Solenysa reflexilis Tu, Ono & Li, 2007

Ballarin, Francesco, Liao, Hauchuan, Touyama, Zento & Eguchi, Katsuyuki, 2025, Review of the spider genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 in Western Japan and Central Ryukyu with the description of three new species (Araneae, Linyphiidae), ZooKeys 1232, pp. 97-130 : 97-130

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1232.142629
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:322DDAEF-972B-4D0A-A4F7-C94F029DC196
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15040804
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E4C5A51-F3AE-52BC-9AA4-8F8254C2B7E6
treatment provided by	ZooKeys by Pensoft (2025-03-17 15:24:19, last updated 2025-03-17 18:41:28)
scientific name	Solenysa reflexilis Tu, Ono & Li, 2007
status

Treatment

Solenysa reflexilis Tu, Ono & Li, 2007 View in CoL

Figs 6 A-J View Figure 6 , 11 A, B View Figure 11

Solenysa reflexilis Tu et al., 2007: 58, fig. 1 A – H (♂ ♀); Ono et al. 2009: 332, figs 1100–1104 (♂ ♀); View in CoL

Wang et al. 2015: 52, fig. 4 E, F (♀).

Material examined.

Japan: Kyushu Is., Kagoshima Pref., • 1 ♀, Kirishima City, Kirishima Taguchi, Kinkowan National Park , 746 m, 31.86888°N, 130.89015°E, humid broadleaf forest litter, 29. Sep. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. ( FBPC) GoogleMaps • 1 ♀, Kagoshima City, Yoshino Town, near Ryugamizu train station , 32 m, 31.64580°N, 130.60283°E, broadleaf forest litter on a slope, 22. Sep. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. ( FBPC) GoogleMaps • Yakushima Is., 1 ♂, Onoaida, near Onoaida onsen , 121 m, 30.24178°N, 130.54786°E, rather dry broadleaf forest litter with stones, 24. Sep. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. ( FBPC) GoogleMaps • 1 ♀, Koseda , 190 m, 30.38286°N, 130.62455°E, broadleaf forest litter on a gentle slope, 24. Sep. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. ( FBPC) GoogleMaps • 1 ♀, same locality, 30.37402°N, 130.62608°E, mixed forest litter, 23. Sep. 2021, K. Eguchi leg. ( NSMT) GoogleMaps • 1 ♀, Anbo , 207 m, 30.28454°N, 130.61799°E, broadleaf forest litter on a gentle slope, 24. Nov. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. ( NSMT) GoogleMaps • 1 ♀, Kurio , 185 m, 30.29394°N, 130.42351°E, broadleaf forest litter on a gentle slope 25. Sep. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. ( FBPC) GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis.

See Tu et al. (2007).

Description.

Habitus of male as in Fig. 6 E View Figure 6 , habitus of female as in Fig. 6 F View Figure 6 . Palp as in Fig. 6 A-D View Figure 6 , embolic division as in Fig. 11 A, B View Figure 11 ; epigyne and vulva as in Fig. 6 G-J View Figure 6 . See Tu et al. (2007) for a detailed description.

Type locality.

Shimo-kajiwara Itsuki-mura, Kuma-gun, Kumamoto Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. (32.200°N, 130.500°E)

Remarks.

The current known distribution of S. reflexilis covers Kyushu (Nagasaki, Kumamoto, Ōita, and Kagoshima Prefectures) with additional records from Shikoku (Tokushima and Ehime Prefectures), and the Chugoku area in Western Honshu (Shimane Prefecture), Japan ( Shinkai et al. 2024, this work) (Fig. 13 View Figure 13 ). Our new data confirm the presence of S. reflexilis in southern Kyushu, particularly in mainland Kagoshima Prefecture and on the island of Yakushima, where this species has been recently reported by Shinkai and Tanikawa (2023). Previous records of this species in northern and eastern Kyushu should be replaced by the closely related S. bilamellata sp. nov. The record from Ōita prefecture by Serita (2022) might refer to a misidentification of the similar S. bilamellata sp. nov. Records from Shimane Prefecture ( Hayashi et al. 2013 a, b) and Shikoku Island ( Tsurusaki et al. 2011, 2012; Bando 2015, 2019), all except one, predate the revision of the Japanese Solenysa species by Wang et al. (2015) and the description of S. macrodonta and S. trunciformis . Samples published by Bando (2015) examined by us all refer to S. trunciformis . Due to the possibility of misidentifications with other closely related and morphologically similar species endemic to the same areas, the presence of S. reflexilis in Eastern Kyushu, Western Honshu, and Shikoku, remains unclear and should be properly validated based on more recent evidence. Similarly, the precise boundaries between the ranges of S. reflexilis and S. bilamellata sp. nov. in Kyushu are unknown and should be addressed in more detail.

References

Hayashi N, Nojima K, Kataoka D (2013 a) Spider habitat survey at Furusato Sawanouchi Park, Kijicho, Unnan City, Shimane Prefecture (2011–2012). Hoshizaki Green Foundation Research Report 16: 103–120. [In Japanese]

Hayashi N, Nojima K, Kataoka D (2013 b) Spider habitat survey at Furusato Sawanouchi Park, Kijicho, Unnan City, Shimane Prefecture (2013). Hoshizaki Green Foundation Research Report 17: 129–134. [In Japanese]

Bando H (2015) Spiders found in Anan City. Awa Society Bulletin, 60: 67–78. [In Japanese]. Bando H (2019) Spiders found in the Nishi-Iyayama area of Miyoshi City. Awa Society Bulletin, 62: 45–55. [In Japanese].

Ono H, Matsuda M, Saito H (2009) Linyphiidae, Pimoidae. In: Ono H (Ed.) The spiders of Japan with keys to the families and genera and illustrations of the species. Tokai University Press, Kanagawa, 253–344.

Serita R (2022) Spiders collected in Kyushu. Kishidaia 121: 113–118.

Shinkai A, Tanikawa A (2023) Collection information. Yuushi, newsletter of the Japanese Society of Arachnology 52: 2–4. [In Japanese]

Shinkai A, Andoh A, Tanikawa A, Ikeda H, Kuwata T (2024) Japanese Spiders ver. 2024. Self-published CD by the authors. https://kakureobi.sakura.ne.jp/CD2/mainindex.htm [In Japanese] [last accessed on Sep. 2024]

Tsurusaki T, Ishikawa H, Ihara T (2011) Spiders of Ehime Prefecture. Research Report of the Ehime Prefectural Museum of Nature and Science 16: 33–57. [In Japanese]

Tsurusaki T, Ishikawa H, Takasuka K (2012) Catalog of true spiders found in Matsuyama City (2 nd edn.). Catalog of wild fauna and flora in Matsuyama City 2012, 253–264. [In Japanese]

Tu LH, Ono H, Li SQ (2007) Two new species of Solenysa Simon, 1894 (Araneae: Linyphiidae) from Japan. Zootaxa 1426: 57-62. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1426.1.4

Tu LH, Ono H, Li SQ (2007) Two new species of Solenysa Simon, 1894 (Araneae: Linyphiidae) from Japan. Zootaxa 1426: 57–62. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1426.1.4

Wang F, Ono H, Tu LH (2015) A review of Solenysa spiders from Japan (Araneae, Linyphiidae), with a comment on the type species S. mellotteei Simon, 1894. ZooKeys 481: 39–56. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.481.8545

Figures

Figure 6. Solenysa reflexilis from Yakushima A male palp, prolateral B ditto, retrolateral C ditto, dorsal D ditto, ventral E habitus of male, dorsal F habitus of female, dorsal G epigyne, posterior H ditto, ventral I ditto, lateral J vulva, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.05 mm (A – D, G – J); 0.5 mm (E, F).

Figure 11. Embolic divisions of Solenysa species A S. reflexilis from Yakushima, ventral B ditto, retrolateral C S. macrodonta from Hiroshima, ventral D ditto, retrolateral E S. trunciformis from Okayama, ventral F ditto, retrolateral G S. longqiensis, ventral H ditto, retrolateral I S. yangmingshana J ditto, retrolateral. (N. B., in A-D embolus is broken). Abbreviations: AP anterior protrusion of MTA; ATA anterior terminal apophysis; E embolus; LA 1 anterior branch of lamella; LA 2 median branch of lamella; LA 3 posterior branch of lamella; MP median protrusion of MTA; MT median tooth on anterior terminal apophysis; MTA median terminal apophysis; PP posterior protrusion of MTA; PTA posterior terminal apophysis; R radix. Scale bars: 0.05 mm.

Figure 13. Distribution of Solenysa species in the Ryukyu Archipelago and surrounding areas. The Ryukyu Archipelago is marked with a dashed line. Diamonds refer to records of Solenysa spp. from the literature (Shinkai et al. 2024; WSC 2024), dots refer to new records, squares indicate the species type locality, and question marks indicate uncertain records of S. reflexilis.