Scinax villasboasi, Brusquetti & Jansen & Barrio-Amorós & Segalla & Haddad, 2014
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1111/zoj.12148 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/742B87A5-FFFD-FFF8-FEE1-33FA3003FCA0 |
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treatment provided by |
Marcus |
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scientific name |
Scinax villasboasi |
| status |
sp. nov. |
SCINAX VILLASBOASI View in CoL SP. NOV.
( FIGS 4C View Figure 4 , 5C View Figure 5 , 6C View Figure 6 )
Holotype: CHUNB 40156 View Materials . Adult male. Campo de Provas Brigadeiro Veloso ( CPBV), Serra do Cachimbo , Novo Progresso, state of Pará, Brazil (8°35′S, 55°30′W). Collected in November 2004. GoogleMaps
Paratopotypes: All adult males. CHUNB 34498−500 View Materials , 34502 View Materials , 34505−10 View Materials collected in October 2003. CHUNB 40157 View Materials , 40159−61 View Materials collected with the holotype .
Diagnosis: Scinax villasboasi sp. nov. is distinguished from all other species in the genus by the following combination of characters: (1) small size (male SVL 16.7–20 mm); (2) rounded snout in dorsal view; (3) head nearly as wide as long; (4) dorsal pattern with continuous brown divergent dorsolateral stripes on a light brown background; (5) uniform light brown colour on posterior surface of thigh; (6) loreal region softly sloping toward lip; (7) transversal stripes on the dorsal surface of shank; (8) reduced toe webbing.
Description of the holotype: A slender, small-sized frog (SVL 19.2 mm), posterior region slightly wider than head. Head dorsally rounded, slightly longer than wide (HW/HL 0.87). Snout acuminate in profile. Nostrils dorsolaterally orientated, slightly protuberant, IND 62% of IOD. Canthus rostralis straight. Loreal region concave, softly sloping toward lip. Eye large and protruding, slightly larger than IOD. Supratympanic fold evident from posterior corner of eye to arm insertion. Tympanum evident; rounded tympanic annulus with upper portion hidden by supratympanic fold. A group of unpigmented rounded tubercles between mouth corner and terminal margin of supratympanic fold. Vocal sac large, single, subgular, externally evident. Tongue ovoid with lateral and posterior borders free. Longitudinal vocal slits extend laterally from mediolateral portion of tongue to jaw angle. Transverse and reduced oval vomerine dentigerous process between posterior margin of choanae; the processes do not contact each other; two teeth in each process; nearly rounded choanae located diagonal to sagittal axis.
Arm slightly more slender than forearm. Fingers short. Elliptical finger discs, wider than long; disc of finger I smaller than the others; webbing reduced to fringe in proximal and distal margins of fingers II, III, proximal of IV, and absent in I. Unpigmented ulnar ridge extends from distal margin of first supernumerary tubercle of finger IV to its insertion. Bifid palmar tubercle. Subarticular tubercles of fingers I and II conical and the same size; of fingers III and IV rounded but that of finger IV bigger and with the distal margin slightly free. Thenar tubercle large, occupying the base of finger I; a rounded tubercle between the subarticular tubercle of finger I and thenar tubercle. Unpigmented nuptial pad at the base of thumb, from distal margin of subarticular tubercle to the base of palmar tubercle. Supernumerary tubercles rounded. Hind limbs slender, SHL 48% and THL 43% of SVL. Toes slender. Elliptical discs wider than long; discs of toes I and II slightly smaller than the others. Inner metatarsal tubercle oval. Outer metatarsal tubercle rounded, one quarter of size of inner metatarsal tubercle, its proximal margin at the level of the distal margin of the inner metatarsal tubercle. Subarticular tubercles of toes I and II conical, rounded in the other toes. A flat, rounded tubercle between inner metatarsal tubercle and subarticular tubercle of toe I. A cutaneous ridge on the proximal margin of toe I from the subarticular tubercle to inner metatarsal tubercle. Supernumerary tubercles rounded. Webbing formula I 2–2 II 2–3 III 1 ½ –3 IV 2 ½ –1 ½ V. Tarsal fold absent.
Preaxillar pectoral fold distinct. Dorsal surface with uniformly distributed, rounded pustules; gula smooth; ventral surface of thigh shagreen; belly and chest granular.
Colour in preservative: General colour light brown with a continuous, dark brown dorsolateral stripe from upper eyelid to inguinal region, where it is more diffuse; considering the pair of stripes, they are divergent; the supratympanic fold presents the same coloration as the dorsolateral stripe; between the dorsolateral stripe and inferior border of tympanum level a wide, light brown stripe (with lower chromatophore density than the dorsolateral stripe) from supratympanic fold to inguinal region; tympanic membrane with same coloration as adjacent region; dark brown stripe on canthus rostralis reaching anterior margin of nostril; loreal region with scattered chromatophores that reduce in density towards upper lip; between eye and upper lip only a few chromatophores; median line only evident between eyes, few dots in sacral region; a wide, dark brown transversal interocular stripe; dorsal surface of finger discs dotted; dorsal surface of hands with dark brown dots and transversal stripes on fingers III and IV; three transversal stripes on dorsal surface of forearm. A longitudinal, dark brown stripe on external surface of forearm from elbow to insertion of hand; dorsal surfaces of leg with transversal, dark brown stripes, one on heel and three on shank; external surface of tarsus and foot with a intermittent, longitudinal, dark brown stripe; ventrally, external borders of the gula finely spotted, belly and chest immaculate; posterior surface of thigh uniform light brown.
Variation: The complete range of variation in measurements and body proportions is given in Table 2. Some paratypes have a inverted triangle blotch between eyes; some variation in toe webbing development, especially evident between toes II and III, with some specimens reaching the distal margin of the subarticular tubercle of toe II whereas others slightly exceed the distal margin. Some paratypes present a diffuse pattern on the upper surface of shank.
Etymology: The specific epithet is a homage to Orlando Villas Bôas (1914–2002), the older brother of Claudio (1916–1998) and Leonardo (1918–1961), three Brazilian ‘sertanistas’ [explorers] and indigenists who conducted the Roncador-Xingú expedition (1943–1949), part of the west Brazilian occupation plan named ‘Marcha para o Oeste’ [March to the West]. The work of the Villas Bôas brothers helped to create the Xingú National Park and to locate sites that were designated for the operations of the Brazilian aviation. Those sites permitted later on, the access to different localities in the Amazon Forest and its conservation, including the Serra do Cachimbo, type locality of Scinax villasboasi sp. nov.
Comparisons: By the smaller size of males (SVL 16.7– 20 mm) S. villasboasi sp. nov. differs from S. acuminatus (SVL 39–45 mm; Lutz, 1973), S. boesemani (28.4– 31.8 mm; Duellman, 1986), S. camposseabrai (SVL 28.9– 33.5 mm; Caramaschi & Cardoso, 2006), S. castroviejoi (SVL 41.9 mm; De la Riva, 1993), S. chiquitanus (SVL 33.3 mm; De la Riva, 1990), S. cretatus (25.8–34.7 mm; Nunes & Pombal, 2011), S. cruentommus (24.8–27.7 mm; Duellman, 1972), S. dolloi (SVL 34.9 mm; Pugliese et al., 2009), S. eurydice (SVL 44– 52 mm; Bokermann, 1968), S. funereus (SVL 28.7– 35.1 mm; Duellman, 1971), S. fuscovarius (SVL 41–44 mm; Cei, 1980), S. hayii (SVL 39–43 mm; Heyer et al., 1990), S. iquitorum (35 mm; Moravec et al., 2009), S. manriquei (SVL 27.7 mm; Barrio-Amorós et al., 2004), S. perereca (SVL 34–38.5 mm; Pombal et al., 1995b), S. rogerioi (25–35.6 mm; Pugliese et al., 2009), S. similis (SVL 29.4–34.7 mm; Caramaschi & Cardoso, 2006), and S. x-signatus (SVL 29.1–39.1 mm; Caramaschi & Cardoso, 2006).
By its uniform light brown colour on posterior surface of the thigh S. villasboasi sp. nov. can be differentiated from S. caldarum , S. cardosoi , S. curicica , S. duartei , S. granulatus , S. hayii , S. maracaya , S. nasicus , S. similis (all with yellow flash colour on posterior surface of thigh), and S. rogerioi (brown spots on posterior surface of thigh; Pugliese et al., 2009).
By its dorsal pattern with continuous, brown dorsolateral stripes from upper eyelids until inguinal region S. villasboasi sp. nov. differs from S. acuminatus , S. baumgardneri ( Duellman, 1986) , S. boesemani ( Duellman, 1986) , S. cabralensis ( Drummond et al., 2007) , S. camposseabrai , S. crospedospilus , S. danae ( Duellman, 1986) , S. eurydice , S. lindsayi ( Pyburn, 1992) , S. maracaya (all without dorsolateral stripes); from S. alter , S. auratus , S. cretatus ( Nunes & Pombal, 2011) , S. exiguus , S. squalirostris , and S. wandae ( Pyburn & Fouquette, 1971) (all with dorsolateral light stripes); from S. caldarum and S. duartei (dorsal stripes from between the eyes and connected to a interocular blotch); from S. pachycrus (a lateral dark subcantal stripe from corner of eye to inguinal region); from S. cuspidatus (irregular stripes or inverted parenthesis on thoracic region; Lutz, 1973); and from S. cruentommus (irregular longitudinal marks; Duellman, 1972).
Scinax villasboasi sp. nov. differs from S. fuscomarginatus by lacking a dark stripe on external surface of shank (present in S. fuscomarginatus ; Fig. 8 View Figure 8 ); loreal region softly sloping toward lip (steeply sloping in S. fuscomarginatus ); by its rounded snout in dorsal view (subelliptical in S. fuscomarginatus ); and wider head (head much longer than wide in S. fuscomarginatus ). From S. madeirae the new species differs by its divergent dorsolateral stripes (convergent in S. madeirae ), and less developed interdigital webbing (I 2–2 II 2–3 III 1 ½ or 2–3 IV 3– 11/2 V) (I 2–2 II 11/2 –2 III 11/2 –2 IV 2–1 V in S. madeirae ).
Distribution: The species is known from the type locality, an open formation enclave in the Serra do Cachimbo, state of Pará, eastern Brazilian Amazon.
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