Ceruchus sinensis Nagel, 1933

Huang, Hao, Imura, Yûki & Chen, Chang-Chin, 2011, Notes on the genus Ceruchus MacLeay from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae), Zootaxa 2906, pp. 1-42 : 9

5. Ceruchus sinensis Nagel, 1933

( Figs. 16 , 35, 36 , 50 , 61, 62, 67 , 194–209 , 223 , 232 , 234, 238, 239 , 272 )

Specimens examined. CHINA: Yunnan Province: 23 (CYI), North Baoshan, 3370m, 9.V.2006, I. Belousov & I. Kabak leg.; 13 & 1Ƥ (CCCC), Nujiang, Lushui County, Yaojiaping, 2600m, 25.VII.2010, X.-D. Yang leg. (33 & 1Ƥ dissected).

Identification. Boucher & Kral (1997) used the following male characters, based on the holotype and an additional male: 1) dorsal tooth in lateral view with anterior margin more concave than posterior margin; 2) ventral tooth in lateral view visible; 3) anterior margin of the mentum not protruding medially; 4) yellow setae on posterior half of the mesofemur sparse; 5) yellow setae on inner apex of the mesotibia short, narrowly distributed, dense and forming a thin brush; 6) caudal end of the penis protruding slightly beyond the parameres in natural shape; 7) central split on caudal margin of the basal piece of the aedeagus in ventral view minute, with two sides flat and not protruding posteriorly; 8) penis in ventral view relatively wide and not swollen in middle; 9) dorsal surface of the penis in lateral view slightly incurved, without wings along the margins. All these male characters can be used as the basis for identification of Ceruchus sinensis . All three males from Baoshan and Lushui examined share all these characters.

The females of this species were firstly reported by Okuda (2007) from Myanmar but not fully described. One female specimen was collected alongside a male of Ceruchus sinensis in the same rotten wood by X.-D. Yang at Yaojiaping, central Gaoligongshan, Yunnan, so these two specimens are assumed to be of the same species. The female characters are fully described by the authors in the table 2. It should be noted that the stylus of the female genitalia illustrated by Okuda (2007 & 2008) as Ceruchus sinensis may actually be of another species, whereas that of Ceruchus chuduraziensis illustrated by Okuda (2007) may be of Ceruchus sinensis . The female specimens of Ceruchus sinensis and Ceruchus chuduraziensis from northern Myanmar should be re-examined in the future.

Taxonomic notes. This species is rather equally different from all other Chinese species in morphological distance.

Distribution ( Fig. 293 ). This species was originally described from “Mt. Francis Gardner, west of Mekong”, now referring to the Taizi-xueshan on west of the Lancang River at the border between Yunnan and Tibet. A further male was examined by Boucher & Kral (1997) from Myanmar. Okuda (2007) reported this species in good numbers from Chudurazi, northeastern Myanmar. The latest literature report of this little known species was that of Imura (2007) from Baoshan, near Nujiang, West Yunnan. In addition, one pair of specimens was examined from Yaojiaping, central Gaoligongshan, on west of the Nujiang (Salween).

Figures

FIGURE 232. Female genitalia of Ceruchus sinensis, Yaojiaping, Lushui (same specimen as Fig. 272) consisting of sclerotized part in both ventral and dorsal views at top, the last abdominal tergite and ventrite, and the whole female genitalia at bottom. Scale bar 1 mm for all. Abbreviations: sd = spermathecal duct; bc = bursa copulatrix; es = entrance of spermatheca; bsg = broken spermathecal gland.

FIGURE 293. Distribution of Ceruchus species in China

FIGURES 10 – 24. Mandible and head of male in lateral view. 10 — Ceruchus lignarius lignarius (same specimen as Fig. 233); 11 — Ceruchus lignarius monticola (same specimen as Fig. 234); 12 — Ceruchus lignarius nodai (same specimen as Fig. 235); 13 — Ceruchus yangi (same specimen as Fig. 237, holotype); 14 — Ceruchus yangi (same specimen as Fig. 236, paratype); 15 — Ceruchus tabanai (holotype); 16 — Ceruchus sinensis (same specimen as Fig. 239); 17 — Ceruchus niger (same specimen as Fig. 240); 18 — Ceruchus niger (same specimen as Fig. 245); 19 — Ceruchus luojishanensis (holotype); 20 — Ceruchus minor (same specimen as Fig. 249); 21 — Ceruchus minor (specimen not figured elsewhere); 22 — Ceruchus minor (same specimen as Fig. 252); 23 — Ceruchus minor (same specimen as Fig. 250); 24 — Ceruchus katerinae (same specimen as Fig. 253). Scale bar 4 mm for all. Abbreviations: d = dorsal tooth; v = ventral tooth.

FIGURES 29 – 45. Mentum of male in ventral view. 29 — Ceruchus lignarius lignarius (same specimen as Fig. 233); 30 — C. luojishanensis (holotype); 31 — C. tabanai (holotype); 32 — C. yangi, Leigongshan (same specimen as Fig. 236, paratype); 33 — C. yangi, Fanjingshan (same specimen as Fig. 237, holotype); 34 — C. yangi, Leigongshan (same specimen as Fig. 242, paratype); 35 — C. sinensis (same specimen as Fig. 238); 36 — C. sinensis (same specimen as Fig. 234); 37 — C. niger, Laojunshan (same specimen as Fig. 240); 38 — C. niger, Yulongxueshan (same specimen as Fig. 245); 39 — C. niger, Laojunshan (same specimen as Fig. 243); 40 — C. minor, Qinling (same specimen as Fig. 249); 41 — C. minor, Dabashan (corresponding to Fig. 250); 42 — C. minor, Diebu of Gansu (specimen not figured elsewhere); 43 — C. minor, Diebu of Gansu (same specimen as Fig. 252); 44 — C. minor, Zhouqu of Gansu (same specimen as Fig. 256); 45 — C. katerinae (same specimen as Fig. 253). Scale bar 3 mm for all.

FIGURES 46 – 53. Mesofemur and mesotibia in ventral view. 46 — Ceruchus katerinae; 47 — Ceruchus lignarius monticola; 48 — Ceruchus minor; 49 — Ceruchus niger; 50 — Ceruchus sinensis; 51 — Ceruchus yangi; 52 — Ceruchus luojishanensis; 53 — Ceruchus tabanai.

FIGURES 54 – 67. Last abdominal tergite and ventrite of males. 54 — Ceruchus yangi, both from Leigongshan; 55 — Ceruchus yangi, both from Fanjingshan; 56 — Ceruchus minor, Qinling; 57 — Ceruchus minor, Dabashan; 58 — Ceruchus minor, Zhouqu of Gansu; 59 — Ceruchus minor, Diebu of Gansu; 60 — Ceruchus niger, Weixi; 61 — Ceruchus sinensis, Baoshan; 62 — Ceruchus sinensis, Baoshan; 63 — Ceruchus lignarius monticola, Japan; 64 — Ceruchus yangi, Leigongshan; 65 — Ceruchus niger, Weixi; 66 — Ceruchus minor, Diebu of Gansu; 67 — Ceruchus sinensis, Baoshan. Scale bar 1 mm for all.

FIGURES 194 – 201. Male genitalia of Ceruchus sinensis, Baoshan, Yunnan (same specimen as Fig. 238). 194 — Ninth abdominal segment in ventral view; 195 — Ninth abdominal segment in dorsal view; 196 — whole genitalia in ventral view; 197 — whole genitalia in dorsal view; 198 — whole genitalia in lateral view; 199 — penis detached in lateral view; 200 — penis detached in lateral view; 201 — penis detached in dorsal view. Scale bar 1 mm for all. Abbreviations: c = central split on caudal margin of basal piece of aedeagus; f = fold near the dorsal caudal corner of the paramere; e = endophallus.

FIGURES 202 – 209. Male genitalia of Ceruchus sinensis, Baoshan, Yunnan (same specimen as Fig. 239). 202 — Ninth abdominal segment in ventral view; 203 — Ninth abdominal segment in dorsal view; 204 — whole genitalia in ventral view; 205 — whole genitalia in dorsal view; 206 — whole genitalia in lateral view; 207 — penis detached in lateral view; 208 — penis detached in lateral view; 209 — penis detached in dorsal view. Scale bar 1 mm for all. Abbreviations: c = central split on caudal margin of basal piece of aedeagus; f = fold near the dorsal caudal corner of the paramere; e = endophallus.

FIGURES 210 – 224. Detached structures of females, consisting of mandibles in dorsal view, mentum in ventral view, pronotum in dorsal view, protibia in dorsal view, and mesofemur in ventral view. 210 — Ceruchus lignarius lignarius (same specimen as Fig. 259); 211 — C. luojishanensis (paratype); 212 — C. tabanai (paratype); 213 — C. yangi (same specimen as Fig. 262); 214 — C. yangi (same specimen as Fig. 263); 215 — C. niger (same specimen as Fig. 264); 216 — C. niger (same specimen as Fig. 265); 217 — C. niger (same specimen as Fig. 266); 218 — C. niger (same specimen as Fig. 267); 219 — C. deuvei (same specimen as Fig. 268); 220 — C. minor (same specimen as Fig. 269); 221 — C. minor (same specimen as Fig. 270); 222 — C. minor (specimen not figured elsewhere); 223 — C. sinensis (same specimen as Fig. 272); 224 — C. katerinae (same specimen as Fig. 273). Abbreviations: md = mandibles; me = mentum; p = pronotum; pt = protibia; mf = mesofemur; l = lateral protuberance; n = no central tooth on mola; d = double central teeth on mola; s = single central tooth on mola; t = transversal carina; f = flattened marginal area of the pronotum.

FIGURES 233 – 248. Habitus of male Ceruchus in dorsal view. 233 — Ceruchus lignarius lignarius (Hokkaido, Japan); 234 — Ceruchus sinensis (Yaojiaping, Lushui, W. Yunnan); 235 — Ceruchus tabanai (holotype); 236 — Ceruchus yangi, paratype (Leigongshan, Guizhou); 237 — Ceruchus yangi, holotype (Fanjingshan, Guizhou); 238 — Ceruchus sinensis (Baoshan, Yunnan); 239 — Ceruchus sinensis (Baoshan, Yunnan); 240 — Ceruchus niger (Laojunshan, Yunnan); 241 — Ceruchus yangi, paratype (Leigongshan); 242 — Ceruchus yangi, paratype (Leigongshan); 243 — Ceruchus niger (Laojunshan, Yunnan); 244 — Ceruchus niger (Laojunshan, Yunnan); 245 — Ceruchus niger (Yulongxueshan, Yunnan); 246 — Ceruchus niger (Yulongxueshan, Yunnan); 247 — Ceruchus niger (Weixi, Yunnan); 248 — Ceruchus niger (Muli, Sichuan). Scale bar 5 mm for all.

FIGURES 259 – 273. Habitus of female Ceruchus in dorsal view. 259 — Ceruchus lignarius lignarius (Hokkaido, Japan); 260 — Ceruchus luojishanensis (paratype); 261 — Ceruchus tabanai (paratype); 262 — Ceruchus yangi, paratype (Leigongshan, Guizhou); 263 — Ceruchus yangi, paratype (Leigongshan, Guizhou); 264 — Ceruchus niger (Laojunshan, Yunnan); 265 — Ceruchus niger (Yulongxueshan, Yunnan); 266 — Ceruchus niger (Weixi, Yunnan); 267 — Ceruchus niger (Muli, Sichuan); 268 — Ceruchus deuvei (Lixian, Sichuan); 269 — Ceruchus minor (Dabashan, Chongqing); 270 — Ceruchus minor (Diebu, Gansu); 271 — Ceruchus minor (Micangshan, Sichuan); 272 — Ceruchus sinensis (Yaojiaping, Lushui, Yunnan); 273 — Ceruchus katerinae (Hailuogou, Sichuan). Scale bar 5 mm for all.