9.vi.1975, Calligrapha polyspila (Germ.) J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011. HNHM: (1) one specimen, Sao Paolo, 1986, C. polyspila det. Daccordi 1979; (2) one specimen, Santa Catarina , Hanse Humboldt [Corupá], C. polyspila det. Daccordi 1979; (3) five specimens, [ones with: Brasil m.], Brasilia, Calligrapha polyspila ; (4) six specimens, Amer. Mer., Brasilia, coll. Geitner, Calligrapha polyspila . JGZC: (1) six specimens, Brazil, PR, Areia Branca, BR280, 6 km S BR116, 2.i.1999, C.N. Duckett leg., Calligrapha polyspila (Germ.) J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2003; (2) one specimen, Brazil, Est[ância] Betânia, Colombo, 5.i.1999, C.N. Duckett leg., Callibrapha polyspila (Germ.) J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2003. MCZ: (1) one specimen, Sta. Cath., Brazil, i, H.C. Fall Collection, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. ; (2) three specimens, F.C. Bowditch Coll., Bra. [one with: Calligrapha polyspila Germ. ]; (3) four specimens, St. Catharina, Brazil; (4) two specimens, Brazil, St. Cath., Albuq. [one with: 92]; (5) one specimen, Río Janeiro; (6) seven specimens, Río de Janeiro [one with: Cal. polyspila Ger. ]; (7) one specimen, Collection of Frederick Allen Eddy, 334, São Paulo, 2.iii.1891, stand, Calligrapha polyspila ; (8) eight specimens, Blumenau, S.O. Brasilien, Reitter, [11 to 18]; (9) one specimen, Santos, Brasilien, 15.xii.1893, Dr. Brauns, Jacoby 2nd Coll.; (10) two specimens, Río Gr. d. Sul, Brazil; (11) one specimen, [Serra do] Caraça, Brazil, 294; (12) two specimens, Minas Geraes, Brazil; (13) three specimens, Espir. Santo, Brazil; (14) one specimen, Calligrapha polyspila Germar , Bahia; (15) four specimens, Brazil, Mrs. Munroe; (16) one specimen, Brazil; (17) three specimens, Brazil, 1st Jacoby Coll.; (18) one specimen, Brasil, jacoby 2nd; (19) three specimens, Coll. Nonfried, Brasilia, Jacoby 2nd Coll.; (20) two specimens, Bresil, Jacoby 2nd Coll. MfN: (1) one specimen, Rio Janeiro, Porto Allegre, [illegible], 71891, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. ; (2) one specimen, Sta. Cruz, Rio Jan., Dr. Hensel, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. ; (3) three specimens, Brasilien, Río de Janeiro, R. Colemann S.G.; (4) one specimen, N. Friburgo, 4.xii.1898; (5) one specimen, Petropolis, 11.xi.1898; (6) one specimen, Petropolis, 17.ii.1899; (7) one specimen, Apiahy [Apiaí], Krug., Calligrapha polyspila Germ. ; (8) one specimen, Brasilien, Pelotas, Rio G. do Sul, leg. C. Biezanko; (9) one specimen, Pelotas, 26.iii.1967, R.G. do Sul, Brasil, C.M. Biezanko leg.; (10) one specimen, Pelotas, Novembro 196..., R. G. do Sul, Brasil, J. Lucia Mantovani & Biezanko leg.; (11) one specimen, Brasilien, Santa Cruz de Sul, Rio Grande de Sul; (12) six specimens, Rio Grande do Sul (Bras.), Caracol b. Gramado, 850 m, Januar 1922, Dr. E. Schirmm; (13) one specimen, Rio Grande do Sul; (14) one specimen, Alto Río do Testo [Pomerode], Brasilien, Coll. Kessel, Polyspila polyspila ; (15) two specimens, S. Catharina, Theresopolis [Queçaba], Fruhstorfer 188[...] [one with: 1887]; (16) three specimens, S. Catharina, Rio Capivary, Fruhstorfer 1883 [2x], 1888 [1x]; (17) one specimen, Jtoupavacinha [Itoupavazinha], Sta. Catharina, Coll. Kessel , Polyspila polyspila ; (18) fourteen specimens, Brasilia, St. Catharina; (19) one specimen, St. Catherina, Brasilia ; (20) seven specimens, Brasilien, Porto Alegre, 20.xi.1928, Pio Buck S.G.; (21) one specimen, Porto Alegre, 20.xi.1928, 2; (22) four specimens, S. Brasilien, Sao Paulo, Exc. Dr. Studt G.; (23) four specimens, Brasilien, Sao Paulo; (24) two specimens, S. Paulo, Calligrapha polyspila, G. Schauer , Berlin; (25) one specimen, Brasilia, Zoolog. Garten, 3.Nov.1967, Jardim Zoologico de Brasilia, 3.xi.1967; (26) one specimen, Brasil, [...]fried; (27) five specimens, Brasilia, polyspila Germ. [4x of the series without data]; (28) eight specimens, Brasilien, Strobl G. [6x of the series without data]; (29) two specimens, Brasil, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. [1x without data]; (30) one specimen, Brasil; (31) one specimen, Brasil, 920, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. ; (32) one specimen, Brasil, Calligrapha polyspila ; (33) two specimens, Brasil [1x without data]; (34) six specimens, Brasil [one with: Dohrn; 2x without data]; (35) fourteen specimens, Brasilia; (36) four specimens, Brasilia [one with: Calligr. polyspila Germ. ]; (37) three specimens, Brasilien, Dr. Will [one with: Polyspila polyspila Germ. ]; (38) one specimen, Brasil, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. det. E. Ross, Berlin; (39) six specimens, Brasilien [5x of the series without data]; (40) one specimen, Brasilien, J.V.; (41) one specimen, Blumenau, Bras., Müller; (42) two specimens, Brasilien, Blumenau, leg. Dr. Müller. NHM: (1) one specimen, Rio Janeiro, H. Swale 1913-117, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. ; (2) four specimens, Rio Janeiro, H.E. Andrewes Bequest B.M. 1922-221 [one with: Calligrapha polyspila Germ. ]; (3) one specimen, Rio Janeiro, Andrewes Bequest B.M. 1922-221; (4) eight specimens, Fry, Rio Jan, Fry Coll. 1905.100 [one with: 1958]; (5) one specimen, Sao Paulo, Brazil, G.E. Bryant, 26.ii.1912, G. Bryant Coll. 1919-147; (6) one specimen, Weir, San Paulo, Fry Coll. 1905-100; (7) one specimen, San Paulo, Fry Coll. 1900.100; (8) one specimen, S. Paulo, Fry Coll. 1905.100; (9) one specimen, S. Cathar., Baly Coll.; (10) two specimens, Sta. Catharina, Brazil, Capt. King, Capt. King 1863-43, 63/43 [one with: Nr. 6]; (11) one specimen, Petropolis, Feb.y 1857, 67-56; (12) two specimens, Brazil, Pelotas, R.G.S., 3.iv.1961 [one with: 1962], C.M. Biezanko, B.M. 1962-349, Pelotas 3 Abr. 1961, R.G. do Sul - Brasil, C.M. Biezanko leg.; (13) one specimen, Brazil, R.G.S., Pelotas, 31.xii.1956, C.M. Biezanko, B.M. 1960-3, Polyspila polyspila Germar, C. Biezanko det.; (14) thirty-six specimens, Brazil, Pelotas, 28.xii.44, C.M. Biezanko, B.M. 1951-634 [one with: Polyspila polyspila G.E. Bryant det. 1954]; (15) nine specimens, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Pelotas, 26.xii.1961, C.M. Biezanko, B.M. 1952-89; (16) one specimen, Brazil, Pelotas, 25.xi.1951, C.M. Biezanko, B.M. 1952-32; (17) twenty-six specimens, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Pelotas, 11.i.1952, C.M. Biezanko, BM1952-89, Polyspila polyspila (Germ. 1821) A. Harman det. 2004; (18) one hundred and five specimens in pinned capsules, Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Pelotas, 11.i.1952, C.M. Biezanko, B.M. 1952-89; (19) one specimen, S. Brazil,?Rio Grande, C. 1880, Dimes, B.M. 1966-8; (20) six specimens, South Brazil, Castro, Parana, E. Dukinfield Jones, 1919-356; (21) three specimens, Bahia, Fry Coll. 1905.100; (22) one specimen, 1599, Brazil, Bahia, Dr. G. Bondar, Pres. by Imp. Inst. Ent. Brit. Mus. 1930-555, Polyspila polyspila Germ. Det. G.E. Bryant ; (23) one specimen, Ex Tabebina aff. chrysotrichia, Brazil, Samta Catarina, 900m., Reitz & Klein, B.M. 1978-9; (24) one specimen, Baly Coll., Calligrapha polyspila Germ. Brazil; (25) four specimens, Brazil, Bowring 63-47*; (26) one specimen, E. Coll. Laferté, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. Brasil; (27) three specimens, S. America, Brazil, Pascoe Coll. 93-60 [one with: Calligrapha polyspila Germ. ]; (28) one specimen, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. Brasil, E.Y. Western Coll., B.M. 1924-176; (29) four specimens, Brazil, E.Y. Western Coll., B.M. 1924-176; (30) two specimens, Brazil, Andrewes Bequest B.M. 1922-221; (31) one specimen, Brazil, Calligrapha polyspila Germ., E.Y. Western Coll., B.M. 1924-176. NHMB: (1) three specimens, Sü. Am., São Bernardo [one with: Calligrapha polyspila Germ. J. Bechyné det. 1951]; (2) fifteen specimens, Brasilien, E. Santo, Tirol, Miss.-Museum, Steyl; (3) twenty-eight specimens, Brasilien, E. Santo, [Santa] Izabel, Miss.-Museum, Steyl; (4) ten specimens, Brasilien, Esp. Santo, Miss.-Museum, Steyl; (5) one specimen, Muri [Mury], Est. do Rio, 1000 m, Brasil, 27.xii.1949, W. Wittmer; (6) five specimens, Ytatiaya [Itatiaia], R. d. Janeiro; (7) twenty-three specimens, P.N. Itatiaia, Est. Río de Jan., 26.xii.1953, Alvarenga leg. [one with: Calligrapha polyspila (Germ.) J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2010]; (8) one specimen, Imbariê, Duque de Caxias, Río de Jan., Bras., 5.ix.1961, leg. M. Alvarenga, Calligrapha polyspila (Germ.) J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2010; (9) one specimen, Brasilia, Theresopolis, F. Schneider; (10) one specimen, Brasilia, Theresopolis, Sammlung Stöcklein; (11) four specimens, Theresopolis [Queçaba], St. Cathar.; (12) four specimens, Bra., Est. S. Catarina, Hansa [Corupá]; (13) three specimens, Bras., Sta. Catarina, Hansa [Corupá]; (14) one specimen, Hansa Humboldt [Corupá], Sta. Catharina, Brasilien, Reitter; (15) five specimens, Hansa Humboldt [Corupá], Sta. Catharina, Brasilien, Reitter, Cr. H. 10; (16) one specimen, Hansa Humboldt [Corupá], Sta. Catharina, Brasilien, Reitter, Cr. 430, H. 11.34; (17) one specimen, N. Teutonia, Bras., Santa Catarina, 17.ix.1956, Plaumann; (18) one specimen, Brasilien, Nova Teutonia, 27º11’8 52º23’1, 7.iv.1931, Fritz Plaumann; (19) fifty specimens, N. Teutonia, Bras., Santa Catarina, 11.x.1950 [1x], 5.xi.1950 [1x], 8.xi.1950 [5x], 9.xi.1950 [10x], 10.xi.1950 [1x], 11.xi.1950 [9x], 14.xi.1950 [5x], 16.xi.1950 [3x], 24.xi.1950 [6x], 1.xii.1950 [2x], 5.xii.1950 [6x], 10.iv.1951 [1x], Plaumann; (20) one specimen, Blumenau, Sª Catharina, x.1886, H. Schenk; (21) five specimens, Blumenau, Brasil; (22) one specimen, São Bento, Sa. Catharina, xi.1886, H. Schenk; (23) one specimen, St. Catharina, Brasil; (24) one specimen, St. Catharina; (25) one specimen, 27/1003, Sta. Catar.; (26) one specimen, Brasil, Sta. Catarina, Camboriú , ii.1960, K.E. Hüdepohl; (27) five specimens, Brasil, Jouanville, 1918, leg. Anneler [one with: Calligrapha polyspila det. Daccordi ‘79]; (28) fifty-two specimens, Brasilien, Itapiranga, Santa Catarina, ix.1952 [5x], ii.1953 [37x], ix.1953 [10x]; (29) four specimens, Guarujá, S. Paulo, ix.1938, Dr. Nick; (30) one specimen, Est. São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Fazenda Dumont, Secção Sobrado D.B., ix.1927, [illegible]; (31) one specimen, Ribeirão Preto, Faz. Dumont, 15.iv.1927, O.C. [illegible]; (32) two specimens, Cantareira, São Paulo, 17.xii.1937, Friedr. Tippmann, Wien; (33) six specimens, São Paulo, Brasil; (34) one specimen, São Paulo, Brasil; (35) seven specimens, Serra da Bocaina, S. Paulo, Bras., 1500 m., xi.1965 [one with: Calligrapha polyspila (Germ.) J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2010]; (36) one specimen, Pelotas, Brasil; (37) one specimen, Süd-Brasil, Parana; (38) one specimen, Brasilien, Parana; (39) one specimen, Parana, Brasilien, Heyne, Berlin-Wilm.; (40) twelve specimens, Brasilien, Paraná, Miss.-Museum, Steyl; (41) seven specimens, Nov. Teutonia, Rio Grand. d. Sul; (42) five specimens, Brésil, R. G. du Sud, 1931, Marcellino Ramos; (43) one specimen, R.G.S.-Bras., Parecy [Pareci] Novo, Padre P. Buck, S.J. coll. x.1945; (44) one specimen, Brasilien, Rio Grde. do Sul, Porto Alegre, ix.1959, K.E. Hüdepohl; (45) one specimen, Rio Grde. do Sul, Torres, i.1959, K.E. Hüdepohl; (46) one specimen, Brasilien, Rio Grde. do Sul, Gramado, viii.1960, K.E. Hüdepohl; (47) five specimens, Brasilien, Minas Geraes, Miss.-Museum, Steyl; (48) one specimen, Petropolis, Bras., 5.vi.1972, E. Mattheis, Calligrapha polyspila det. Daccordi ‘78; (49) one specimen, Coll. Nonfried, Brasilia, Erwerb 1955, Coll. Brancsik; (50) one specimen, Süd Brasil; (51) two specimens, Brasilien; (52) one specimen, Brasilien, H. Schenck; (53) twelve specimens, Süd-Brasil; (54) three specimens, Brasilien, Miss.-Mus., Steyl; (55) thirteen specimens, Brasilien; (56) three specimens, Brasilien, Alte Museums-Sammlung; (57) five specimens, Brasilien, Sammlung G. Schneider Museumsverein; (58) nine specimens, Calligrapha polyspila Germ., S.F. Paula , i.1955, Museu Anchieta, P. Alegre. NMCZ: (1) one specimen, Rio Janeiro, polyspila Germ. J. Achard det., Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (2) one specimen, Rio Janeiro, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (3) one specimen, Brésil, Mendés á 92 kil. De Rio de Janeiro, Collection Le Moult; (4) one specimen, Petropolis, Calligrapha polyspila, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense ; (5) one specimen, polyspila, Thérésop. ; (6) one specimen, Itatiaya-Maromba 1100m, 4.i.1925, J.F. Zikón; (7) two specimens, Brésil, État de Sao Paulo, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (8) two hundred and ninety-six specimens, Sao Paulo, Bras., Mráz lgt. Mus. Pragense; (9) one specimen, Sao Paulo; (10) one specimen, Sao Paolo, Brasilia; (11) three specimens, Sao Paulo, 1923, Brasilia, Mráz, Coll. Ing. Jedlitka; (12) five specimens, Jatahy, Goyas, Brés., Coll.Achard Mus. Pragense; (13) two specimens,Amazonas, Rio Tocantins, Cametá, J.F. Zikón; (14) two specimens, [Serra do] Caraça, Minas Gerais, Brésil, E. Gounelle 1.ii.1885, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense [one with: polyspila Germ. J. Achard det.]; (15) one specimen [HOLOTYPE of Polyspila polyspila var. bilineolata Achard, 1924 ], R. Grande do Sul, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (16) one specimen, Rio Grande do Sul, Marcelino Ramos, P.F.S. Pereira 12 ’29; (17) one specimen, N. Teutonia, R. G. do Sul, N.M. lav. No. 89, ex. coll. E. Ross; (18) two specimens, Snt. Catherine, Brasil, Coll. R. Král; (19) one specimen, Sta. Catharina, Coll. R. Král ; (20) one specimen, St. Catherina, coll. Ross Berlin, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. ; (21) one specimen, V. Frič, Praha, Calligrapha polyspila, St. Cath. ; (22) eleven specimens, Brazil, Santa Catarina, Nova Teutonia, 20.ix.1948, Fritz Plaumann leg. [one with: Calligrapha polyspila (Germar) J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2009]; (23) one specimen, Brasilien, Nova Teutonia, Fritz Plaumann, nº821, 23.x.34; (24) one specimen, Salom, St. Catharina, Brasilie ; (25) four specimens, Brasilia, Coll. Nickerl Mus. Pragense [one with: Calligrapha polyspila Grm. Bras. ]; (26) one specimen, Brasilia, Coll. R. Král; (27) five specimens, Coll. Nonfried, Brasilia; (28) two specimens, Brasilien, E.A. Böttcher, Berlin; (29) one specimen, Brasilia, Pl[…]; (30) one specimen, Brasilia; (31) one specimen, Calligrapha polyspila, Brasilia ; (32) three specimens, Brasilien; (33) one specimen, Brasilia, Coll. R. Knél; (34) one specimen, Coll. R. Knél, Brasilien; (35) one specimen, Brasilia, Calligrapha polyspila ; (36) two specimens, polyspila (Germ.) Bresil, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (37) one specimen, Brés. X, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (38) one specimen, Bresil, polyspila var. J. Achard det., Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense. NMNH: (1) one specimen, Brazil, Curitiba, PA, 16 oct. 1990, R.F.W. Schroder; (2) one specimen, Curitiba, 900 m, Paraná, Brasil, 29.x.1967, Dept. Zoo. leg., Calligrapha polyspila (Germar) ; (3) one specimen, Curitiba, PR, Brasil, 24.ii.966, Vinatto Bral.; (4) two specimens, Brazil, Parana, nr. Curitiba, 9.i.1963, B.E. Cochran; (5) two specimens, Parana State, Brazil, coll. by Schmittou ‘29, colln. G.L. Harrington; (6) three specimens, Paraná, Curitiba, xi.41, R. Lange leg., F. Monrós collection 1959; (7) one specimen, Porto Alegre, Brazil, iii.4.’39, P.A. Berry; (8) two specimens [male and female], Cabuçú, S. Paulo, ix.1938, J. Halik, [10214 and 10215], Polyspila polyspila Germ., J. Guerin det. 1942, Brasil Halik 1966 Collection; (9) one specimen, C. [Campos do] Jordão, S. Paulo, 14.x.1959, J. Halik, 13578, Polyspila polyspila Germ., Halik det. 1959, Brasil Halik 1966 Collection; (10) one specimen, Cantareira, São Paulo, xi.1962, J. Halik, 22309, Polyspila polyspila Germ. Halik det. 1962, Brasil Halik 1966 Collection; (11) seven specimens, Cantareira, São Paulo, 18.viii.1964, J. Halik, [27527-27532, 27543], Polyspila polyspila Germ. Halik det. 1964, Brasil Halik 1966 Collection; (12) two specimens, Cantareira, São Paulo, 25.viii.1963, J. Halik, [23131, 23132], Polyspila polyspila Germ. Halik det. 1963, Brasil Halik 1966 Collection; (13) two specimens, Campos Jordão, S. Paulo, xii.1942, Hobek, [6341, 12013], Polyspila polyspila Germ. Halik det. 1943, Brasil Halik 1966 Collection; (14) one specimen, Rio Cubatão, São Paulo, 13.x.1963, J. Halik, 24324, Polyspila polyspila Germ. Halik det. 1963, Brasil Halik 1966 Collection; (15) one specimen, from A.A. Barbiellini, São Paulo, 20, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. ; (16) one specimen, S. Antonio, Est. de Sao Paulo, Braz., i.20.41, H.L. Parker; (17) one specimen, Dest. Gantus, Tupa, S.P., 10.ii.1983, J.S. Pinto; (18) one specimen, Muri [Mury], Est. do Rio, Bras., 1000 m, 29.i.952, W. Wittmer, F. Monros Collection 1959; (19) two specimens, Brasil, Santa Catharina, Blumenau , 15.i.953, coll. Wittmer, F. Monrós Collection 1959; (20) one specimen, Corupa, S.C., Brasil, xi.1962, Polyspila polyspila Germ. ; (21) three specimens, Brasilien, Nova Teutonia, 7º11’B 52º23’L, Fritz Plaumann 193[...], F. Monrós Collection 1959; (22) one specimen, Lambory [Lambari], M. Geraes, xi.1924, J. Halik, 7305, Polyspila polyspila Germ., J. Guerin det. 942, Brasil Halik 1966 Collection; (23) two specimens, Lambory [Lambari], M. Geraes, xi.1926, J. Halik, [1686/male and 1687/female], Polyspila polyspila Germ., J. Guerin det. 942, Brasil Halik 1966 Collection; (24) one specimen, V. Monte Verde, M. Geraes, 3.xii.1961, J. Halik, 17404, Polyspila polyspila Germ. Halik det. 1961, Brasil Halik 1966 Collection; (25) one specimen, Canoas, Rio Gr. do Sul, i.1962, 18335, Polyspila polyspila Germ. Halik det. 1962, Brasil Halik 1966 Collection; (26) one specimen, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande, Brazil, iii.10.’39, P.A. Berry; (27) one specimen, Brazil, Pelotas, R.G. do Sul, 4.iii.1959, Biezanko, Polyspila polyspila Germar det. C. Biezanko; (28) two specimens, Brazil, Pelotas, R. G. do Sul, 1.vi.1958 [1x], 27.i.1959 [1x], C. Biezanko; (29) one specimen, Pelotas, 29.vii.51, C. Biezanko leg.; (30) one specimen, Sida rhombifolia , Brasil, bridge over Rio Grande do Sul, Feb. 10, 1975; (31) nine specimens, Brazil, Pelotas, May 1954, C. Biezanko [one with: Calligrapha polyspila (Germ.) J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011]; (32) one specimen, Brésil, gift of F.C. Bowditch, gift ex MCZ dupl. series. NRM: (1) one specimen, Rio Jan., E. Schlb.; (2) one specimen, Brasil, Areias; (3) one specimen, Paraná, Dusén; (4) six specimens, Brasilien, Minas Geraes, S. da Caparaò, 800–2000 met., Lange-Larsson [one specimen with: Calligrapha polyspila Germ., J. Bechyné det. 1966]; (5) two specimens, Porto Alegre, Malme; (6) one specimen, Brasil, Schh.; (7) two specimens, Brasil, Tarnier; (8) one specimen, polyspila Germ. Brasil; (9) one specimen, Brasil, Boheman; (10) one specimen, Brasil, Skoerlborg; (11) one specimen, Brasil, 1833. OSAC: (1) one specimen, São Leopoldo, ii.1958. OUMNH: (1) one specimen, Brasil, From the Brit. Mus. duplicates pres. 1899; (2) three specimens, Ashmol. Mus., Brazil C.; (3) one specimen, Br., Named 1899 by M. Jacoby, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. ; (4) one specimen, 7659, Rº Janº, 1958, Miers Coll., Presented 1880 by J.W. Miers, Named 1899 by M. Jacoby, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. ; (5) one specimen, polysphila G., C. Br.; (6) two specimens, Rio. RBINS: (1) three specimens, Rio Janeiro, C. Hygin Furey; (2) one specimen, Brasil, de Lacerda; (3) two specimens, Brasil, Santa Catarina, 1893, Ach. Geilenkeuser; (4) one specimen, Brasil, Bahia, de Lacerda; (5) one specimen, Brasil, Bahia, Coll. Chapuis; (6) one specimen, Thereysopolis; (7) five specimens, Brasil, De Segueira; (8) two specimens, Brasil, Roelofs; (9) one specimen, Brasil, Coll. J. Muller; (10) seven specimens, Brasil. ZSM: (1) three specimens, Brasil, Bahia, Porto Seguro, 20.i.1987, leg. Schmid-Egger; (2) two specimens, Süd Brasil, Parana, Staatssammlung München 1975 Erwerb Coll. Machatschke; (3) twenty-eight specimens, Cruz Alta, Rio Gr. do Sul, coll. Fr. Martin [one with: Calligrapha polyspila Hope det. Dr. J. Bechyné 1949]; (4) one specimen, R. Grande do Sul; (5) two specimens, Brasil, R.G.S., Pelotas, ii.1955 [1x], iv.1955 [1x], leg. C. Bízanko, Polyspila polyspila Germ. det. Knause 1955 , Staatssammlung München 1975 Erwerb Coll. Machatschke; (6) two specimens, Brasilien, Porto Alegre, 20.xi.1928, Pio Buck S.G., Staatssammlung München 1975 Erwerb Coll. Machatschke; (7) two specimens, Brasilien, R.S., Viamao, 15.ix.1985, lg. E. Scherer; (8) one specimen, Süd Brasil, Lucena, Staatssammlung München 1975 Erwerb Coll. Machatschke; (9) one specimen, Hansa Humboldt [Corupá], S. Cath., Brasil, Schauer Berlin, Polyspila polyspila Germ. Machatschke 1951 , Staatssammlung München 1975 Erwerb Coll. Machatschke; (10) one specimen, Rio Negrinho, Brasilien, G. Schauer, Berlin, Staatssammlung München 1975 Erwerb Coll. Machatschke; (11) one specimen, Sa. Catarina, Staatssammlung München 1975 Erwerb Coll. Machatschke ; (12) six specimens, Brasilien, Pinheira, 15 km S Florianópolis, 25.ii.2000, leg. S. & B. Bembé; (13) one specimen, Brasilien, Armaçao, Ilha de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis , 5.xii.2000, leg. S. & B. Bembé; (14) one specimen, São Paulo; (15) one specimen, Brasilien, S. Paulo, Ubatuba, 23.xi.1933, M. Vege S.G., Staatssammlung München 1975 Erwerb Coll. Machatschke; (16) two specimens, Brasilien, Umg. Sao Paulo; (17) one specimen, São Paulo, xi.1937, leg. C.R. Fischer, Staatssammlung München 1975 Erwerb Coll. Machatschke; (18) one specimen, Brasil, polyspila; (19) one specimen, Brasilia, Calligrapha polyspila Dg. ; (20) four specimens, Brasilien, ex Coll. Frieser [one with: Calligrapha polyspila ]; (21) one specimen, Brasilia, J. Weise, Calligrapha polyspila Germ., Staatssammlung München 1975 Erwerb Coll. Machatschke ; (22) one specimen, Brasil, Staatssammlung München 1975 Erwerb Coll. Machatschke; (23) two specimens, Brasilien [one with: Calligrapha polyspila Germ. ]; (24) one specimen, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. , Brasil.

CHILE

MfN: (1) one specimen, Chile, Concepción. EL SALVADOR

NHMB: (1) thirty-four specimens, El Salvador, San Salvador, 28.x.1959 [one with: Museu Anchieta, P. Alegre, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. ] .

GUYANA

RBINS: (1) one specimen, Guyana, P. Mabile .

MEXICO

HNHM: (1) two specimens, Mexico, coll. Geitner, polyspila Germ. ; (2) two specimens, Mexico, coll. E. Frivaldszky, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. MCZ : (1) one specimen, Mexico, Reitter, 223. MfN: (1) one specimen, Mexico. NHM: (1) one specimen, E. Coll. Laferté, Mexico. NMCZ: (1) thirteen specimens, Mus. Pragense Coll. Brýdl, Orizaba, Mexico [one with: Calligrapha polyspila J. Achard det.].

NEW GUINEA

NMNH: (1) two specimens, Nov. Guinea, from Van Roon 1925.

PARAGUAY

EGRC: (1) seven specimens, Paraguay , Paraguari, 9 km SE Ybicuí, 12.i.1983, E.G. Riley leg. HNHM: (1) two specimens, Paraguay, Puerto P. Stroessner (Nr. P. 9) [ Ciudad del Este ], 26–28.xii.1965, Hungarian Soil-Zool. Exp., leg. Mahunka, C. polyspila det. Daccordi 1979 . MCZ: (1) two specimens, Buena Vista, Parag., 3.ii, Donald Wees Collector ; (2) one specimen, Puerto Bertoni, Paraguay . MfN: (1) one specimen, Paraguai, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. NMNH : (1) two specimens, Paraguay, Sapucay [Sapucai], 11.ix.07, Podtiaguin, F. Monrós Collection 1959 .

PERU

MfN: (1) one specimen, Peru [illegible]. NHMB: (1) one specimen, Peru, Satipo, 26.vii.1937, Calligrapha polyspila (Germ.) J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2010 .

PORTUGAL

NHMB: (1) one specimen, Muséum Paris, Açores, Fayal , Horta, L. Chopard, ix.1930, Aout . NMNH: (1) one specimen, Azores, Faial, Pedro Miguel , 50–100 m, 15.vii.1972, N.L.H. Krauss . NRM: (1) three specimens,Azorena, Fayal, 7/39, K. Byströn .

URUGUAY

FSAC: (1) one specimen, Uruguay, Colonia, km 184 on Ruta 21, Paso de la Arena, 29.xii.1983, G.J. Wibmer leg.; (2) five specimens, Uruguay, Colonia, Playa Arenisca, 15.xii.1985, G.J. Wibmer leg. HNHM: (1) seven specimens, Uruguay, Solymar, i.1978, W.D. Rovera, Calligrapha polyspila (Germ.) det. W.D. Rovera; (2) six specimens, Uruguay, Minas, i.1980, W.D. Rovera, Calligrapha polyspila (Germ.) det. W.D. Rovera. JGZC: (1) eight specimens, Uruguay, Rocha, xii.1996, E. Petitpierre leg., Calligrapha polyspila (Germ.) J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2003. MfN: (1) two specimens, Uruguay, Dolores, Brener; (2) two specimens, MteVideo [1x of the series without data]. NHM: (1) eight specimens, Uruguay, Montevideo, Dr. Cameron, Brit. Mus. 1934-56; (2) five specimens, Monte Video, G.C. Pool, M. Cameron Coll. B.M. 1936-555; (3) fourteen specimens, Monte Video, Uruguay, C.J.C. Pool 1908-31.

NMNH: (1) six specimens, unknown plant, Montevideo, Urug., SAP 665 Lett., iii.23.’42, H.L. Parker; (2) twentythree specimens, Rivera, Uruguay, ii.27.’39, P.A. Berry; (3) one specimen, Colonia Suiza, Uruguay, on Fig., Jan. 15, 1932, Kisliuk + C.E. Cooley, R+C Uruguay No. 48, Calligrapha polyspila (Germ.) HSB 1932 ; (4) one specimen, Colonia Suiza [Nueva Helvetia], Uruguay, on Fig., Jan 15, 1932, Kisliuk + C.E. Cooley, R+C Uruguay No. 48, Calligrapha polyspila (Germ.) HSB 1932 ; (5) one specimen, Montevideo, Uruguay, A. Filipone Collector; (6) three specimens, Montevideo, Uruguay, A. Filipone 1921; (7) one specimen, Montevideo; (8) six specimens, No. 889, Montevideo, So. Amer. Paras. Lab., Date xii.14.43, Host Sida sp. Berry; (9) two specimens, No. 896, So. Amer. Paras. Lab., Date xi.20.43, Berry; (10) four specimens, No. 903, Montevideo, So. Amer. Paras. Lab., Date xii.15.43 [1x], xii.16.43 [3x], Berry; (11) two specimens, No. 904, Montevideo, So. Amer. Paras. Lab., Date xi.18.43, Berry; (12) one specimen, Montevideo Uruguay to Salto & Concordia Arg., sweeping and at light, 6-14.iii.’40, SAP no. 67, H.L. Parker; (13) one specimen, Urug., D. Colonia, Playa Arenisca, 10.xii.1978, G.J. & Z.A. Wibmer, exchange with C.W. O’Brien. NRM: (1) one specimen, Montevideo; (2) one specimen, Montevideo, Kinb. OUMNH: (1) one specimen, Calligrapha polyspila, Montevid., Coll. Baden-Sommer , ex V. d. Poll Pres. 1911, E.B. Poulton. RBINS: (1) three specimens, Montevideo, Coll. Chapuis. ZSM: (1) five specimens, Uruguay.

UNKNOWN

DZUP: (1) one specimen, A6. HNHM: (1) three specimens, California, Berkeley, C. polyspila det. Daccordi 1979; (2) two specimens, Patria?, coll. Geitner, Calligrapha polyspila . MCZ: (1) three specimens, Ziegler [two with: polyspila Grm., Bra. ?]; (2) two specimens, Melsh.; (3) one specimen, 500; (4) three specimens, Collection of Frederick Allen Eddy; (5) two specimens, [no data]. MfN: (1) twenty-seven specimens, [no data]; (2) one specimen, 993. NHM: (1) two specimens, E. Coll. Thomson, 67-56; (2) two specimens, S. America, Brit. Mus. 1929-38; (3) three specimens, S. America B.M. 1961-698; (4) one specimen, S. America, H.E. Andrewes Bequest B.M. 1922- 221; (5) one specimen, Calligrapha polysgramma Germar, S. America, H. Swale 1913-117; (6) one specimen, Am. mer., Sharp Coll. 1905-313; (7) one specimen, Sharp Coll. 1905-313; (8) one specimen, E. Gowing-Scopes Collection BMNH(E)2005-4. NHMB: (1) two specimens, Cr. 430, M. 12; (2) one specimen, Cr. 430, M. 1; (3) one specimen, Cr. M. 3; (4) one specimen, Cr. 354, He. 10; (5) one specimen, 9.iii.1969, Olivos, Protomastro. NMCZ: (1) one specimen, Piquete, 11.i.28, MN; (2) four specimens, Coll. Achard Mus. Pragense; (3) ten specimens, [no data]; (4) one specimen, Amer. mer.; (5) eight specimens, 25/41, 9/927, 4/146, 4/981 to 4/985; (6) one specimen, Calligrapha polyspila . NMNH: (1) six specimens, gift of F.C. Bowditch, gift ex MCZ dupl. series; (2) seven specimens, [no data]. NRM: (1) one specimen, Chrysomela polyspila Westerman ; (2) one specimen, Amer. bor., Schh. OUMNH: (1) twenty-six specimens [most likely from Montevideo, Uruguay], Coll. Baden-Sommer, ex V. d. Poll Press 1911, E.B. Poulton [two with: Calligrapha polyspila Grm. det. M. Daccordi 2008 ; one with: Calligrapha polyspila (Germ.) J. Gómez-Zurita det. 2011]; (2) two specimens, Calligrapha polyspila ; (3) two specimens, [no data]; (4) three specimens, Miers Coll., Presented 1880 by J.W. Miers; (5) one specimen, Named 1897 by M. Jacoby, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. ; (6) one specimen, Named 1898 by M. Jacoby, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. ; (7) five specimens, Named 1899 by M. Jacoby, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. ; (8) two specimens, Named 1899 by M. Jacoby, Calligrapha polyspila Germ., Miers Coll. Pres. 1880 by J.W. Miers; (9) one specimen, Named 1899 by M. Jacoby, Calligrapha polyspila Germ., Miers coll. , 450; (10) one specimen, Coll. Miers, Named 1899 by M. Jacoby, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. ; (11) five specimens, Tylden coll., formed by Rev. W. Tylden, M.A. abt. 1841–1875, Pres. ‘75 by Mrs. E.C. Tylden; (12) one specimen, 6.12.25, Named 1899 by M. Jacoby, Calligrapha polyspila Germ., Verified in B.M., 7.xii.1904, E.B.P., 6.xii.1925, Burchell Collection; (13) two specimens, Miers Coll.; (14) one specimen, D. Sharp., Br.?, Named by M. Jacoby, Calligrapha polyspila Germ., W ; (15) one specimen, Wilson, Named 1899, by M. Jacoby, Calligrapha polyspila Germ. ; (16) four specimens, [no data]. RBINS: (1) one specimen, S. Am.; (2) one specimen, Pennsylvania, 1920; (3) one specimen, Dr. A. Breyer; (4) two specimens, De Segueira; (5) three specimens, Coll. Chapuis; (6) four specimens, Coll. De Borre; (7) one specimen, Coll. Duvivier; (8) five specimens, Coll. J. Muller; (9) six specimens, Coll. H. D’Udekem d’Acoz; (10) six specimens, [no data]. ZSM: (1) four specimens, [no data]; (2) one specimen, Tanganjika, Conrads, Calligrapha polyspila Grm. det. Daccordi 74, Fundort Tanganjika.

Variation. The characteristic elytral pattern of this species is rather constant, the same as coloration, although, in some specimens, the dark parts can have a greenish, purplish, cupreous or almost black tinge. Teneral individuals, like one of the specimens in the syntype series, have brownish markings without metallic sheen, and this lack of dark metallic reflection can reveal the brownish background, even on the entire pronotum (e.g., one specimen from the National Park of Itatiaia, in Rio de Janeiro, NHMB). The subsutural stripe nearly always has a detached basal spot, which in a few occasions has been described as a dot-like spot. However, in some rare instances, this basal spot of the subsutural stripe can be connected narrowly with the median portion of the stripe; this abnormal trait has been observed affecting both elytra in a low number of specimens (e.g., some specimens possibly from Montevideo in the OUMNH collection), but when it is present, it typically affects only one elytron (e.g., another of the specimens in the series from the National Park of Itatiaia, in Rio de Janeiro, NHMB). The median part of the subsutural stripe is free from the sutural stripe, or mostly so, in very few specimens. This is the phenotype described by Achard (1923c) as Polyspila polyspila var. bilineolata , the holotype of which has been identified as part of this work ( Fig. 1d ). This taxon was considered valid in accounts as recent as Blackwelder (1946) or Bechyné (1952), the latter under the treatment of aberration (ab.), which is accurate and prompts formal synonymization: Calligrapha polyspila (Germar) = Polyspila polyspila var. bilineolata Achard, 1923 syn. nov. In some specimens, there is only a slight narrowing of the area between the median and apical parts of the subsutural stripe, a discontinuity that can be absent altogether. Confluence of elytral marking is very rare in this species, but it can occur in several ways: free basal spot of subsutural stripe laterally connected with spot enclosed by humeral lunule; second marginal spot of the additional spots confluent with large discal spot; apex of the humeral lunule or of the spot enclosed by lunule merging with the basal spot of the arcuate band; apex of humeral lunule with discal spot; the humeral spot with apical spot of humeral lunule; large discal spot with apex of posterior spot of arcuate band; or the two median discal spots connected as a transverse marking. One particular fussion pattern worth highlighting is that displayed by two specimens from Huerta Grande ( Argentina), part of the ZSM collection, which show their humeral spot and spots of humeral lunule fused in a way reminiscent of the humeral marking of the close relative C. matronalis Erichson. In one possibly teratological specimen (from São Paulo, Mraz Coll., NMCZ), the left elytron has markings with irregular borders, most connected as a single irregular longitudinal discal margin, while the right elytron looks normal; two specimens from the same series have their subsutural stripe continuous from base to apex, one of them showing confluence of this stripe with the median discal spot, apex of the arcuate band and spot of the apical declivity. This kind of irregular large markings, prompted Achard (1923b) to describe a new variation, Polyspila polyspila var. plagata , which actually represents unusual, taxonomically meaningless variation within the species ( Fig. 1c ). As with the previous taxon described by Achard, this name has been retained in catalogues, although it requires formal synonymization: Calligrapha polyspila (Germar) = Polyspila polyspila var. plagata Achard, 1923 syn. nov.

Distribution. Calligrapha polyspila (Germar) has a huge range ( Fig. 3 ). It is distributed from southern localities in the states of Bahia and Goiás in eastern Brazil to the provinces of Córdoba and northern Buenos Aires in Argentina, where the humid pampas bound its distribution to the south. The species is also present in Uruguay and in southern Paraguay. This species shows one of the few cases of allopatry among Calligrapha , separated from the range of any other species by the vast dry areas east of the Andes, represented by the Dry Chaco to the south and Chiquitano Dry Forests (World Wildlife Fund (WWF) update to Olson et al. 2001). Calligrapha polyspila occurs in humid savannas south of Brazil (Espinal, Paraná flooded savanna, Uruguayan savanna, Southern cone Mesopotamiam savanna) to large eastern Brazilian biomes (Alto Parana Atlantic forests, Atlantic coast restinga, Serra do Mar coastal forests, southeast of Cerrado, and Bahia coastal forests; WWF update to Olson et al. 2001). However, within its vast distribution in sourthern Brazil, the species appears to be absent from humid mountainous biomes such as the Araucaria moist and the Bahia interior forests. Presuming this apparent distribution to be correct, there are specimens from two localities in the NMCZ collection that may be erroneously labeled (or identification slipups): one is Puca Pampa, in the Argentinian province of Jujuy, opposite to the vast extension of the Dry Chaco, and the other is the town of Cametá, by the river Tocantins in the Amazon Basin, north of the Brazilian state of Pará. Besides its natural range, C. polyspila has been known to occur in the Açores Islands for a long time, where it was perhaps introduced with one of its hosts, Sida rhombifolia L. ( Méquignon 1935), and it must have been accidentally imported into Australia, based on the record shown by Reid (2006), and New Guinea, based on the specimens reported here and part of the NMNH Smithsonian collection. The latter, considering its source, shall be considered only tentatively: Dutch entomologist Gerrit Van Roon had collected beetles in New Guinea and other islands in Southeast Asia (e.g., Van Roon 1907), but he had collected also in Brazil, specifically in the São Paulo area (e.g., Aurivillius 1922), where C. polyspila is common, which opens up the possibility of mislabeled specimens. However, any records from the Andean region, and let alone Central America, are undoubtedly erroneous.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Dorsal and lateral views of the lectotype of Calligrapha polyspila (Germar) (a), the holotype of C. matronalis Erichson (b), and dorsal views of the holotypes of Polypsila polyspila var. plagata Achard (c) and P. polyspila var. bilineolata Achard (d). Scale = 5.0 mm.

FIGURE 2. Dorsal (apex), ventral and lateral views of the penises of Calligrapha polyspila (Germar) (a), C. matronalis Erichson (b), C. melasomina Bechyné (c), C. multiplagata (Achard) (d), C. multiplagata cochabambana Bechyné (e), and C. billbergi Stål (f). Scale = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 3. Distribution of Calligrapha polyspila (Germar) (black circles) and of C. multiplagata (Achard) (white circles). Gray circles denote localities where specimens consistent with the types of C. melasomina Bechyné and C. multiplagata cochabambana Bechyné have been recorded.