SCATHOPHAGIDAE

Ozerov, A. L. & Krivosheina, M. G., 2023, Contribution to the fauna of dung flies (Diptera: Scathophagidae) of Russia with a key to genera and a checklist of the Russian Scathophagidae, Russian Entomological Journal 32 (1), pp. 95-122 : 96-97

KEY TO GENERA OF SCATHOPHAGIDAE OF RUSSIA

1. Anepisternum covered with hairs completely or almost completely, with hairs posterior to anterior spiracle ( Figs 24 , 28, 29 ) .................................................................... 2

— Anepisternum covered with hairs usually along dorsal margin and in posterior part only, without hairs posteri- or to anterior thoracic spiracle ( Figs 22, 23, 26, 27 ) .. 4

2. Katepisternum without setae ( Fig. 29 ). Wing membrane with dark spots ( Fig. 53 ) ................. Ernoneura Becker

— Katepisternum with one strong seta in upper posterior corner ( Fig. 28 ). Wing membrane without dark spots (except for possible shading of crossveins r-m and dmcu) ................................................................................. 3

3. Postmetacoxal bridge present ( Fig. 31 ) ........................... ............................................................ Scatomyza Fallén

— Postmetacoxal bridge absent ( Fig. 30 ) ............................ ..................................................... Scathophaga Meigen

4. Katepisternum with strong 2–3 setae ( Figs 25–27 ) ....... 5

— Katepisternum with one strong seta as in Fig. 28 ....... 10

5. Proepisternum bare without hairs at middle or in anterior part ............................................................................... 6

— Proepisternum is covered with hairs at middle or in anterior part ( Fig. 25 ) .......................................................... 9

6. Postpedicel short, no more than 2 times longer than the pedicel ( Fig. 13 ) ............................................................ 7

— Postpedicel long, about 3 times longer than pedicel (Figs 1, 10, 14) ....................................................................... 8

7. Katepisternum with 2 setae in upper posterior corner. Postpronotal lobe anteriorly without erect spinules ...... ............................................ Delina Robineau-Desvoidy

— Katepisternum with 3 setae in upper posterior corner. Postpronotal lobe anteriorly with erect spinules ........... ..................................................... Neochirosia Malloch

8. Vibrissae weakly developed; proboscis short and wide; postpedicel with rounded upper apical corner ( Fig. 14 ) ...................................................... Hexamitocera Becker

— Vibrissae well developed; proboscis long; postpedicel with acute upper apical corner ( Fig. 10 ) ........................ ............................................. Cleigastra Macquart (part)

9. Katepisternum with anterior and upper posterior setae present, lower posterior seta absent ( Fig. 27 ) ................ ... Trichopalpus Rondani (part) ( T. punctipes (Meigen))

— Katepisternum with 3 setae ( Fig. 25 ), if with 2 setae, then upper and lower posterior setae present, anterior seta absent ( Fig. 26 ) ................... Cleigastra Macquart (part)

10. Fore tibia of both sexes with ventral apical spur ( Fig. 39 ) .................................................... Acanthocnema Becker

— Fore tibia in both sexes without such spur ................. 11

11. Femur and tibia of foreleg of both sexes with posteroventral row of very strong setae ( Fig. 46) ................ 12

— Femur and tibia of foreleg of both sexes without such row of strong setae ............................................................ 13

12. Head with one pair of orbital setae, postocellar setae absent. Scutellum with a pair of strong apical setae, discal scutellar setae absent or hair-like ( Fig. 37 ). Fore tibia with a row of strong posteroventral setae, anteroventral setae absent ( Fig. 40 ). Female abdominal sternite 8 without spines ( Fig. 59 ) ... Norellia Robineau-Desvoidy

— Head with two pairs of orbital setae, postocellar setae present. Scutellum with a pair of strong discal setae, apical scutellar setae absent or hair-like ( Fig. 36 ). Fore tibia with rows of strong posteroventral and anteroventral setae ( Fig. 41 ). Female abdominal sternite 8 covered with spines ( Fig. 60 ) ...................... Norellisoma Hendel

13. Fore tibia without spinules ventrally ......................... 14

— Fore tibia ventrally with short black spinules, usually in two or more rows on whole length ( Figs 38 , 44, 45, 47–49) .... 27

14. Palpus with strong apical or subapical seta about as long as or longer than palpus (Figs 3, 4) ............................ 15

— Palpus without strong apical or subapical seta (e.g., Figs 5–11, 13–16, 18–21) ................................................. 16

15. Proepisternum bare, without hairs at middle and on anterior part ........................................... Leptopa Zetterstedt

— Proepisternum covered with hairs at middle or on anteri- or part (as in Figs 22, 23 ) ................... Cordilura Fallén

16. Head with ocellar setae absent; orbital setae very short ( Figs 21 , 115 ) ................................... Hydromyza Fallén

— Head with ocellar and orbital setae well developed .. 17

17. Head with strong postocellar setae, as strong as ocellar setae ( Fig. 18 ) ............................ Mixocordylura Hendel

— Postocellar setae thin and short, 2 times shorter than ocellar setae ................................................................ 18

18. Palpus distinctly spatulate ( Fig. 19 ) .......................... 19

— Palpus filiform, at most somewhat flattened but never spatulate (e.g., Fig. 16 ) .............................................. 20

19. One short and thin vibrissa present. Arista relatively short, about as long as broad postpedicel, widened throughout its length ( Fig. 8 ) ....................................... ............................................ Acerocnema Becker (part)

— Two strong vibrissae present. Arista well-developed, long- er than postpedicel, enlarged only at base ( Fig. 19 ) ...... ...................................................... Spaziphora Rondani

20. Arista plumose or pubescent; postgena with strong seta ( Fig. 16 ) .................................... Megaphthalma Becker

— ... Arista bare or nearly bare ( Fig. 17 ). Postgena without seta or with very fine seta .......................................... 21

21. Postpronotal lobe anteriorly with erect spines or spinules ( Fig. 32 ) ..................................................................... 22

— Postpronotal lobe anteriorly without erect spines or spinules ....................................................................... 23

22. Postpedicel approximately 2–2.5 times as long as wide ( Fig. 114 ) ........................... Gimnomera Rondani (part)

— Postpedicel long, about 4–5 times as long as wide ( Fig. 17 ) ................................................................................... Micropselapha Becker

23. Vein R 1 bare (e.g., Fig. 52 ) ....................................... 24

—. Vein R 1 setulose on apical third of dorsal surface ( Figs 57, 58 ) ......................................................................... 26

24. Postpedicel approximately 1.5–2 times as long as scapus .............................................................................. 25

— Postpedicel approximately 4 times as long as scapus ..... ............................................. Acerocnema Becker (part)

25. Scutum with scapular setae absent. Male femora of mid and hind legs strongly thickened in the central part ( Figs 43 , 126 ). Basitarsus of hind leg as long as 1/2 hind tibia ......................................................................................... Staegeria Rondani

— Scutum with scapular setae present ( Fig. 20 ; see also Fig. 32 ), if fine, then male femora of mid and hind legs not thickened. Basitarsus of hind leg about 1/3 hind tibia .. ......................................... Trichopalpus Rondani (part)

26. Postpedicel not longer than tarsomere 2 of hind leg ..... ............................................. Gimnomera Rondani (part)

— Postpedicel distinctly longer than tarsomere 2 of hind leg ............................................. Acerocnema Becker (part)

27. Males .......................................................................... 28

— Females ......................................................................... 33

28. Fore femur modified and/or with short black setae or spinules ventrally ( Figs 44, 47–49) ............................ 29

— Fore femur without processes, short black setae or spinules ventrally ( Fig. 45) ....................... Microprosopa Becker

29. Tip of vein M 1 downcurved, wing membrane emarginate between M 1 and CuA l, margin here with long fringe of hairs ( Fig. 55 ) ..................... Pleurochaetella Vockeroth

— Vein M 1 not abruptly downcurved ( Figs 51, 54 ) ........ 30

30. Scutellum with a pair of strong apical setae. ................. ............................................ Paracosmetopus Hackman

— Scutellum with two pairs strong setae (apical and basal) ... .................................................................................... 31

31.. Fore femur ventrally near midlength with bifurcate tubercle, matching with ventral emargination of fore tibia ( Fig. 44) ......................................... Cosmetopus Becker

— Fore femur ventrally with black setae or spinules ( Figs 47–49) ......................................................................... 32

32. Head and thorax covered with whitish or pale yellow setae ........................................... Bostrichopyga Becker ,

— Head and thorax covered with black setae ...................... ...................................................... Pogonota Zetterstedt

33. Fore femur ventrally with black setae or spinules ..... 34

— Fore femur ventrally without black setae or spinules ..... 36

34. Scutellum with a pair of strong apical setae. Head and thorax covered with whitish or pale yellow setae .......... ............................................ Paracosmetopus Hackman

— Scutellum with two pairs of strong setae (apical and basal) ..................................................................................... 35

35. Proepisternum with well developed black seta .............. ............................................. Pleurochaetella Vockeroth

— Proepisternum covered with pale hairs only ................... ...................................................... Pogonota Zetterstedt

36. Tibia of hind leg without anterodorsal setae .................. ......................................................... Cosmetopus Becker

— Tibia of hind leg with 1–2 anterodorsal setae ............ 37

37. Head and thorax covered with whitish or pale yellow setae ............................................. Bostrichopyga Becker

— Head and thorax covered with black setae ...................... ..................................................... Microprosopa Becker

Figures

Figs 22–27. Fragments of thorax of Scathophagidae: 22 — Hydromyza livens (Fabricius), anepisternum; 23 — Trichopalpus fraternus (Meigen), anepisternum; 24 — Scathophaga litorea (Fallén), anepisternum; 25 — Cleigastra flavipes (Fallén), anepisternum and katepisternum; 26 — Cleigastra arctica (Becker), anepisternum and katepisternum; 27 — Trichopalpus punctipes (Meigen), anepisternum and katepisternum. Abbreviations: a kepst s — anterior katepisternal seta; anepst — anepisternum; kepst — katepisternum; lp kepst s — lower posterior katepisternal seta; prepst — proepisternum; up kepst s — upper posterior katepisternal seta. 24 — after Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2021, fig. 6; 25 — after Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2015, fig. 1. Рис. 22–27. Фрагменты груди Scathophagidae: 22 — Hydromyza livens (Fabricius), анЭпистерн; 23 — Trichopalpus fraternus (Meigen), анЭпистерн; 24 — Scathophaga litorea (Fallén), анЭпистерн; 25 — Cleigastra flavipes (Fallén), анЭпистерн и катЭпистерн; 26 — Cleigastra arctica (Becker), анЭпистерн и катЭпистерн; 27 — Trichopalpus punctipes (Meigen), анЭпистерн и катЭпистерн. ОбоЗначениЯ: a kepst s — переднЯЯ катЭпистернальнаЯ Щетинка; anepst — анЭпистернум; kepst — катЭпистернум; lp kepst s — нижнЯЯ ЗаднЯЯ катЭпистернальнаЯ Щетинка; prepst — проЭпистернум; up kepst s — верхнЯЯ ЗаднЯЯ катЭпистернальнаЯ Щетинка. 24 — по Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2021, fig. 6; 25 — по Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2015, fig. 1.

Figs 28–32. Fragments of thorax of Scathophagidae: 28 — Scathophaga furcata (Say), anepisternum and katepisternum; 29 — Ernoneura argus (Zetterstedt), anepisternum and katepisternum; 30 — Scathophaga stercoraria (Linnaeus), postmetacoxal area; 31 — Scatomyza scybalaria (Linnaeus), postmetacoxal area; 32 — Gimnomera hirta (Hendel), anterior part of scutum, dorsal view. 30, 31 — after Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2011b, figs 1, 2; 32 — after Ozerov, 2019a, fig. 2. Рис. 28–32. Фрагменты груди Scathophagidae: 28 — Scathophaga furcata (Say), анЭпистерн и катЭпистерн; 29 — Ernoneura argus (Zetterstedt), анЭпистерн и катЭпистерн; 30 — Scathophaga stercoraria (Linnaeus), постметакоксальнаЯ область; 31 — Scatomyza scybalaria (Linnaeus), постметакоксальнаЯ область; 11 — Gimnomera hirta (Hendel), переднЯЯ часть среднеспинки, сверху. 30, 31 — по Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2011b, figs 1, 2; 32 — по Ozerov, 2019a, fig. 2.

Figs 50–58. Lower and upper calypters of wing (50) and wings (51–58) of Scathophagidae: 50 — Scathophaga stercoraria (Linnaeus); 51 — Pogonota barbata (Zetterstedt); 52 — Acerocnema arctica Ozerov; 53 — Ernoneura argus (Zetterstedt); 54 — Pogonota immunda (Zetterstedt); 55 — Pleurochaetella barkalovi Ozerov; 56 — Microprosopa pallidicauda (Zetterstedt); 57 — Cleigastra apicalis (Meigen); 58 — Acerocnema lobanovi Ozerov, fragment. 51, 54 — after Ozerov, 2016, figs 7, 8; 55 — after Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2012b, fig. 6; 56 — after Ozerov, 2017, fig. 9. Рис. 50–58. Закрыловые чеШуйки крыла (50) и крыльЯ (51–58) Scathophagidae: 50 — Scathophaga stercoraria (Linnaeus); 51 — Pogonota barbata (Zetterstedt); 52 — Acerocnema arctica Ozerov; 53 — Ernoneura argus (Zetterstedt); 54 — Pogonota immunda (Zetterstedt); 55 — Pleurochaetella barkalovi Ozerov; 56 — Microprosopa pallidicauda (Zetterstedt); 57 — Cleigastra apicalis (Meigen); 58 — Acerocnema lobanovi Ozerov, fragment. 51, 54 — по Ozerov, 2016, figs 7, 8; 55 — по Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2012b, fig. 6; 56 — по Ozerov, 2017, fig. 9.

Figs 13–18. Head of Scathophagidae, lateral view: 13 — Delina nigrita (Fallén); 14 — Hexamitocera loxocerata (Fallén); 15 — Leptopa filiformis (Zetterstedt); 16 — Megaphthalma pallida (Fallén); 17 — Micropselapha filiformis (Zetterstedt); 18 — Mixocordylura parva Ozerov. 14 — after Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2015, fig. 3; 17 — after Ozerov, 2014, fig. 7; 18 — after Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2012a, fig. 10. Рис. 13–18. Голова Scathophagidae, сбоку: 13 — Delina nigrita (Fallén); 14 — Hexamitocera loxocerata (Fallén); 15 — Leptopa filiformis (Zetterstedt); 16 — Megaphthalma pallida (Fallén); 17 — Micropselapha filiformis (Zetterstedt); 18 — Mixocordylura parva Ozerov. 14 — по Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2015, fig. 3; 17 — по Ozerov, 2014, fig. 7; 18 — по Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2012a, fig. 10.

Figs 7–12. Head of Scathophagidae, lateral view: 7 — Acanthocnema altaica Ozerov & Krivosheina; 8 — Acerocnema breviseta (Zetterstedt); 9 — Acerocnema gorodkovi Ozerov & Krivosheina; 10 — Cleigastra articulata (Becker); 11 — Cleigastra maritima Ozerov & Krivosheina; 12 — Cordilura albilabris (Fabricius). 7 — after Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2018a, fig. 3; 8, 9 — after Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2018b, figs 2, 1; 11 — after Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2016, fig. 5; 12 — after Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2020b, fig. 7. Рис. 7–12. Голова Scathophagidae, сбоку: 7 — Acanthocnema altaica Ozerov & Krivosheina; 8 — Acerocnema breviseta (Zetterstedt); 9 — Acerocnema gorodkovi Ozerov & Krivosheina; 10 — Cleigastra articulata (Becker); 11 — Cleigastra maritima Ozerov & Krivosheina; 12 — Cordilura albilabris (Fabricius). 7 — по Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2018a, fig. 3; 8, 9 — по Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2018b, figs 2, 1; 11 — по Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2016, fig. 5; 12 — по Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2020b, fig. 7.

Figs 38–43. Legs of Scathophagidae: 38 — Bostrichopyga crassipes (Zetterstedt), fore tibia, an- teroventral view; 39 — Acanthocnema sternalis Suwa, fore tibia, posterior view; 40 — Norellia tipularia (Fabricius), fore tibia, ventral view; 41 — Norellisoma spinimanum (Fallén), fore tibia, ventral view; 42, 43 — Staegeria kunzei (Zetterstedt), mid tibia, anterodorsal view (42) and mid femur, anterior view (43). 38 — after Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2014a, fig. 2; 39 — after Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2014b, fig. 1 (as A. vikhrevi); 40, 41 — after Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2011a, figs 1, 2. Рис. 38–43. Ноги Scathophagidae: 38 — Bostrichopyga crassipes (Zetterstedt), голень передней ноги, антеровентрально ; 39 — Acanthocnema sternalis Suwa, голень передней ноги, сЗади; 40 — Norellia tipularia (Fabricius ), голень передней ноги, сниЗу; 41 — Norellisoma spinimanum (Fallén), 42 голень передней ноги, сниЗу; 42, 43 — Staegeria kunzei (Zetterstedt), голень средней ноги, антеро- дорсально (42) и бедро средней ноги, спереди (43). 38 — по Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2014a, fig. 2; 39 — по Ozerov & Krivosheina , 2014b, fig. 1 (as A. vikhrevi); 40, 41 — по Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2011a, figs 1, 2.

Figs 33–37. Scutellum of Scathophagidae, dorsal view: 33 — Cordilura albipes (Fallén); 34 — Cleigastra flavipes (Fallén); 35 — Cleigastra cornuta (Loew); 36 — Norellisoma spinimanum (Fallén); 37 — Norellia tipularia (Fabricius). 33 — after Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2020b, fig. 12; 34, 35 — after Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2015, figs 7, 8; 36, 37 — after Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2011a, figs 4, 3. Рис. 33–37. Щиток Scathophagidae, сверху: 33 — Cordilura albipes (Fallén); 34 — Cleigastra flavipes (Fallén); 35 — Cleigastra cornuta (Loew); 36 — Norellisoma spinimanum (Fallén); 37 — Norellia tipularia (Fabricius). 33 — по Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2020b, fig. 12; 34, 35 — по Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2015, figs 7, 8; 36, 37 — по Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2011a, figs 4, 3.

Figs 59, 60. End of female abdomen, lateral view: 59 — Norellia tipularia (Fabricius); 60 — Norellisoma spinimanum (Fallén). 59, 60 — after Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2011a, figs 10, 11. Рис. 59, 60. Конец брюШка самки, сбоку: 59 — Norellia tipularia (Fabricius); 60 — Norellisoma spinimanum (Fallén). 59, 60 — по Ozerov & Krivosheina, 2011a, figs 10, 11.

Figs 19–21. Head of Scathophagidae, lateral view (19, 20) and dorsolateral view (21): 19 — Spaziphora hydromyzina (Fallén); 20 — Trichopalpus nearcticus (Vockeroth); 21 — Hydromyza livens (Fabricius). Рис. 19–21. Голова Scathophagidae, сбоку (19, 20) и дорсолатерально (21): 19 — Spaziphora hydromyzina (Fallén); 20 — Trichopalpus nearcticus (Vockeroth); 21 — Hydromyza livens (Fabricius).

Figs 112–117. Habitus of Scathophagidae: 112 — Neochirosia veratri (Hendel); 113 — Ernoneura argus (Zetterstedt); 114 — Gimnomera tarsea (Fallén); 115 — Hydromyza livens (Fabricius); 116 — Leptopa filiformis Zetterstedt; 117 — Megaphthalma pallida (Fallén). 114 — after Ozerov, 2019a, fig.1. Рис. 112–117. ОбЩий вид Scathophagidae: 112 — Neochirosia veratri (Hendel); 113 — Ernoneura argus (Zetterstedt); 114 — Gimnomera tarsea (Fallén); 115 — Hydromyza livens (Fabricius); 116 — Leptopa filiformis Zetterstedt; 117 — Megaphthalma pallida (Fallén). 114 — по Ozerov, 2019a, fig.1.

Figs 124–128. Habitus of Scathophagidae: 124 — Scathophaga stercoraria (Linnaeus); 125 — Spaziphora hydromyzina (Fallén); 126 — Staegeria kunzei (Zetterstedt); 127 — Trichopalpus fraternus (Meigen); 128 — Trichopalpus punctipes (Meigen). 124 — after Ozerov & Freidberg, 2011, fig. 24; 127, 128 — after Ozerov, 2019c, figs 1, 2. Рис. 124–128. ОбЩий вид Scathophagidae: 124 — Scathophaga stercoraria (Linnaeus); 125 — Spaziphora hydromyzina (Fallén); 126 — Staegeria kunzei (Zetterstedt); 127 — Trichopalpus fraternus (Meigen); 128 — Trichopalpus punctipes (Meigen). 124 — по Ozerov & Freidberg, 2011, fig. 24; 127, 128 — по Ozerov, 2019c, figs 1, 2.