Calliephialtes grapholithae ( Cresson, 1890 )

Khalaim, Andrey I. & Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique, 2022, Darwin wasps of the subfamily Pimplinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Mexico: Ephialtes genus-group, Zootaxa 5169 (3), pp. 201-251 : 210-212

2. Calliephialtes grapholithae ( Cresson, 1890)

( Figs 8 , 13, 14 )

Pimpla grapholithae Cresson 1890: 50

[ ♀ ♂ (ANSP); USA: Missouri, Pennsylvania, ex Grapholitha caryae (= Acrobasis caryae )].

Synonym:

Pimpla xanthothorax Ashmead, 1890 ( Cushman 1915: 133) .

References. Morley 1914: 13 [ C. xanthothorax ; remarks]. Cushman 1915: 133 [ C. xanthothorax (syn.)]. Cresson 1916: 34 [lectotype ♂ ( ANSP) designated; USA, Pennsylvania]. Nickels et al. 1950: 12, 20 [host, biology]. Nickels 1951 [ USA (Texas); host]. Townes & Townes 1951: 188 [catalogue]. Townes & Townes 1960: 85 [description; Canada (Ontario), eastern and southeastern USA; host]. Allen 1962: 71 [host]. Finlayson 1967: 1247 [ Canada (Ontario); host; description of larva]. Phillips & Proctor 1970: 1396 [ Canada (Ontario); host]. Neunzig 1972 [revision of Acrobasis spp. (Pyralidae) ; host]. Plakidas 1978: 222 [ USA (Pennsylvania); host]. Carlson 1979: 326 [catalogue]. Freeman & Berisford 1979: 511 [ USA (Georgia); host]. Martinat & Wallner 1980: 46 [ USA (Michigan); host]. Gunasena & Harris 1988 [host]. Yonce et al. 1996 [host]. Barajas 1997 [ Mexico (Coahuila); host]. Brenner et al. 2002 [Hawaii; host]. Oboyski et al. 2004 [Hawaii; host]. Pinson-Domínguez et al. 2005 [ Mexico (Tamaulipas); host].

Material examined. MEXICO. Coahuila: 1 ♀, 1 ♂ ( UAT) Saltillo, 21.i.2002 [collector unknown]. 1 ♀ ( UAT) Los Lirios, Malaise trap, 2.vi.1990, coll. M. Perales. 1 ♀ ( UAT) “P, 17.x.1986, El M ” [illegible text]. Tamaulipas: Jaumave, ex barrenador de nogal, coll. O. Pinson (all in UAT): 9.ix.2004 (3 ♀), 23.ix.2004 (8 ♀, 9 ♂), 7.x.2004 (1 ♀), 28.x.2004 (11 ♀, 16 ♂). 1 ♀ ( UAT) same locality and collector, árbol de nogal, 20.viii.2005. 1 ♀ ( ZISP) Cd. Victoria, Las Brisas, ex Citrus sinensis , 5.ix.2005, coll. O. Pinson. USA. New York: 1 ♀ ( AEIC) Youngstown, ex Curculio larva in hickory-nut husk, 1944, coll. L.L. Pechuman. 1 ♀ ( INHS) Batavia, 8.vi.1913, coll. H.H. Kaight. Illinois: 1 ♀ ( INHS) Wadsworth, 10.vi.1943, coll. Ross & Sanderson. Kentucky: 1 ♀ ( AEIC) Golden Pond, Malaise trap, v.1965. South Carolina: 2 ♀ ( AEIC) Pickens Co., Wattacoo, 17.v and 14.vi.1959, coll. G.F. Townes. Texas: 1 ♂ ( TAMU) Montgomery Co., Jones State Forest, 8 mi. S of Conroe, Malaise trap, 13–19.iv.1987, coll. R. Wharton. 1 ♀, 1 ♂ ( AEIC) Fredericksburg, 5–17.v.1988, coll. H. & M. Townes. 3 ♀ ( AEIC) Kerrville, 4–8.v.1988, coll. H. & M. Townes. 1 ♀ ( AEIC) Fredericksburg, 17.v.1988, H. & M. Townes. Alabama: 1 ♀ ( AEIC) Gulf Shores, 23.iv.1968, coll. H. & M. Townes. Florida: 1 ♂ ( UAT) Monticello, Jafferson, University of Florida, 16–24.iii.2001, coll. R. Mizell. 1 ♂ ( AEIC) Gainesville, 3.iv.1986.

Distribution. Canada (Ontario), USA (east and southeast), Mexico (Coahuila, Tamaulipas).

Biology. Reared from a large variety of caterpillars in galls, nuts, fruits and stems in the USA and Canada. Many records are from Acrobasis spp. (Pyralidae) and Cydia caryana (Tortricidae) feeding in fruits of the pecan Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch (Juglandaceae) .

Registered as parasitoid of Acrobasis betulella Hulst (= hebescella Hulst) ( Townes & Townes 1960; Finlayson 1967; Neunzig 1972: 100), the hickory shoot borer A. caryae Grote ( Hamilton 1890; Nickels et al. 1950; Allen 1962; Finlayson 1967), A. carpinivorella Neunzig ( Neunzig 1972: 92) , the pecan nursery casemaker A. caryivorella Ragonot ( Nickels 1951; Finlayson 1967; Neunzig 1972: 75), A. comptoniella Hulst ( Neunzig 1972: 111) , A. coryliella Duar ( Neunzig 1972: 89) , A. elyi Neunzig ( Neunzig 1972: 37) , A. exsulella (Zeller) ( Neunzig 1972: 54) , the leaf crumpler? A. indigenella (Zeller) ( Finlayson 1967; probably this record applies to A. juglandis , not to A. indigenella —see Neunzig 1972: 23), the pecan leaf casebearer A. juglandis (LeBaron) ( Townes & Townes 1960; Allen 1962; Finlayson 1967; Martinat & Wallner 1980), the pecan nut casebearer A. nuxvorella Neunzig ( Neunzig 1972: 33, 34; Gunasena & Harris 1988: 109), and the alder tubemaker moth A. rubrifasciella Packard ( Townes & Townes 1960; Finlayson 1967; Neunzig 1972: 106). Some records from A. betulella , A. caryae and A. caryvorella published before 1970 may actually belong to A. nuxvorella ( Neunzig 1972: 32) .

Reared from the hickory shuckworm moth Cydia caryana (Fitch) ( Nickels et al. 1950; Townes & Townes 1960; Allen 1962; Gunasena & Harris 1988: 108; Yonce et al. 1996), C. pomonella L. ( Tortricidae ) ( Allen 1962), Epiblema strenuana (Walker) ( Allen 1962) , E. scudderiana (Clemens) (Tortricidae) ( Plakidas 1978), the oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Tortricidae) ( Townes & Townes 1960; Allen 1962; Phillips & Proctor 1970), the nantucket pine tip moth Rhyacionia frustrana (Scudder in Comstock) ( Tortricidae ) on Pinus taeda L. ( Pinaceae ) ( Freeman & Berisford 1979), the evergreen bagworm Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haworth) (Psychidae) ( Townes & Townes 1960), Meskea dyspteraria Grote (Thyrididae) ( Townes & Townes 1960; Allen 1962) and the ceanothus stem gall moth Periploca ceanothiella (Cosens) (Cosmopterigidae) ( Townes & Townes 1960).

Reared from endemic Cydia spp. on Sophora chrysophylla (Salisb.) Seem. (Fabaceae) in Hawaii, where it was probably accidentally introduced to ( Brenner et al. 2002; Oboyski et al. 2004).

Besides the Lepidoptera , C. grapholithae was reported as a parasitoid of Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) ( Coleoptera : Curculionidae ) ( Townes & Townes 1960) and unknown host in a Phylloxera gall ( Hemiptera : Phylloxeridae ) ( Townes & Townes 1960). In the examined material from the AEIC, one female was recorded as a parasitoid of Curculio larva from the hickory-nut husk in New York.

Following host records require confirmation: Carmenta texana (Edwards) (Sesiidae) ( Townes & Townes 1960) and Euura salicisnodus Walsh (= s-nodus Walsh) ( Hymenoptera : Tenthredinidae ) ( Allen 1962: 118).

Recorded as a secondary parasitoid of Bassus acrobasidis Cushman ( Hymenoptera : Braconidae ) in Acrobasis nuxvorella Neunzig ( Nickels et al. 1950: 20; Allen 1962).

In Mexico, C. grapholithae was reared from Acrobasis nuxvorella and Cydia caryana in Coahuila and Tamaulipas ( Barajas 1997; Pinson-Domínguez et al. 2005).

Figures

FIGURES 8–12. Calliephialtes grapholithae, ♀ (Tamaulipas): 8—habitus (without one antenna and ovipositor), lateral. Calliephialtes sittenfeldae, ♀ (Tamaulipas): 9—habitus, lateral; 10—metasomal tergites 1–3, dorsal. Calliephialtes thurberiae, ♀ (Tamaulipas): 11—habitus, lateral; 12—apex of ovipositor, lateral.

FIGURES 13–17. Calliephialtes grapholithae, ♀ (Tamaulipas): 13—mesosoma and base of metasoma, lateral; 14—hind leg, lateral. Calliephialtes sittenfeldae, ♀ (Tamaulipas): 15—head, mesosoma and base of metasoma, lateral; 16—hind leg, lateral. Calliephialtes thurberiae, ♀ (Tamaulipas): 17—mesosoma and base of metasoma, lateral.