Oonops pulcher Templeton, 1835

Platnick, Norman I. & Dupérré, Nadine, 2009, The Goblin Spider Genus Heteroonops (Araneae, Oonopidae), With Notes on Oonops, American Museum Novitates 3649, pp. 1-72 : 5-17

Oonops pulcher Templeton

Figures 1–78

Oonops pulcher Templeton, 1835: 404 , pl. 17, figs. 10–18 (male and female syntypes, presumably from Edinburg, Scotland, depository unknown). For subsequent references, see Platnick (2009).

DIAGNOSIS: The form of the embolus (figs. 31–40) and female genitalia (figs. 72– 78) are presumably diagnostic.

MALE (PBI_OON 36410): Total length 1.72 (habitus, figs. 1, 2). Cephalothorax: Carapace yellow, without pattern, ovoid in dorsal view (fig. 3), pars cephalica strongly elevated in lateral view (fig. 4), anteriorly narrowed to between 0.5 and 0.75 times its maximum width, with rounded posterolateral corners, posterolateral edge without pits, posterior margin not bulging below posterior rim, anterolateral corners without extension or projections, posterolateral surface without spikes, surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica smooth, sides smooth, thorax without depressions, fovea absent, with rows of platelets (fig. 5), without radiating rows of pits, lateral margin straight, rebordered, without denticles; plumose setae near posterior margin of pars thoracica absent; nonmarginal pars cephalica and pars thoracica setae dark, plumose, marginal setae absent. Clypeus margin unmodified, curved downwards in front view (fig. 6), sloping forward in lateral view, high, ALE separated from edge of carapace by their radius or more, median projection absent, with two pairs of oval depressions bearing pores (fig. 8), one pair situated below six thickened, dark, needlelike setae, one pair situated above that setal row (fig. 7, arrow). Chilum absent. Eyes six, well developed, ALE largest, ALE oval, PME squared, PLE oval; posterior eye row recurved from above, straight from front; ALE separated by their radius to diameter, ALE-PLE separated by less than ALE radius, PME touching throughout most of their length, PLE-PME separated by less than PME radius. Sternum longer than wide (fig. 9), yellowish white, uniform, not fused to carapace, median concavity absent, with radial furrows between coxae I–II, II–III, III–IV, furrow striated, radial furrow opposite coxae III absent, surface smooth, without pits, microsculpture absent, sickle-shaped structures absent, anterior margin unmodified, posterior margin not extending posteriorly of coxae IV, anterior corner unmodified, lateral margin without infracoxal grooves, distance between coxae approximately equal, extensions of precoxal triangles present, lateral margins unmodified, without posterior hump; setae sparse, dark, plumose, evenly scattered, originating from surface, without hair tufts. Chelicerae, endites, and labium yellow; chelicerae straight (figs. 10, 11), anterior face unmodified, without teeth on promargin or retromargin, without toothlike projections, directed medially, shape normal, without prominent basal process, tip unmodified; setae dark, plumose, evenly scattered; paturon inner margin with scattered setae, distal region unmodified, posterior surface unmodified, promargin unmodified, inner margin unmodified, laminate groove absent. Labium triangular (fig. 12), not fused to sternum, anterior margin indent- ed at middle, same as sternum in sclerotization; with six or more setae on anterior margin, subdistal portion with unmodified setae. Endites distally excavated, same as sternum in sclerotization, serrula present in single row (fig. 13), anteromedian tip unmodified, posteromedian part unmodified, conspicuous, large pore present on ventral surface (fig. 12). Abdomen: Ovoid, without long posterior extension, rounded posteriorly, without rows of small sclerotized platelets; dorsum white, without color pattern; book lung covers large, ovoid, without setae, anterolateral edge unmodified; posterior spiracles connected by groove (fig. 14); pedicel tube short, unmodified, scuto-pedicel region unmodified, abdomen extending anteriad of pedicel, plumose hairs absent, matted setae on anterior ventral abdomen in pedicel area absent, cuticular outgrowths near pedicel absent; dorsal, epigastric, postepigastric, and spinneret scuta absent; dorsum and venter with many dark, plumose setae; dense patch of setae anterior to spinnerets absent. Colulus absent. Spinnerets: ALS with one major ampullate gland spigot and two piriform gland spigots; PMS with two spigots; PLS with two spigots (figs. 27–30). Legs: yellow, without color pattern; femur IV not thickened, same size as femora I–III, patella plus tibia I nearly as long as carapace, tibia I unmodified, tibia IV specialized hairs on ventral apex absent, tibia IV ventral scopula absent, metatarsi I and II mesoapical comb absent, metatarsi III, IV weak ventral scopula absent, coxae with rows of platelets ventrally. Leg spination (all spines longer than segment width): femora I–IV d1-0-1; tibiae: I, II v2-4-2; III p1-0-1, v0-1-2, r0-0-1; IV v0-1-2, r0-0-1; metatarsi: I, II v2-0-2; III v0-1-2, r0-1- 1; IV p1-0-1, v0-1-2. Tarsi I to IV superior claws with inner face striate; on all tarsi both claws with five teeth on lateral surface, none on median surface, inferior claw lacking (figs. 15–19). Tibiae each with three trichobothria, metatarsi each with one; base round- ed, aperture internal texture not gratelike, hood covered by numerous low, closely spaced ridges (fig. 21). Tarsal organs of legs I, II with three sensillae, of legs III, IV with two sensillae (figs. 23–26). Genitalia: Epigastric region with sperm pore not visible; furrow without V- shaped insertions, without setae; palp of normal size, not strongly sclerotized, right and left palps symmetrical (figs. 31, 32, 38, 39), proximal segments yellow; embolus long, dark, prolateral excavation absent, distal half spiny; trochanter of normal size, unmodified; femur of normal size, two or more times as long as trochanter, without posteriorly rounded lateral dilation, attaching to patella basally, retrolateral surface with platelets (fig. 20); patella shorter than femur, not enlarged, without prolateral row of ridges, setae unmodified; tibia with three trichobothria; tarsal organ with two sensillae (fig. 22); cymbium yellow, ovoid in dorsal view, not fused with bulb, not extending beyond distal tip of bulb, plumose setae absent, without stout setae, without distal patch of setae; bulb yellow, more than 2 times as long as cymbium, stout, tapering apically; conductor curved (figs. 33, 34, 40); embolus long, spiny (figs. 35–37).

FEMALE (PBI_OON 36414): Total length 1.74. As in male except as noted (see figs. 41– 78). Clypeus setae plumose (fig. 46). Endites without ventral opening (fig. 55). Female palp without claw (fig. 54), without spines; tarsus unmodified (fig. 51), patella without prolateral row of ridges, femur and tibia with retrolateral rows of platelets (fig. 52); tibia with three trichobothria (fig. 53); tarsal organ with two sensillae (fig. 65). Epigastric and postepigastric scuta present, weakly sclerotized, yellow, postepigastric scutum short, only around epigastric furrow, not fused to epigastric scutum, anterior margin unmodified (fig. 66), without posteriorly directed lateral apodemes. PLS with three spigots (fig. 70). Leg spination as in males except tibiae: III d0- 1-0, p1-0-1, v0-1-2, r0-0-1; IV d0-1-0, p1-0-1, v0-1-2, r1-0-1. Tarsi I both claws with six teeth on lateral surface, five teeth on median surface; tarsus II each claw with four teeth on lateral surface, five teeth on median surface (figs. 57–60). Booklungs apparently with single leaf, posterior spiracles leading to pair of large tracheae extending into cephalothorax, with numerous abdominal trachaeoles branching off at base (fig. 71). Anterior receptaculum large, spherical; posterior receptaculum large, bilobed, with two pore fields bearing short glands (figs. 72–78).

MATERIAL EXAMINED: UNITED KING- DOM: England: Derbyshire: Chatsworth House Park, Apr. 11, 1987 (M. Roberts, AMNH PBI_OON 37527), 2♀. Oxfordshire: Wytham Woods , Aug. 30, 1953 ( AMNH PBI_OON 1749) , 1♀. Yorkshire: Sheffield, Ecclesall Woods , May 9, 1987 (M. Roberts, AMNH PBI_OON 36414) , 1♀. Scotland: Chirnside: Scottish Borders, 5 mi N border with England, 9 mi inland from Berwickupon-Tweed , Sept. 1999 (M. Roberts, AMNH PBI_OON 36412) , 13, 2♀; Scottish Borders, Violet Bank , Sept. 30–Oct. 3, 2008 (M. Roberts, AMNH PBI_OON 36411) , 13, 1♀; Edinburg, Polwart Gardens , Oct. 5, 2008 (M. Roberts, AMNH PBI_OON 36410) , 13, 5♀. Wales: Denbighshire: Cilygroeslwyd Wood, near Ruthin , Aug. 20, 1972 (M. Roberts, AMNH PBI_OON 37526) , 13. Gwynedd: Llanrug, South Bank of River Seint , Aug. 25, 1973 (M. Roberts, AMNH PBI_OON 36413) , 13, 2♀. Isle of Anglesey: Gogarth Reserve , May 16, 1973 (M. Roberts, AMNH PBI_OON 37525) , 13.

DISTRIBUTION: The full distribution of the species remains to be established, but it has reportedly been introduced into areas outside Europe, such as Tasmania ( Hickman, 1979).

NATURAL HISTORY: Templeton (1835) reported that these spiders overwinter in cocoons in ivy, and Michael Roberts (in litt.) has confirmed that they are frequently taken in ivy, often in close company with the cribellate spider Amaurobius similis (Blackwall) .

Figures

Figs. 1–8. Oonops pulcher Templeton, male. 1. Habitus, dorsal view. 2. Same, lateral view. 3. Carapace, dorsal view. 4. Same, lateral view. 5. Carapace platelets, lateral view. 6. Carapace, anterior view. 7. Clypeus, anterior view (arrows point to depressions bearing pores). 8. Clypeal pore, anterior view.

Figs. 9–16. Oonops pulcher Templeton, male. 9. Cephalothorax, ventral view. 10. Chelicerae, anterior view. 11. Same, posterior view. 12. Labium and endites, posterior view (arrow points to opening on endite). 13. Labrum and endites, anterior view. 14. Epigastric region, ventral view. 15. Claws of leg I, distal view. 16. Same, lateral view.

Figs. 17–24. Oonops pulcher Templeton, male. 17. Claws of leg II, lateral view. 18. Same, leg III. 19. Same, leg IV. 20. Platelets on palpal femur, retrolateral view. 21. Trichobothrial base from metatarsus III, dorsal view. 22. Tarsal organ from palp, dorsal view. 23. Same, leg I. 24. Same, leg II.

Figs. 25–32. Oonops pulcher Templeton, male. 25. Tarsal organ from leg III, dorsal view. 26. Same, leg IV. 27. Spinnerets, posterior view. 28. Same, anterior lateral spinneret. 29. Same, posterior median spinneret. 30. Same, posterior lateral spinneret. 31. Palp, prolateral view. 32. Same, retrolateral view.

Figs. 33–40. Oonops pulcher Templeton, male. 33. Conductor, prolateral view. 34. Same, retrolateral view. 35. Embolus, prolateral view. 36. Same, tip. 37. Same, retrolateral view. 38. Compound microscope, palp, prolateral view. 39. Same, retrolateral view. 40. Same, conductor and embolus.

Figs. 41–48. Oonops pulcher Templeton, female. 41. Habitus, dorsal view. 42. Same, lateral view. 43. Carapace, dorsal view. 44. Same, lateral view. 45. Carapace platelets, dorsal view. 46. Carapace, anterior view. 47. Cephalothorax, ventral view. 48. Serrula, anterior view.

Figs. 49–56. Oonops pulcher Templeton, female. 49. Chelicerae, anterior view. 50. Same, posterior view. 51. Palp, prolateral view. 52. Same, retrolateral view. 53. Palpal tibia, dorsal view (arrows point to trichobothrial bases). 54. Tip of palpal tarsus, retrolateral view. 55. Labium and endites, posterior view. 56. Labrum and endites, anterior view.

Figs. 57–64. Oonops pulcher Templeton, female. 57. Claws of leg I, lateral view. 58. Same, leg II. 59. Same, leg III. 60. Same, dorsal view. 61. Tarsal organ from leg I, dorsal view. 62. Same, leg II. 63. Same, leg III. 64. Same, leg IV.

Figs. 65–70. Oonops pulcher Templeton, female. 65. Tarsal organ from palp, dorsal view. 66. Epigastric region, ventral view. 67. Spinnerets, posterior view. 68. Same, anterior lateral spinneret. 69. Same, posterior median spinnerets. 70. Same, posterior lateral spinneret.

Figs. 71–78. Oonops pulcher Templeton, female. 71. Respiratory system, dorsal view. 72. Internal female genitalia, dorsal view. 73. Same, anterior view. 74. Pore field of posterior receptaculum, anterior view. 75. Same, presumed secretory gland. 76. Posterior receptaculum, posterior view. 77. Compound microscope, female genitalia, ventral view. 78. Same, dorsal view.