Heteragrion simulatum Williamson, 1919

Vilela, Diogo Silva, Lencioni, Frederico A. A., Bota-Sierra, Cornelio A., Ware, Jessica L. & Bispo, Pitágoras C., 2023, Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Zygoptera: Heteragrionidae): male morphology, new species and illustrated key, Zootaxa 5356 (1), pp. 1-96 : 83-84

Heteragrion simulatum Williamson, 1919

( Figs. 61a–e )

[Key locator: Key to Group B species, couplet 6’] Heteragrion simulatum: Williamson 1919: 47–50 (key to species, ♁ in couplet g2; description of ♁ and ♀ from Guyana; comparison with H. ictericum ; 48–49, 70, 97–98, 164–165);— De Marmels 1989: 17 (comparison with H. breweri , H romani and H icterops );— De Marmels 1990: 335 (species recorded in Venezuela);— Hartung 2002: 191 (comparison with H. palmichale );— Garrison et al. 2010: 88 (list of Heteragrion species);— von Ellenrieder et al. 2017: 3 (list of species from Guyana);— Rochas et al. 2022: 200 (species recorded from French Guiana).

Material examined. 1♁ BRAZIL, Amazonas state, Manaus, Igarapé Barro Branco, 20.iv.1995, C. Delgado leg., INPA .

Known distribution. Brazil (Amazonas state), Guyana, French Guiana, Venezuela.

Diagnosis and remarks. Heteragrion simulatum shares a high degree of morphological similarity with H. icterops and H. breweri , with most of their characters except for coloration being identical according to De Marmels (1989). In other words, the head color pattern in H. simulatum is quite darker than in H. icterops and H. breweri , the latter having the most yellow areas between the three. Nevertheless, this species can be distinguished from other Group B (except H. icterops and H. breweri ) species based on the following combination of characters: ridge above ML long, sinuous consisting of small teeth, and a marked carina ( Fig. 61d ); in lateral view, ML bent downwards ( Fig. 61e ); AP the shortest ( Fig. 61d ); S9–10 paler.

Figures

FIGURE 61. Heteragrion simulatum: (a–b) anterior view of head; (c) lateral view of pterothorax; (d) mediodorsal view of cercus; (e) lateral view of cercus; (a) adapted from Williamson (1919), (b–c) adapted from De Marmels (1989). ML: medial lobe.