Xanthopimpla yoshimurai, Watanabe & Matsumoto, 2021

Watanabe, Kyohei & Matsumoto, Rikio, 2021, Revision of the genus Xanthopimpla Saussure, 1892 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) from Japan, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 68 (2), pp. 269-297 : 269

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/dez.68.69768
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7E2958A3-5E87-4218-8689-F9D2C98A0E24
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/955D2DCC-88D8-4CF6-B019-9EBBF76D9532
taxon LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:act:955D2DCC-88D8-4CF6-B019-9EBBF76D9532
treatment provided by	Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift by Pensoft
scientific name	Xanthopimpla yoshimurai
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Xanthopimpla yoshimurai sp. nov.

Figs 2H, I View Figure 2 , 3G, M View Figure 3 , 4N View Figure 4 , 5O, R View Figure 5 , 6C, H View Figure 6

Type series.

Holotype: F, Japan, Honshu, Kyoto Pref., Maizuru City, Nyo, 10-30 Aug 2010, T. Murao leg. (MT) (OMNH). Paratypes: Japan: [Honshu] 4 F, same data as holotype (3 F, OMNH; 1 F, KPMNH); 1 F, ditto, 20 Jun-10 Jul 2011 (OMNH); 1 F, ditto, 10-20 Sep 2011 (OMNH); 2 F, Kyoto Pref., Ide Town, Tagakataharayama, Taishoike, 13 Jan 2019, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH-Pol-713); 1 F, Nara Pref., Nara City, Byakugouji-cho, Takamadoyama, 19 May 2017, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH); 3 F, Nara Pref., Yamatokoriyama City, Yata-cho, 7 Sep 2011, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH); 1 F, ditto, 6 Dec 2010 (OMNH); 1 F, ditto, 4 Jan. 2018, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH); 1 F, Nara Pref., Ikoma City, Ichibu-cho, 19 Feb 2010, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH); 1 F, Nara Pref., Tenri City, Shimonigo Town, 9 Feb 2015, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH); 2 F, Hyogo Pref., Sanda City, Arimafuji-park, 20 Dec 2008, H. Yoshimura leg. (OMNH); 1 F (DNA-Pol-665), ditto, 4 Dec 2017, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH); 1 F (DNA-Pol-720), ditto, 21 Jan 2019, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH); 1 F, Yamaguchi Pref., Hirao Town, Nishihara, 31 Aug 2008, K. Ban leg. (OMNH); 1 F, (DNA-Pol-083), Ehime Pref., Matsuyama City, Koyoudai, 30 Dec.2011, R. Matsumoto leg. (OMNH); 4 F, Fukuoka Pref., Fukuoka City, Hakomatsu, 17 Jul 1994, Wasano leg. (OMNH); 1 F, Miyazaki Pref., Kobayashi City, Inokodani, 28 Sep-25 Oct 2003, R. Matsumoto leg. (MT) (OMNH); 1 F, ditto, 27 Sep 2003 (OMNH).

Comparative diagnosis.

This species belongs to the brachycentra species group sensu Townes and Chiu (1970). This species resembles X. reicherti Krieger, 1914 in the body colouration, but it can be distinguished by the ovipositor sheath 0.63-0.65 × length of hind tibia (0.56 × in X. reicherti ). This species is also very similar to X. clavata in the body structures and colouration. We can recognise only three morphological differences between this species and X. clavata , i.e. the black spots of propodeum semicircular (triangular in X. clavata ), the lateral sides of black spot of T I not enlarged anteriorly (enlarged anteriorly in X. clavata ) and the basomedian part of T II always without punctures (usually with some punctures in X. clavata ).

Description.

Female (n = 29). Body covered with silver setae, polished, largely smooth, length 7.9-10.4 (HT: 10.4) mm.

Head 0.51-0.53 (HT: 0.51) × length of width. Clypeus slightly convex in lateral view, sparsely punctate, except for ventral margin, 0.59-0.61 (HT: 0.61) × length of maximum width. Face 0.95-1.05 (HT: 0.98) × length of maximum width, punctate. Frons without a conspicuous convexity medially. Length of malar space 0.15-0.2 (HT: 0.2) × length of basal mandibular width. OD: POL: OOL = 1.0: 0.5-0.7 (HT: 0.7): 0.5-0.75 (HT: 0.7). Antenna longer than fore wing. Flagellum with 31-34 (HT: 34) flagellomeres. Length of FL I 5.0 × length of maximum depth in lateral view, 1.54 × length of F II.

Mesosoma. Epomia very short. Front end of notaulus with a sharp-edged transverse crest. Notauli not reaching past centre of mesoscutum, their posterior ends not joined with each other. Mesoscutum sparsely and finely punctate, its anterior end weakly protruded anteriorly. Scutellum sparsely and finely punctate, roundly convex, with a lateral carina that reaches apex (Fig. 3M View Figure 3 ). Mesopleuron sparsely punctate. Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum with a roundly produced lamella,with a shallow median notch. Metapleuron smooth. Propodeum smooth, except for area spiracularis and area lateralis covered with sparse and fine punctures, with lateral section of anterior transverse carina, anterior and median sections of lateromedian longitudinal carina, lateral longitudinal carina, posterior transverse carina and pleural carina, without hill-like swelling (Fig. 4N View Figure 4 ). Median section of lateromedian longitudinal carina sometimes (including HT) weak and partly absent (Fig. 4N View Figure 4 ). Anterior end of lateral longitudinal carina extending 0.45-0.5 (HT: 0.45) length of outer side of area spiracularis in dorsal view (Fig. 4N View Figure 4 ). Fore wing length 6.9-8.8 (HT: 8.8) mm. Areolet present, receiving vein 2m-cu slightly distant of middle. Hind femur 2.3-2.4 (HT: 2.4) × length of maximum depth in lateral view. Pre-apical bristles of mid-tibia 3-5 (HT: 3) and of hind tibia 4-5 (HT: 4) (Fig. 5O View Figure 5 ). Apical bristle of mid-tibia 3-4 (HT: 3) and of hind tibia 2 (Fig. 5O View Figure 5 ). Ratio of length of hind first to fifth tarsomeres 1.8: 1.0: 0.7: 1.5: 2.5-2.6 (HT: 2.6). Largest bristle on hind and mid-tarsal claws not widened next to apex (Fig. 5R View Figure 5 ).

Metasoma. T I 1.0-1.1 (HT: 1.0) × length of maximum width, largely smooth, with a weak transverse depression subapically (Fig. 6C View Figure 6 ). Latero-median carina of T I complete, except for apex obscured (Fig. 6C View Figure 6 ). Dorso-lateral carina of T I absent, except for base (Fig. 6C View Figure 6 ). T II 0.55-0.63 (HT: 0.55) × length of maximum width, sparsely punctate, except for basomedian part smooth. T II to T VI with a posterior transverse foveolate groove. T III to T VIII densely punctate. Ovipositor sheath 0.63-0.65 (HT: 0.65) times as long as hind tibia. Upper valve of ovipositor gradually narrowed towards apex without dorsal minute teeth apically (Fig. 6H View Figure 6 ). Lower valve of ovipositor with 5-6 (HT: 6) distinct teeth (Fig. 6H View Figure 6 ). Ovipositor slightly downcurved apically.

Colouration (Figs 2H, I View Figure 2 , 3G View Figure 3 , 4N View Figure 4 , 5O View Figure 5 ). Body (excluding wings) yellow. Apex of mandible and ocellar area black. Dorsal surface of scape and pedicel blackish-brown. Flagellum dark yellowish-brown to dark brown. Mesoscutum with a transverse black band anteriorly and a black spot in front of scutellum, the band usually (including HT) divided into three black spots. Propodeum with a pair of semicircular black spots on area externa. Wings hyaline. Veins and pterostigma blackish-brown to brown, except for yellowish-brown wing base and base of pterostigma. Hind trochanter with a small dark spot. Base of hind tibia narrowly tinged with black. Hind fifth tarsomere sometimes weakly darkened. T I nearly always (except for a single paratype) with a pair of black spots, its lateral sides not enlarged anteriorly. The black spots of T I united each other (into a single band) in a single paratype. T II rarely (fore paratypes) with a pair of small, weak black spots. T III to T V and T VII with a pair of black spots. Ovipositor dark reddish-brown. Ovipositor sheath black.

Male. Unknown.

Distribution.

Japan (Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu).

Bionomics.

In Japan, adults were collected in January, February, June to September and December. Winter is passed in the stage of adult (Fig. 8B View Figure 8 ). The wintering adults were resting under the leaf of broad-leaved, evergreen trees, such as Castanopsis cuspidata , Ilex pedunculosa and Camellia japonica as X. clavata , X. nipponensis and X. trias . This species is often found with X. clavata . Sometimes multiple individuals composed of these two species were observed under the leaves of a single tree or even on a single leaf. All wintering specimens observed were female exclusively.

Etymology.

The specific name is after Hiroyuki Yoshimura (Sanda City), who collected part of the paratypes and first noticed the differences in body maculation from X. clavata .

Remarks.

Although this species is morphologically very similar to X. clavata and these two species can be distinguished from each other by mainly body colouration, the difference in colouration is quite stable. Furthermore, the DNA sequences of COI and 28S rRNA are considerably different from each other and both species formed distinct clades with high supporting values in phylogenetic analysis, respectively (Fig. 7 View Figure 7 ). For these reasons, we concluded this is a distinct species.