Nativus, Casas & Rheims, 2023
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5360.1.1 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C97810F4-A6EB-4040-8DC4-0BBCD687E9AF |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10167516 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/736DED1E-1A5A-C907-5594-8AC28EABE043 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Nativus |
| status |
gen. nov. |
Nativus gen. nov.
Etymology. The generic name honors all indigenous communities from the great Amazon rainforest as most of the described species herein are distributed in the region. This also commemorates the native Amazonians’ key role in protecting Earth’s biodiversity; gender is masculine.
Type species. Nativus tupana sp. nov.
Diagnosis. Species of Nativus gen. nov. resemble those of Guadana Rheims and Sparianthina Banks in having intermarginal denticles along the entire cheliceral groove, two pairs of ventral spines on tibiae I−II and one lateral spine on each side on metatarsi I−II ( Fig. 1 View FIGURES 1–6 ), male palps with strong DTA (e.g. Figs 16−17 View FIGURES 16–18 , 106−107 View FIGURES 106–111 ) and female palp with a long-toothed claw ( Fig. 3 View FIGURES 1–6 ). They further resemble Guadana in having a vRTA, DTA acutely tapering (e.g. Figs 29 View FIGURES 28–33 , 48 View FIGURES 47–49 , 92 View FIGURES 91–96 ) (vRTA absent and DTA roundly blunt or distally widened in Sparianthina ) and female vulva with GP absent and FD short (e.g. Figs 32 View FIGURES 28–33 , 63 View FIGURES 59–64 , 78 View FIGURES 74–79 ) (GP present and FD long in Sparianthina ). They are distinguished from both genera by the palps with E without basal projection, filiform along its entire length (e.g. Figs 40 View FIGURES 39–41 , 75 View FIGURES 74–79 , 122 View FIGURES 121–126 ), or distally filiform with wide base, in N. carare sp. nov. and N. mariua sp. nov. ( Figs 17 View FIGURES 16–18 , 60 View FIGURES 59–64 ) (E not filiform with basal projection in the latter genera) and by the epigyne with LL fused along posterior half (e.g. Figs 77 View FIGURES 74–79 , 94 View FIGURES 91–96 , 109 View FIGURES 106–111 ) (completely separated in Guadana and separated or touching each other, leaving a median fissure in Sparianthina ).
Description. Total length of males 5.51−8.71, of females 5.5−9.07. Dorsal shield of prosoma generally longer than wide, can be as wide as long. Cephalic region slightly higher than thoracic region, flattening posteriorly. Fovea conspicuous on posterior third of prosoma. Eyes arranged in two rows, the anterior recurved and the posterior straight; AME smaller than ALE, more distant from each other than from laterals; PME smaller than PLE, all mostly equidistant (e.g. Figs 11 View FIGURES 11–15 , 19 View FIGURES 19–23 , 24 View FIGURES 24–27 ). Clypeus low, less than AME diameter. Chelicerae longer than wide with three promarginal teeth, median one largest, and 6−8 retromarginal teeth, three subequal, others smaller. Between 10−20 intermarginal denticles clustered in front of promarginal teeth and in a row along rest of groove. Promargin with one escort seta ( Fig. 1 View FIGURES 1–6 ). Labium rebordered as wide as long. Endites slightly convergent, longer than wide, with dense scopula on internal margin. Serrula with single row of denticles ( Fig. 2 View FIGURES 1–6 ). Sternum longer than wide, slightly projected between coxae IV. Female palp with single pectinate claw with 5−6 long teeth ( Fig. 3 View FIGURES 1–6 ); sensory setae long, distally curved, with barbules along the entire setae and with distal region bearing a large rounded pore and a single filiform extension, scattered dorsally along palpal tarsus ( Fig. 4 View FIGURES 1–6 ). Legs laterigrade, generally 2143, rarely 1423. Spination pattern in males: femora I−III: p1-1-1, d0-1-1, r1-1-1; femur IV: p1-1-1, d0-1-1, r0-0-1; patellae I−IV: 0; tibiae I−II: p1-0-1, d1-1-1, r1-0-1, v2-2-0; tibiae III−IV: p1-0-1, d0-0-1, r1-0-1, v2-2-0; metatarsi I−II: p1- 0-0, r1-0-0, v2-2-0; metatarsus III: p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-1; metatarsus IV: p1-1-2, r1-1-2, v2-2-0; palp: femur: p0- 0-1, d0-1-2, r0-0-1; patella: p1, r1; tibia: p2-1-0, d1-0-0; in females: femora I−III: p1-1-1, d0-1-1, r1-1-1; patellae I−IV: 0; tibiae I−III: p1-0-1, r1-0-1, v2-2-0; tibia IV: p1-0-1, d0-0-1, r1-0-1, v2-2-0; metatarsi I−II: p1-0-0, r1-0-0, v2-2-0; metatarsus III: p1-1-0, r1-1-0, v2-2-0; metatarsus IV: p1-1-2, r1-1-2, v2-2-0; palp: femur: p0-0-1, d0-1-2, r0-0-1; patella: p1, r1; tibia: p2-1-0, d1-0-0, r1-1-0; tarsus p2-1-0, r2-1-0. Trochanter deeply notched. Metatarsi I–IV distally with dorsal trilobate membrane with median hook slightly shorter than lateral projections ( Fig. 5 View FIGURES 1–6 ). Tarsi and distal half of metatarsi scopulate. Trichobothria present on dorsal tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi, arranged in several rows on tarsi, converging to a single row on metatarsi. Dorsal plate of trichobothria with one incomplete transversal groove, projecting over a smooth proximal plate ( Fig. 6 View FIGURES 1–6 ). Tarsal organ capsulate, with drop-shaped opening, located dorsally, at distal end of tarsi ( Fig. 7 View FIGURES 7–10 ). Tarsi with pair of pectinate claws with 10−12 short teeth and claw tufts ( Figs 8−9 View FIGURES 7–10 ). Opisthosoma oval, longer than wide, with two pairs of muscle sigilla located in the anterior region. Male epiandrium with scattered small groups of epiandrous spigots ( Fig. 10 View FIGURES 7–10 ). Six spinnerets: ALS contiguous, conical and bi-segmented; basal segment elongated and cylindrical; distal segment short and truncated. PMS conical and short. PLS conical and bi-segmented; basal segment elongate and cylindrical; distal segment short and truncated. Male palp: tibia slightly longer than half cymbium length with three prolateral and one dorsal spines (e.g. Figs 16 View FIGURES 16–18 , 47 View FIGURES 47–49 , 91 View FIGURES 91–96 ); VTA present, slightly displaced retrolaterally (e.g. Figs 40 View FIGURES 39–41 , 92 View FIGURES 91–96 , 137 View FIGURES 136–141 ) or reduced (e.g. Figs 48 View FIGURES 47–49 , 75 View FIGURES 74–79 , 107 View FIGURES 106–111 ); RTA distal with dRTA single (e.g. Figs 18 View FIGURES 16–18 , 75 View FIGURES 74–79 ) or bifid (e.g. Figs 29 View FIGURES 28–33 , 48 View FIGURES 47–49 , 60 View FIGURES 59–64 ) and vRTA rounded cleaver-shaped, best seen in lateral view (e.g. Figs 93 View FIGURES 91–96 , 108 View FIGURES 106–111 , 138 View FIGURES 136–141 ); cymbium slightly elongate with large rounded alveolus, dorsal elongate scopula and rectangular RpP; subtegulum ring-shaped bearing a subtegular locking lobe that fits into an indentation in the DTA (e.g. Figs 28 View FIGURES 28–33 , 74 View FIGURES 74–79 , 91 View FIGURES 91–96 ); tegulum generally smooth ( Fig. 17 View FIGURES 16–18 ), some species can have a small triangular protrusion close to bp ( Figs 60 View FIGURES 59–64 , 107 View FIGURES 106–111 ) and/or RdP (e.g. Figs 29 View FIGURES 28–33 , 75 View FIGURES 74–79 , 137 View FIGURES 136–141 ); E arising from tegulum at 9 o’clock position, filiform, sinuous (e.g. Figs 48 View FIGURES 47–49 , 75 View FIGURES 74–79 , 137 View FIGURES 136–141 ) or straight (e.g. Figs 17 View FIGURES 16–18 , 60 View FIGURES 59–64 , 92 View FIGURES 91–96 ); C hyaline with slender base, fanning out to accommodate the embolus distally; DTA arising from tegulum between 8−9 o’clock position acutely tapering and curved retrolaterally, generally smooth (e.g. Figs 39−40 View FIGURES 39–41 , 59-60 View FIGURES 59–64 , 91−92 View FIGURES 91–96 ),with median projection in N. tupana sp. nov. ( Figs 121−122 View FIGURES 121–126 ); bp hyaline, laminar, of varied shapes (e.g. Figs 48 View FIGURES 47–49 , 60 View FIGURES 59–64 , 122 View FIGURES 121–126 ). Female epigyne: EF wider than long or as long as wide without conspicuous muscle attachment bands, divided into LL and MS; LL fused medially (e.g. Figs 31 View FIGURES 28–33 , 62 View FIGURES 59–64 , 109 View FIGURES 106–111 ) or slightly posteriorly (e.g. Figs 77 View FIGURES 74–79 , 94 View FIGURES 91–96 , 139 View FIGURES 136–141 ), smooth, except N. tawu sp. nov. with lateral pockets ( Fig. 109 View FIGURES 106–111 ); MS smooth; CO situated anteriorly, in a depressed area (COd). Vulva: Internal ducts with first winding antero-laterad and then strongly convoluted, encapsulated within a sclerotized, elongated structure that swells posteriorly (ducts can be seen by transparency in less sclerotized specimens, e.g. Figs 90 View FIGURES 87–90 , 120 View FIGURES 117–120 ); FD short and curved (e.g. Figs 32 View FIGURES 28–33 , 63 View FIGURES 59–64 , 95 View FIGURES 91–96 ).
Composition. Ten species: Nativus carare sp. nov., N. hazzii sp. nov., N. janai sp. nov., N. juriti sp. nov., N. mariua sp. nov., N. napo sp. nov., N. nocaima sp. nov., N. tawu sp. nov., N. tupana sp. nov. and N. yurupari sp. nov.
Distribution. Northern South America: Brazil, Colombia and Peru.
Identification key for species of Nativus gen. nov.
1 Males .............................................................................................. 2
- Females........................................................................................... 11
2(1) Tegulum with triangular RdP, arising between 1−2 o’clock; E sinuous (e.g. Figs 29 View FIGURES 28–33 , 48 View FIGURES 47–49 , 92 View FIGURES 91–96 ).......................... 3
- Tegulum without triangular RdP; E roughly straight ( Figs 17 View FIGURES 16–18 , 60 View FIGURES 59–64 , 107 View FIGURES 106–111 )........................................... 9
3(2) dRTA distally bifid, with two pointed branches (e.g. Figs 30 View FIGURES 28–33 , 49 View FIGURES 47–49 , 93 View FIGURES 91–96 )............................................ 4
- dRTA distally truncated without pointed branches ( Figs 75−76 View FIGURES 74–79 ).................................... N. napo sp. nov.
4(3) dRTA with ventral branch shorter than dorsal branch (e.g. Figs 41 View FIGURES 39–41 , 93 View FIGURES 91–96 , 123 View FIGURES 121–126 )....................................... 5
- dRTA with ventral branch as long as or longer than dorsal branch (e.g. Figs 30 View FIGURES 28–33 , 138 View FIGURES 136–141 )................................ 8
5(4) DTA without median projections (e.g. Figs 39 View FIGURES 39–41 , 47 View FIGURES 47–49 , 91 View FIGURES 91–96 )....................................................... 6
- DTA with large median projection ( Figs 121−122 View FIGURES 121–126 )............................................. N. tupana sp. nov.
6(5) RdP small, wider than long or as wide as long, rounded at tip ( Figs 48 View FIGURES 47–49 , 92 View FIGURES 91–96 )....................................... 7
- RdP pronounced, longer than wide, pointed ( Fig. 40 View FIGURES 39–41 )............................................. N. janai sp. nov.
7(6) RdP small, much wider than long; bp as wide as long ( Fig. 92 View FIGURES 91–96 ).................................. N. nocaima sp. nov.
- RdP as wide as long; bp slightly elongate, longer than wide ( Fig. 48 View FIGURES 47–49 )............................... N. juruti sp. nov.
8(4) dRTA with two pointed tips, in ventral view ( Fig. 30 View FIGURES 28–33 ); RdP small, wider than long; bp large, roughly triangular, slightly wider than long ( Fig. 29 View FIGURES 28–33 )....................................................................... N. hazzii sp. nov.
- dRTA with one blunt and one pointed tip, in ventral view ( Fig. 138 View FIGURES 136–141 ); RdP large, triangular, as long as wide; bp small, wider than long ( Fig. 137 View FIGURES 136–141 )........................................................................ N. yurupari sp. nov.
9(2) Tegulum bearing small tp close to TBE (between 8-9 o’clock); dRTA bifid, with ventral branch long and slender, curved in ventral view ( Figs 60 View FIGURES 59–64 , 107 View FIGURES 106–111 )............................................................................ 10
- Tegulum without triangular projection; dRTA single, truncated ( Figs 17−18 View FIGURES 16–18 )........................ N. carare sp. nov.
10(9) bp keel-like, wider than long ( Fig. 60 View FIGURES 59–64 ); dRTA with ventral branch straight in retrolateral view ( Fig. 61 View FIGURES 59–64 )..... N. mariua sp. nov.
- bp irregular-shaped, slightly longer than wide ( Fig. 107 View FIGURES 106–111 ); dRTA with ventral branch hooke-shaped in retrolateral view ( Fig. 108 View FIGURES 106–111 ).................................................................................... N. tawu sp. nov.
11(1) MS situated anterior to fused part of LL ( Figs 78 View FIGURES 74–79 , 139 View FIGURES 136–141 )...................................................... 12
- MS situated posterior to fused part of LL (e.g. Figs 31 View FIGURES 28–33 , 62 View FIGURES 59–64 , 124 View FIGURES 121–126 )............................................... 13
12(11) Fused part of LL extending until 1/3 of EF length; MS roughly as wide as long ( Fig. 77 View FIGURES 74–79 )................ N. napo sp. nov.
- Fused part of LL extending until almost half EF length; MS two times longer than wide ( Fig. 139 View FIGURES 136–141 )..... N. yurupari sp. nov.
13(11) Fused part of LL forming an inverted T shape (e.g. Figs 62 View FIGURES 59–64 , 94 View FIGURES 91–96 , 109 View FIGURES 106–111 )........................................... 14
- Fused part of LL forming an inverted Y shape ( Fig. 31 View FIGURES 28–33 ).......................................... N. hazzii sp. nov.
14(13) LL fused medially; MS large ( Figs 62 View FIGURES 59–64 , 109 View FIGURES 106–111 )............................................................... 15
- LL fused medio-posterially; MS small ( Figs 94 View FIGURES 91–96 , 124 View FIGURES 121–126 )....................................................... 16
15(14) MS hexagonal, as wide as long; fused part of LL without epigynal pockets ( Fig. 62 View FIGURES 59–64 ).................. N. mariua sp. nov.
- MS trapezoid, wider than long; fused part of LL with pair of semi circular-shaped pockets ( Fig. 109 View FIGURES 106–111 )...... N. tawu sp. nov.
16(14) COd C-shaped, seprated from each other by half MS width ( Fig. 94 View FIGURES 91–96 )............................. N. nocaima sp. nov.
- COd J-shaped, separated from each other by almost MS width ( Fig. 124 View FIGURES 121–126 )........................... N. tupana sp. nov.
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Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics |
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