Ceruchus lignarius Lewis, 1883

Huang, Hao, Imura, Yûki & Chen, Chang-Chin, 2011, Notes on the genus Ceruchus MacLeay from China, with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Lucanidae), Zootaxa 2906, pp. 1-42 : 12

10. Ceruchus lignarius Lewis, 1883

( Figs. 10–12 , 29 , 47 , 63 , 68–83 , 210 , 225 , 233 , 259 )

Specimens examined. JAPAN: Hokkaido: 13 & 1Ƥ (CCCC), Yubari, 8.XI.2004, K. Nakamura leg.; Honshu: 13 & 1Ƥ (CCCC), Yamanashi, 18.V.1997, S. Horaguchi leg.; Kyushu: 13 & 1Ƥ (CCCC), Kumamoto, 11.X.1997, T. Mori leg. (33 & 3ƤƤ dissected).

Comparative morphology. The goal of this work is not to discuss the geographical variations of the Japanese subspecies of Ceruchus lignarius , therefore the three subspecies are not treated separately. All characters investigated are applicable to all the three subspecies. Ceruchus lignarius possesses at least eight peculiar characters ( Tables 1–2), which are not shared by any Chinese species.

Distribution. Restricted to Japan.

Figures

FIGURE 225. Female genitalia of Ceruchus lignarius monticola (same specimen as Fig. 260) consisting of sclerotized part in both ventral and dorsal views at top, the last abdominal tergite and ventrite, and the whole female genitalia at bottom. Scale bar 1 mm for all. Abbreviations: s = stylus; h = hemisternite; t 9 = ninth tergite; p 9 = ninth pleurite; h 9 = hemisternite of ninth segment; il = inner lateral margin of sclerotized part of hemisternite; lt = last abdominal tergite; lv = last abdominal ventrite; mo = median oviduct; ag = accessory gland; sd = spermathecal duct; bc = bursa copulatrix; s = spermatheca; es = entrance of spermatheca; sg = spermathecal gland.

FIGURES 10 – 24. Mandible and head of male in lateral view. 10 — Ceruchus lignarius lignarius (same specimen as Fig. 233); 11 — Ceruchus lignarius monticola (same specimen as Fig. 234); 12 — Ceruchus lignarius nodai (same specimen as Fig. 235); 13 — Ceruchus yangi (same specimen as Fig. 237, holotype); 14 — Ceruchus yangi (same specimen as Fig. 236, paratype); 15 — Ceruchus tabanai (holotype); 16 — Ceruchus sinensis (same specimen as Fig. 239); 17 — Ceruchus niger (same specimen as Fig. 240); 18 — Ceruchus niger (same specimen as Fig. 245); 19 — Ceruchus luojishanensis (holotype); 20 — Ceruchus minor (same specimen as Fig. 249); 21 — Ceruchus minor (specimen not figured elsewhere); 22 — Ceruchus minor (same specimen as Fig. 252); 23 — Ceruchus minor (same specimen as Fig. 250); 24 — Ceruchus katerinae (same specimen as Fig. 253). Scale bar 4 mm for all. Abbreviations: d = dorsal tooth; v = ventral tooth.

FIGURES 29 – 45. Mentum of male in ventral view. 29 — Ceruchus lignarius lignarius (same specimen as Fig. 233); 30 — C. luojishanensis (holotype); 31 — C. tabanai (holotype); 32 — C. yangi, Leigongshan (same specimen as Fig. 236, paratype); 33 — C. yangi, Fanjingshan (same specimen as Fig. 237, holotype); 34 — C. yangi, Leigongshan (same specimen as Fig. 242, paratype); 35 — C. sinensis (same specimen as Fig. 238); 36 — C. sinensis (same specimen as Fig. 234); 37 — C. niger, Laojunshan (same specimen as Fig. 240); 38 — C. niger, Yulongxueshan (same specimen as Fig. 245); 39 — C. niger, Laojunshan (same specimen as Fig. 243); 40 — C. minor, Qinling (same specimen as Fig. 249); 41 — C. minor, Dabashan (corresponding to Fig. 250); 42 — C. minor, Diebu of Gansu (specimen not figured elsewhere); 43 — C. minor, Diebu of Gansu (same specimen as Fig. 252); 44 — C. minor, Zhouqu of Gansu (same specimen as Fig. 256); 45 — C. katerinae (same specimen as Fig. 253). Scale bar 3 mm for all.

FIGURES 46 – 53. Mesofemur and mesotibia in ventral view. 46 — Ceruchus katerinae; 47 — Ceruchus lignarius monticola; 48 — Ceruchus minor; 49 — Ceruchus niger; 50 — Ceruchus sinensis; 51 — Ceruchus yangi; 52 — Ceruchus luojishanensis; 53 — Ceruchus tabanai.

FIGURES 54 – 67. Last abdominal tergite and ventrite of males. 54 — Ceruchus yangi, both from Leigongshan; 55 — Ceruchus yangi, both from Fanjingshan; 56 — Ceruchus minor, Qinling; 57 — Ceruchus minor, Dabashan; 58 — Ceruchus minor, Zhouqu of Gansu; 59 — Ceruchus minor, Diebu of Gansu; 60 — Ceruchus niger, Weixi; 61 — Ceruchus sinensis, Baoshan; 62 — Ceruchus sinensis, Baoshan; 63 — Ceruchus lignarius monticola, Japan; 64 — Ceruchus yangi, Leigongshan; 65 — Ceruchus niger, Weixi; 66 — Ceruchus minor, Diebu of Gansu; 67 — Ceruchus sinensis, Baoshan. Scale bar 1 mm for all.

FIGURES 68 – 75. Male genitalia of Ceruchus lignarius lignarius, Hokkaido, Japan (same specimen as Fig. 233). 68 — Ninth abdominal segment in ventral view; 69 — Ninth abdominal segment in dorsal view; 70 — whole genitalia in ventral view; 71 — whole genitalia in dorsal view; 72 — whole genitalia in lateral view; 73 — penis detached in lateral view; 74 — penis detached in ventral view; 75 — penis detached in dorsal view. Scale bar 1 mm for all. Abbreviations: c = central split on caudal margin of basal piece of aedeagus; b = basal piece; pe = penis; pa = paramere; s = strut; e = endophallus; o = ostium.

FIGURES 76 – 83. Male genitalia of Ceruchus lignarius monticola, Honshu, Japan (same specimen as Fig. 234). 76 — Ninth abdominal segment in ventral view; 77 — Ninth abdominal segment in dorsal view; 78 — whole genitalia in ventral view; 79 — whole genitalia in dorsal view; 80 — whole genitalia in lateral view; 81 — penis detached in lateral view; 82 — penis detached in lateral view; 83 — penis detached in dorsal view. Scale bar 1 mm for all.

FIGURES 210 – 224. Detached structures of females, consisting of mandibles in dorsal view, mentum in ventral view, pronotum in dorsal view, protibia in dorsal view, and mesofemur in ventral view. 210 — Ceruchus lignarius lignarius (same specimen as Fig. 259); 211 — C. luojishanensis (paratype); 212 — C. tabanai (paratype); 213 — C. yangi (same specimen as Fig. 262); 214 — C. yangi (same specimen as Fig. 263); 215 — C. niger (same specimen as Fig. 264); 216 — C. niger (same specimen as Fig. 265); 217 — C. niger (same specimen as Fig. 266); 218 — C. niger (same specimen as Fig. 267); 219 — C. deuvei (same specimen as Fig. 268); 220 — C. minor (same specimen as Fig. 269); 221 — C. minor (same specimen as Fig. 270); 222 — C. minor (specimen not figured elsewhere); 223 — C. sinensis (same specimen as Fig. 272); 224 — C. katerinae (same specimen as Fig. 273). Abbreviations: md = mandibles; me = mentum; p = pronotum; pt = protibia; mf = mesofemur; l = lateral protuberance; n = no central tooth on mola; d = double central teeth on mola; s = single central tooth on mola; t = transversal carina; f = flattened marginal area of the pronotum.

FIGURES 233 – 248. Habitus of male Ceruchus in dorsal view. 233 — Ceruchus lignarius lignarius (Hokkaido, Japan); 234 — Ceruchus sinensis (Yaojiaping, Lushui, W. Yunnan); 235 — Ceruchus tabanai (holotype); 236 — Ceruchus yangi, paratype (Leigongshan, Guizhou); 237 — Ceruchus yangi, holotype (Fanjingshan, Guizhou); 238 — Ceruchus sinensis (Baoshan, Yunnan); 239 — Ceruchus sinensis (Baoshan, Yunnan); 240 — Ceruchus niger (Laojunshan, Yunnan); 241 — Ceruchus yangi, paratype (Leigongshan); 242 — Ceruchus yangi, paratype (Leigongshan); 243 — Ceruchus niger (Laojunshan, Yunnan); 244 — Ceruchus niger (Laojunshan, Yunnan); 245 — Ceruchus niger (Yulongxueshan, Yunnan); 246 — Ceruchus niger (Yulongxueshan, Yunnan); 247 — Ceruchus niger (Weixi, Yunnan); 248 — Ceruchus niger (Muli, Sichuan). Scale bar 5 mm for all.

FIGURES 259 – 273. Habitus of female Ceruchus in dorsal view. 259 — Ceruchus lignarius lignarius (Hokkaido, Japan); 260 — Ceruchus luojishanensis (paratype); 261 — Ceruchus tabanai (paratype); 262 — Ceruchus yangi, paratype (Leigongshan, Guizhou); 263 — Ceruchus yangi, paratype (Leigongshan, Guizhou); 264 — Ceruchus niger (Laojunshan, Yunnan); 265 — Ceruchus niger (Yulongxueshan, Yunnan); 266 — Ceruchus niger (Weixi, Yunnan); 267 — Ceruchus niger (Muli, Sichuan); 268 — Ceruchus deuvei (Lixian, Sichuan); 269 — Ceruchus minor (Dabashan, Chongqing); 270 — Ceruchus minor (Diebu, Gansu); 271 — Ceruchus minor (Micangshan, Sichuan); 272 — Ceruchus sinensis (Yaojiaping, Lushui, Yunnan); 273 — Ceruchus katerinae (Hailuogou, Sichuan). Scale bar 5 mm for all.