Ultratenuipalpus hainanensis ( Wang, 1980 )

He, Hu-Die, Jin, Dao-Chao, Ochoa, Ronald & Yi, Tian-Ci, 2024, A new species of Ultratenuipalpus and redescription of Ultratenuipalpus hainanensis (Wang) (Acari, Tenuipalpidae), Zootaxa 5485 (1), pp. 201-225 : 208-221

Ultratenuipalpus hainanensis ( Wang, 1980)

( Figs 16–31 )

Diagnosis. Propodosomal setae v 2, sc 1 simple, sc 2 long broadly lanceolate; setae sc 2 associated with large tubercle; posterior margin evenly rounded; dorsocentral setae (c 1, d 1, e 1) broadly obovate, seta d 3 tiny simple, smooth; seta d 3 lacking tubercle; adult with seven pairs of dorsolateral opisthosomal setae, setae c 3 orbicular and setae e 3, f 2, f 3, h 2 and h 1, obovate decreasing in length. Prodorsum with few coarse striae delineating five regions; opisthodorsum with few coarse striae delineating two medial regions, anterior medial region with U-shaped striae, the rest show few irregular striae; otherwise opisthodorsum mostly smooth. Posterior margin of opisthosoma with a broad rounded projection between setae h 1 usually present. setal count, trochanters 1-1-2-1, femora 4-4-2-1, genua 3-3-1-0 and tibiae 5-5-3-3. Palp tarsus with one eupathidium and one solenidion in the male, whereas lacking solenidion in the female.

Material examined. Two females, Danzhou City, Hainan Province, China, 25 August, 2020, coll. Yun Xu, ex. Lygodium sp. ( Lygodiaceae ); one female, one male and one deutonymph, Danzhou City, Hainan Province, China, 25 October, 2020, by Yun Xu, ex. Lygodium sp. ( Lygodiaceae ). Specimens deposited at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China ( FAFU). Two females and two deutonymphs, Yinggeling National Forest Park, Hainan Province, China, 21 March, 2022, coll. Hu-Die He, ex. Lygodium sp. ( Lygodiaceae ); one female, one male, Yinggeling National Forest Park, Hainan Province, China, 22 March, 2022, coll. Hu-Die He, ex. Lygodium sp. ( Lygodiaceae ); two females, one male and one deutonymph, Danzhou Tropical Botanical Garden, Hainan Province, China, 11 August, 2021, coll. Hu-Die He, ex. Lygodium sp. ( Lygodiaceae ); one male, two deutonymphs and two protonymphs, Bawangling National Forest Park, Hainan Province, China, 07 March, 2022, coll. Hu-Die He, ex. Lygodium sp. ( Lygodiaceae ). Specimens are deposited at Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, China ( GUGC).

Adult female (n=8)

Gnathosoma. ( Fig. 16 ) Subcapitular setae m pectinate, m 9–13, m–m 16–20. Palp 4-segmented, setal formula: 0, 0, 2, 1; tibia with two distal feathery setae, tarsus with one eupathidium 4–6.

Idiosoma. ( Figs 17 , 18, 19 ) Red body with some irregular wrinkles. Idiosoma 337−391 long, 225−274 wide, widest at posterior margin of propodosoma, narrowing at level of setae c 3, then expanding posteriorly; prodorsum smooth, bearing three pairs of prodorsal setae (v 2, sc 1 and sc 2) and two pairs of eyes; setae v 2 and sc 1 simple, sc 2 broadly lanceolate; setae sc 2 associated with large projection. Lengths of prodorsal setae: v 2 4−6, sc 1 4−7, sc 2 72−89; distances: v 2 − v 2 38−44, sc 1 − sc 1 88−111, sc 2 − sc 2 171−207.

Opisthodorsum with three pairs of dorsocentral broadly obovate setae (c 1, d 1, e 1), subequal in length; one pair of humeral setae c 3 and six pairs of dorsolateral setae (d 3, e 3, f 2, f 3, h 2 and h 1), setae c 3 orbicular, dorsolateral setae broadly lanceolate to orbicular, excepting for simple minute d 3; length of setae decreases from e 3 to h 1; posterior margin of opisthosoma with a broad rounded projection between setae h 1 ( Figs. 18, 19 ). Lengths of opisthodorsal setae: c 1 62−79, c 3 35−45, d 1 62−73, d 3 6−9, e 1 52 −78, e 3 66−92, f 2 57−73, f 3 54−74, h 1 42−51, h 2 49−66. Distances between setal bases: c 1 − c 1 53−63, c 3 − c 3 201−235, d 1 − d 1 35−51, d 3 − d 3 177−203, e 1 − e 1 30 −44, e 3 − e 3 161−191, f 2 − f 2 148−175, f 3 − f 3 122−145, h 1 − h 1 40−53, h 2 − h 2 86−103, e 3 − f 2 19−26, f 2 − f 3 20−26, f 3 − h 2 26−28, h 2 − h 1 25−31.

Venter. ( Figs 20, 21 ). Striae longitudinal between seta m to 1a, fine transverse striations between setae 1a–4a and dense round knots in lateral area of ventral idiosoma; all ventral setae slender, setae 1a and 4a flagellate; lengths: 1a 85−166, 3a 12−19, 4a 123−184; distances between setal bases: 1a −1a 31−41, 3a–3a 35−50, 4a–4a 16–24. Genital and ventral plates with flap of cuticles, bearing one pair of aggenital setae ag and two pairs of genital setae (g 1 and g 2), setiform, g 1 and g 2 subequal; anal plate with three pairs of pseudanal setae (ps 1, ps 2 and ps 3). Setal lengths: ag 10−13, g 1 14−19, g 2 12−21, ps 1 23−25, ps 2 53−67, ps 3 8−12; distances: ag −ag 17−62, g 1 – g 1 25−29, g 1 – g 2 6−12, ps 1 − ps 2 7−9.

Legs ( Fig 20 ). Lengths of legs I–IV: 169−200, 143−166, 128−142, 120−148. Chaetotaxy: I 2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 8+ω; II 2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 8+ ω; III 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 5; IV 1, 1, 1, 0, 3, 5. Most dorsal and lateral setae on trochanters, femora, genua and tibiae lanceolate to obovate, ventral setae feathery excepting simple setae on femora III–IV and trochanters III–IV; setae ft ′ on tarsi I–IV flagelliform, much longer than others; ft′′ simple; unguinal setae u pectinate and equal in length; lengths of solenidia: I ω” 7−10, II ω” 7−9; claws pad-like with tenent hairs on each side.

Adult male (n=6)

Gnathosoma. Subcapitular setae m pectinate, m = 8–9, m–m = 15–18; palp 4-segmented, setal formula: 0, 0, 2, 2; tibia with two distal feathery setae, tarsus with one eupathidium 4–7 and one solenidion ω″ 4–6.

Idiosoma. ( Fig. 22 ). Idiosoma 293−307 long, 191−214 wide, widest at posterior margin of propodosoma, narrowing abruptly at level of setae c 3, then expanding posteriorly; prodorsum with a small amount of irregular striation, bearing three pairs of prodorsal setae (v 2, sc 1 and sc 2) and two pairs of eyes. Setae v 2 and sc 1 simple, sc 2 broadly lanceolate, setae sc 2 associated with large projection. Lengths of prodorsal setae: v 2 4−5, sc 1 4−6, sc 2 57−63; distances between setal bases: v 2 − v 2 38−45, sc 1 − sc 1 78−89, sc 2 − sc 2 161−173.

Opisthodorsum with three pairs of dorsocentral setae (c 1, d 1, e 1); aberration of setae c 1: three specimens appears acicular and two specimens appears broadly lanceolate, in particular, one specimen shows an asymmetric form ( Figs 22 , 23A, B ), d 1 and e 1 small acicular, subequal in length; one pair of humeral seta c 3 and six pairs of dorsolateral setae (d 3, e 3, f 2, f 3, h 2 and h 1), setae c 3 orbicular, dorsolateral setae broadly lanceolate to obovate except for simple, minute d 3; length of setae decreases from e 3 to h 1;. Lengths of opisthodorsal setae: c 1 44−54, c 3 26−34, d 1 5−6, d 3 4−6, e 1 4 −6, e 3 54 −70, f 2 46−56, f 3 44−52, h 1 34−41, h 2 41−47. Distances between setal bases: c 1 − c 1 51−57, c 3 − c 3 162−179, d 1 − d 1 23−28, d 3 − d 3 131−145, e 1 − e 1 23 −26, e 3 − e 3 122−140, f 2 − f 2 115−128, f 3 − f 3 97−105, h 1 − h 1 33−38, h 2 − h 2 66−73, e 3 − f 2 17−19, f 2 − f 3 17−19, f 3 − h 2 19−21, h 2 − h 1 19−21.

Venter. ( Fig. 24 ) Cuticle with fine transverse striae between 1a and 4a, with widely spaced transverse plicae and striae between 4a and ag, and narrow central band of fine transverse striae between ag and g 1; area of smooth cuticle sublaterally between setae ag and ps 1; band of finely pustulate cuticle around posterior body margin. All ventral setae slender, setae 1a and 4a flagellate. Setae ps 3 modified as accessory genital stylets, thickened, spinelike, concealed beneath anal valves. Lengths: 1a 82−134, 3a 16−22, 4a 133−152. Distances: 1a −1a 28−29, 3a–3a 28−35, 4a–4a 18–21; ag 9−15, g 1 10−14, g 2 9−10, ps 1 15−18, ps 2 42−53, ps 3 13−16. Distances: ag −ag 18−20, g 1 – g 1 23−25, g 1 –g 2 4−9, ps 1 − ps 2 5−8.

Aedeagus. ( Fig. 23C ). Length 81−82, narrow, elongate and sclerotized.

Legs. ( Fig. 25 ). Compared with females, males with extra solenidion on tarsi I–II ( Fig. 25 ). Lengths of legs I–IV: 153−165, 127−140, 112−125, 117−123; setal counts: I 2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 8+2 ω; II 2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 8+2 ω; III 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 5; IV 1, 1, 1, 0, 3, 5; most dorsal and lateral setae on trochanters, femora, genua and tibiae narrowly to broadly lanceolate to obovate, ventral setae feathery excepting for simple setae on femora III–IV and trochanter III–IV; setae ft ′ on tarsi I–IV flagelliform, much longer than others; ft′′ simple; unguinal setae (u) pectinate and equal in length; lengths of solenidia: I ω’ 11−13, ω” 9−11, II ω’ 9−12, ω” 8−10.

Deutonymph (n=6)

Gnathosoma. Subcapitular setae m simple, m 4–8, m–m 13–15; palp 4-segmented, setal formula: 0, 0, 2, 1; tibia with two feathery setae near distal portion, tarsus with one eupathidium 3–4.

Idiosoma. ( Figs. 26, 27 ). Idiosoma smaller than female, 329−397 long, 233−282 wide; prodorsal setae v 2 and sc 1 acicular and minute, sc 2 lanceolate; dorsocentral setae small and lanceolate. Prodorsum smooth, with faint transversal striations anterior to setae d 1 and oblique striations between d 1 and d 3. Lengths of prodorsal setae: v 2 3−5, sc 1 4−5, sc 2 56−68; distances: v 2 − v 2 34−40, sc 1 − sc 1 78−101, sc 2 − sc 2 162−175. Opisthodorsum with three pairs of dorsocentral setae (c 1, d 1, e 1) with some variation: four specimens are acicular and two specimens gradually become larger and lanceolate ( Figs 26, 27 ). Lengths of opisthodorsal setae: c 1 7−37, c 3 27−33, d 1 4−40, d 3 4−5, e 1 4 −10, e 3 41 −55, f 2 34−53, f 3 36−50, h 1 30−40, h 2 33−47. Distances between setal bases: c 1 − c 1 51−57, c 3 − c 3 207−247, d 1 − d 1 29−40, d 3 − d 3 169−194, e 1 − e 1 22 −31, e 3 − e 3 137−160, f 2 − f 2 126−148, f 3 − f 3 105−123, h 1 − h 1 37−46, h 2 − h 2 70−87, e 3 − f 2 16−19, f 2 − f 3 18−22, f 3 − h 2 18−23, h 2 − h 1 20−24.

Venter. Striae longitudinal between seta m to 1a, fine transverse striations between setae 1a–4a. All ventral setae slender, setae 1a and 4a flagellate. Lengths: 1a 77−119, 3a 9−14, 4a 48−128. Distances: 1a −1a 34−45, 3a–3a 30−48, 4a–4a 21–30. Setae g 2 absent. Setae lengths: ag 7−10, g 1 8−11, ps 1 11−13, ps 2 34−37, ps 3 6−8. Distances: ag−ag 27−38, g 1 – g 1 16−20, ps 1 − ps 2 5−7.

Legs. ( Fig. 28 ). Setal formula for legs I–IV same as adult female, except trochanters IV nude (seta v′ absent). Lengths of legs I–IV: 96−122, 82−95, 67−77, 57−67; chaetotaxy: I 2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 8+1 ω; II 2, 1, 4, 3, 5, 8+1 ω; III 1, 2, 2, 1, 3, 5; IV 1, 0, 1, 0, 3, 5. Most dorsal and lateral setae on trochanters, femora, genua and tibiae broadleaved to elongated spatulate, ventral setae feathery excepting for setae on femora III–IV and trochanter III–IV setiform; setae ft ′ on tarsi I–IV flagelliform, much longer than others; ft′′ setiform; unguinal setae u pectinate and equal in length; lengths of solenidia: I ω” 4−6, II ω” 4−5; claws pad-like with tenent hairs on each side.

Protonymph (n=2)

Gnathosoma. Similar to adult female. m = 5–6, m–m = 12–15; eupathidia 3–4.

Idiosoma. ( Fig. 29 ). Oval shape of body, measurements: 267−304 long, 206−226 wide; prodorsal setae same as deutonymph. Anterior margin of prodorsum with median-forked projection forming a broad notch. Lengths of prodorsal setae: v 2 3−4, sc 1 3−4, sc 2 45−51; distances: v 2 − v 2 29−34, sc 1 − sc 1 77−80, sc 2 − sc 2 139−152. Dorsocentral setae spatulate to tiny setiform; humerals c 3 and dorsolateral setae (d 3, e 3, f 2, f 3, h 2 and h 1) similar to deutonymph. Length of opisthodorsal setae: c 1 10−21, c 3 27−31, d 1 5−10, d 3 3−4, e 1 3 −5, e 3 34 −35, f 2 30−36, f 3 30−37, h 1 26−28, h 2 64−68. Distances between setal bases: c 1 − c 1 30−34, c 3 − c 3 189−200, d 1 − d 1 24−32, d 3 − d 3 150−151, e 1 − e 1 18 −24, e 3 − e 3 126−129, f 2 − f 2 113−118, f 3 − f 3 91−98, h 1 − h 1 31−38, h 2 − h 2 64−68, e 3 − f 2 12−15, f 2 − f 3 15−16, f 3 − h 2 14−18, h 2 − h 1 16−17.

Venter. Striae mostly weakly transverse; all ventral setae smooth and thin; in comparison with the deutonymph, protonymph lacks three pairs of setae (4a, 4b and g 1), setae 1a flagellate. Lengths: 1a 85−126, 3a 12−13; distances: 1a −1a 28−29, 3a–3a 34−43; anal plate with three pairs of pseudanal setae (ps 1, ps 2 and ps 3), setae ps 2 does not extend beyond the edge of opisthosoma. Setae lengths: ag 8−9, ps 1 8−13, ps 2 11−19, ps 3 4−8; distances: ag −ag 22−27, ps 1 − ps 2 4−7.

Legs. ( Fig. 30 ). Compared to deutonymph, setae similar to deutonymph in form, except for narrowly lanceolate setae of l′ on trochanter III ( Fig. 31 ). All typical 13 setae are absent on legs I–IV in protonymph— v′, l′ and (d, l″) on leg I, 2c, v′, l′ and (d, l″) on leg II, v′ on leg III, 4b, (tc′, tc″) on leg IV. Lengths of legs I–IV: 75−78, 60−66, 51−58, 36−42. Chaetotaxy: I 2, 0, 3, 1, 5, 8+1 ω; II 1, 0, 3, 1, 5, 8+1 ω; III 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 5; IV 0, 0, 1, 0, 3, 3.

Figures

FIGURE 16. Ultratenuipalpus hainanensis, female, gnathosoma.

FIGURE 17. Ultratenuipalpus hainanensis, ecological photograph.

FIGURES 18–19. Ultratenuipalpus hainanensis, female, dorsum.

FIGURES 20–21. Ultratenuipalpus hainanensis, female, venter.

FIGURE 22. Ultratenuipalpus hainanensis, male, dorsum.

FIGURE 23. Ultratenuipalpus hainanensis, male, A, B, setae of c1; C, aedaegus.

FIGURE 24. Ultratenuipalpus hainanensis, male, venter.

FIGURE 25. Ultratenuipalpus hainanensis, male, tarsi of legs I–II.

FIGURES 26–27. Ultratenuipalpus hainanensis, deutonymph, dorsum.

FIGURE 28. Ultratenuipalpus hainanensis, deutonymph, A–D, legs I–IV.

FIGURE 29. Ultratenuipalpus hainanensis, protonymph, dorsum.

FIGURE 30. Ultratenuipalpus hainanensis, protonymph, A–D, legs I–IV.

FIGURE 31. Ultratenuipalpus hainanensis, deutonymph l′ on trochanter III and protonymph l′ on trochanter III.

FIGURES 10–11. Ultratenuipalpus dicranopteris sp. nov., male, dorsum.

FIGURES 12–13. Ultratenuipalpus dicranopteris sp. nov., male, venter.