Chlaenius (Agostenus) quadrisulcatus ( Paykull, 1790 )

Sundukov, Yurii N. & Makarov, Kirill V., 2022, Notes on the systematics and nomenclature of some taxa of the genus Chlaenius Bonelli, 1810 (Coleoptera, Carabidae) from the Far East, Zootaxa 5222 (2), pp. 190-200 : 195-198

Chlaenius (Agostenus) quadrisulcatus ( Paykull, 1790)

( Figs 16–18 , 21–24 )

Carabus Quadrisulcatus Paykull, 1790: 109–110 ; type locality: “Gottlandia”, Gotland Island , Sweden .

Tachypus caelatus Weber, 1801: 42–43 ; type locality: “In Holfatia”, Holstein , Germany .

Chlaenius (Agostenus) gebleri Ganglbauer, 1891 : records from Japan and Sakhalin.

Chlaenius (Agostenus) sulcicollis (Paykull, 1798) : records from Japan by Yoshimatsu et al. (2018).

Material examined. Kuril Islands: Kunashir Island , swamp in the interfluve of Rikord and Belozerskaya rivers, 28.V.2016, Yu. Sundukov leg., 1 male, 1 female ( FEB) . Primorsky Territory : Sikhote-Alinsky Reserve, Lake Blagodatnoe, 17–22.VI.1998, Yu. Sundukov leg., 2 males, 1 female ( FEB) ; ibid., 8–12.VII.1999, Yu. Sundukov leg., 4 males, 6 females ( FEB) ; hunting base 10 km W of Chernigovka, Ilistaya River , 12.VIII.2001, V. Kuznetsov leg., 1 female ( FEB) ; Lazovsky Reserve , Petrova Bay, 9–12.VI.1995, Yu. Sundukov leg., 3 males, 1 female ( FEB, MPU) ; ibid., 20–23.VI.1991, D. Obydov leg., 1 male ( MPU) ; ibid., Lake Zarya , 13–15.VI.2004, Yu. Sundukov & L. Sundukova leg., 8 males, 6 females ( FEB) ; ibid., 43°01’53”N 134°08’44”E, 20.VIII.2007, K. Makarov & A. Zaitsev leg., 1 female ( MPU) ; Khasansky District , Melkovodnaya Bay, 3.VI.2019, Yu. Sundukov leg., 2 males ( FEB) ; ibid., K. Makarov leg., 2 males, 1 female ( MPU) ; ibid., Narva River near Siniy Utes, 24.V.2021, Yu. Sundukov leg., 3 males, 1 female ( FEB, MPU) . Amur region : Amur Prov., Blagoveshchensk Distr., ca. 15 km N of Natalino, forest, 27–31.VII.2003, B. Kataev leg., 1 male ( ZISP) . Belarus: Belovezhskaya Pushcha , Dikoe Swamp, 5.VI.1999, R. Minets leg., 1 male ( MPU) .

Comparative material. Chlaenius (Agostenus) sulcicollis (Paykull, 1798) : Belarus: Belovezhskaya Pushcha, Dikoe Swamp , 5.VI.1999, R. Minets leg., 1 male ( MPU) ; Markovichi, Vladimirskaya volost’, 13.III.1904, Olsufiev leg., 1 male ( ZISP) . Russia: Orenburg region, near Guberl’ , lake, reeds, 7.VI.1983, V. Starikov leg., 1 female ( ZISP) ; South of Primorsky Territory, Khasan , Golubiny Utes , 30.VII.1972, Lafer leg., 1 male ( ZISP) ; South of Primorsky Territory, hunting base 10 km to the west of Chernigovka , 12.VIII.2001, V. Kuznetsov leg., 1 male ( FEB) ; South of Primorsky Territory, Yakovlevka , sedge-moss swamp, 26.VII.2004, Yu. Sundukov & L. Sundukova leg., 1 female ( FEB) ; South of Primorsky Territory, Khasansky distr. , Golubiny Utes , 2–2.5 km on the way to Khasan , 24.V.2022, Yu. Sundukov leg., 1 male, 1 female ( FEB) .

Chlaenius (Agostenus) alutaceus Gebler, 1830 : Moldova: Kagulsky Distr., near Roshu, floodplain of Prut River , on light, 22.VII.1982, A. Matalin leg., 3 males, 2 females ( MPU); ibid., 7.VII.1981, A. Matalin leg., 1 female ( MPU) . Russia: Novosibirsk Region, Kochenevskiy Distr., Novomikhaylovka , 24.VII.1987, V. Grachev leg., 1 male ( MPU) ; Buryatiya, Dzhidinsky Distr., 2 km E of Belogorsk, Lake Beloe , 50°38′30″N 105°44′18″E, 1–7.VII.1999, I. Melnik leg., 1 male ( MPU) ; Chita Region [Zabaykalsky Krai], near Duroy , 50°00′30″N 118°55′37″E, 16–18.VI.2000, I. Melnik leg., 1 male ( MPU) ; Jewish Autonomous Region, near Bira , 14.VII–2.VIII.1993, P.Udovichenko leg., 1 male ( MPU) ; South of Primorsky Territory, near Lake Khanka , Turiy Rog , 15.VII.1998, V. Patrikeev leg., 3 males ( MPU) ; Primorsky Territory, southern Sikhote-Alin Mts, near Shkotovo , 20.VII.1991, A. Sochivko leg., 1 male ( MPU) ; South of Primorsky Territory, Pogranichnyi Distr. , Barabash-Levada , 12–15.VIII.1998, B. Zhuravlev leg., 1 male ( MPU) ; South of Primorsky Territory, near Pogranichnyi , 5–25.VII.1992, A. Generalov leg., 1 male ( MPU) . Uzbekistan: Karakalpakstan, Takhtakupyr , on light, 29.V.1984, A. Zamesov leg., 1 male ( MPU) .

Distribution. Russia: Southern Kuriles: Kunashir (new record), Sakhalin, Primorsky Territory, southern Khabarovsk Territory, Jewish Autonomous Region, Amur Region; southern Yakutia, forest zone of Siberia, Urals, north and center of the European part.— Japan: Hokkaido, northern Honshu, Kazakhstan, Central and Northern Europe ( Lafer 1989; Kimoto & Yasuda 1995; Averensky 1999; Yoshitake et al. 2011; Vertyankin & Lafer 2012; Sundukov 2013; Akopyan 2014; Khobrakova et al. 2014; Budilov 2017; Kirschenhofer 2017).

Remarks. This species is firstly recorded from the Kuril Archipelago.

Finding Ch. quadrisulcatus in the extreme south of Kunashir, in the immediate vicinity of Hokkaido, has prompted the authors to clarify the confusing situation concerning the distribution of Chlaenius in the Far East, viz. Ch. quadrisulcatus , Ch. sulcicollis and Ch. gebleri Ganglbauer, 1891 .

According to some Japanese authors, only one species of the subgenus Agostenus Fischer von Waldheim, 1829 is known to populate Japan (Hokkaido and northern Honshu): either Ch. gebleri ( Kasahara 1985; Habu 1987; Yasuda & Matsumoto 1993; Kimoto & Yasuda 1995; etc.) or Ch. sulcicollis ( Yoshimatsu et al. 2018) . According to a different point of view, there are no representatives of this subgenus in Japan at all, if Ch. gebleri is regarded as a subjective junior synonym of Ch. sulcicollis ( Kryzhanovskij 1976; Lafer 1989; Kirschenhofer 2003, 2017; Sundukov 2013). Finally, because the species status Ch. gebleri has been resurrected, this species is widely distributed in southern Siberia, the southern Russian Far East, and the Japanese Islands ( Vertyankin & Lafer 2012).

Chlaenius gebleri has been described as Chlaenius (Agostenus) sulcicollis var. Gebleri from Siberia ( Ganglbauer 1891). When describing it, L. Ganglbauer well distinguished Ch. sulcicollis ( Figs 14–15 ) from Ch. quadrisulcatus ( Figs 16–18 ), clearly indicating that the latter species had an elevated, smooth and shiny elytral suture (in the original, “... ist die Naht der Flügeldecken vorn erhobt, glatt und glänzend”) ( Ganglbauer 1891: 391). Thus, there is no doubt that Ganglbauer described the form as Ch. sulcicollis , reminiscent of Ch. quadrisulcatus . It remains unclear who and when assigned to Ch. gebleri specimens of Agostenus from Japan. A study of descriptions and illustrations ( Kasahara 1985: 159, pl. 29, fig. 19; Habu 1987: 4, 8–10, fig. 16; Yoshitake et al. 2011: fig. 33) allows us to reveal that, contrary to the original description, over the last half-century the name Ch. gebleri from Japan has concealed Ch. quadrisulcatus , not Ch. sulcicollis .

The study of all available material of Agostenus shows that three species range from Europe to the Far East of Russia, with clear differences both in external characters ( Figs 13–18 ) and in the structure of the aedeagus and endophallus ( Figs 19–27 ). At the same time, the variability of the shape of the lamella and inner sac is insignificant, whereas the differences between these species are stable and persist throughout the entire distribution range. Thus, there is no reason to believe that any species of Agostenus other than the widespread Ch. quadrisulcatus , Ch. sulcicollis and Ch. alutaceus live in the Far East.

We can assume that the cause of the confusion seems to have been a typographical error in the second volume of the Faune de France ( Jeannel, 1942), where actually it was the aedeagus of Ch. sulcicollus that was depicted on page 977 in figures 323a and 323b., not Ch. quadrisulcatus . This has been confirmed by comparing with museum specimens from Europe. Vertyankin and Lafer (2012), comparing the aedeagus of the Agostenus specimens from Sakhalin with the illustrations in the monograph by R. Jeannel (1942), made an incorrect conclusion of its similarity to Ch. sulcicollis . Based on this, they resurrected Ch. gebleri as an independent species.

Thus, we believe that the Far Eastern islands (Sakhalin, Kunashir, Hokkaido, and Honshu) support only one species of the subgenus Agostenus : Ch. quadrisulcatus .

Figures

FIGURES 13–18. Far Eastern species of the subgenus Agostenus Fischer von Waldheim, 1829, dorsal view. 13, Chlaenius alutaceus Gеbler, 1830 (Lake Khanka, Primorsky Territory, Russia); 14–15, Chlaenius sulcicollis (Paykul, 1798) (14, Belarus; 15, Golubiny Utes, Primorsky Territory, Russia); 16–18, Chlaenius quadrisulcatus (Paykul, 1790) (16, Kedrovaya Pad’ Reserve, Primorsky Territory, Russia; 17, Blagoveshchensk Distr., Amurskaya Oblast, Russia; 18, Kunashir Island, Kuril Islands, Russia).

FIGURES 19–27. Aedeagi of the subgenus Agostenus Fischervon Waldheim, 1829, apical lamella (dorsal view) and median lobe (lateral view). 19–20, Chlaenius alutaceus Gеbler, 1830 (19, Moldova; 20, Buryatia, Russia); 21–24, Chlaenius quadrisulcatus (Paykul, 1790) (21, Belarus; 22, Amurskaya Oblast, Russia; 23, Narva River, Khasansky Distr., Primorsky Territory, Russia; 24, Kunashir Island, Kurile Islands, Russia); 25–27, Chlaenius sulcicollis (Paykul, 1798) (25, Belovezhskaya Pushcha, Belarus; 26, Vladimir.[skaya] Vol.[olst’], Belarus; 27, Golubinyi Utes, Primorsky Territory, Russia).