Ixodes, Schulze, 1935

Barker, Dayana, Kelava, Samuel, Shao, Renfu, Seeman, Owen D., Jones, Malcolm K., Nakao, Ryo, Barker, Stephen C. & Apanaskevich, Dmitry A., 2022, Description of the female, nymph and larva and mitochondrial genome, and redescription of the male of Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019 (Acari: Ixodidae), from the short-beaked echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus, with a consideration of the most suitable subgenus for this tick, Parasites & Vectors (117) 15 (1), pp. 1-18 : 6

Subgenus Endopalpiger Schulze, 1935

Figures 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10

Figures

Fig. 2 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019, scanning electron micrographs of idiosoma of male.A Dorsal view; B dorsolateral view; C ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm

Fig. 3 Ixodes barkeri Barker, 2019, scanning electron micrographs of male. A Spiracular plate (arrows show orientation of spiracular plate: a, anterior; d, dorsal). B Gnathosoma,dorsal view. C Gnathosoma, ventral view. D Gnathosoma,anteroventral view. E Coxae. F Trochanter I, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–D, F 0.1 mm; E,0.2 mm

Fig. 4 Ixodes barkeri Barker,2019,scanning electron micrographs of female. A Idiosoma, dorsal view. B Scutum,dorsal view. C Scutum, dorsolateral view. D Idiosoma showing scutum and alloscutum with punctations and setae, dorsal centrolateral portion. E Idiosoma, ventral view.Scale bars: A, E 0.5 mm; B, C 0.2 mm; D 0.1 mm

Fig. 5 Ixodes barkeri Barker,2019,scanning electron micrographs of female. A Spiracular plate (arrows show orientation of spiracular plate: a, anterior; d, dorsal). B Gnathosoma, dorsal view. C Gnathosoma, ventral view (I, palpal article 1; II, palpal article 2; ss the strongly salient part of palpal article 1). D Gnathosoma, anteroventral view. E Coxae.F Trochanter I, dorsal view. Scale bars: A, F,0.1 mm; B–E, 0.2 mm

Fig. 6 Ixodes barkeri Barker,2019,scanning electron micrographs of nymph. A Scutum. B Spiracular plate (arrows show orientation of spiracular plate: a, anterior; d, dorsal). C Gnathosoma, dorsal view.D Gnathosoma,ventral view. E Gnathosoma, anteroventral view. F Coxae.Scale bars: A, C–F, 0.1 mm; B, 0.05 mm

Fig. 7 Ixodes barkeri Barker,2019,scanning electron micrographs of larva. A Scutum. B Gnathosoma, dorsal view.C Gnathosoma, ventral view. D Gnathosoma, anteroventral view. E Coxae. Scale bars: A, E 0.1 mm; B–D, 0.05 mm

Fig. 8 Ixodes barkeri Barker,2019,light microscopy image of female (Barker & Barker Collection reference #B5321), male (# B4994), nymph (#B5321) and larva (# B5321). Horizontal broken scale bars: 1 mm; vertical scale bars also in mm

Fig. 9 Mitochondrial genomes of Ixodes (Endopalpiger) australiensis, I. (Endo.) barkeri, I. (Endo.) woyliei and I. (Exopalpiger) fecialis. Protein-coding genes are shown in green, tRNAs are in yellow, rRNAs are in red, and the two control regions are in blue. Protein-coding genes are labelled by their four-character abbreviations,tRNAs are labelled by their one-letter amino acid abbreviations, and the two control regions are labelled as CR1 and CR2. Mitochondrial genome size variation is indicated in parentheses.The arrangement of genes in these four species is identical except that the main cluster of tRNA genes has the arrangement ARNSEF in the three species of Endopalpiger [I. (Endo.) australiensis, I. (End.) barkeri and I. (End.) woyliei], whereas in the one species of Exopalpiger [I. (Exo.) fecialis] the arrangement is ARNESF.The arrangement in I. (Exo.) fecialis is the first known arrangement in an Ixodidae tick that is different from ARNSEF.Thus, ARNESF might be a synapomorphy for the subgenus Exopalpiger

Fig. 10 Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree from entire mt genomes (14,935 bps).The sequence alignment was put though Gblocks to remove regions with alignment gaps.Tip labels indicate NCBI accession numbers and (Barker & Barker Collection reference nos.). Numbers above branches show maximum likelihood bootstrap support, whereas numbers below branches show the Bayesian posterior probability support. Ixodes pavlovskyi Pomerantzev, 1946, one of the species “Other Ixodes” (sensu Barker & Murrell, 2004), for which an entire mitochondrial (mt) genome was available in GenBank, was set as the outgroup.The scale bar indicates 0.06 nucleotide substitutions per nucleotide site for the 14,935 nucleotide sites in our alignment of theses entire mt genomes. So, for example, there were about 896 nucleotide substitutions along the branch that leads to I. (Ceratixodes) uriae plus I. (Sternalixodes) holocyclus plus I. (Exopalpiger) fecialis, which is marked with an asterisk [i.e. 0.06 nucleotide substitutions per nucleotide site × 14,935 nucleotide sites (bps) =1896 nucleotide substitutions].Ticks in bold were sequenced in the present study