Acuera umbra, Domahovski & Cavichioli, 2023

Domahovski, Alexandre Cruz & Cavichioli, Rodney Ramiro, 2023, Phylogenetic analysis and revision of the leafhopper genus Acuera DeLong & Freytag (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) based on morphological data, Arthropod Systematics & amp; Phylogeny 81, pp. 79-164 : 79

Acuera umbra sp. nov.

Figs 11 , 12 , 16E-H

Diagnosis.

Coloration (Fig. 16E-H ) predominant black. Face (Fig. 11B ), almost completely black or with frons black medially. Pygofer, in dorsal view (Fig. 11g ), apex with a short biconvex process directed inward. Subgenital plate (Fig. 11H ) without filiform setae. Aedeagus (Fig. 11L, M ) apodemal processes as long as shaft length, strongly curved dorsally; shaft in lateral view, strongly curved dorsally at mid-length; apex not expanded, subapical processes short, directed dorsally.

Measurements.

Total length: holotype male 11.3 mm; paratypes, males (n = 32) 10.0-11.3 mm, females (n = 3) 11.9-12.5 mm.

Description.

Metatibia without intercalary setae between macrosetae; PD, AD and AV rows with 22-25, 12 and 15-17 macrosetae respectively. Metatarsomere I elongated 3.5 × longer than apical width; pecten with 4-5 platellae. Metatarsomere II pecten with 3 platellae. Other characteristics as in generic description.

Coloration.

Head and thorax (Fig. 11A-C ) black. Crown and pronotum with few yellowish areas. Pronotum (Fig. 11A ) with small yellow macula on humeral angle. Mesonotum (Fig. 11A ) with pair of yellow macula near anterior margin. Face (Fig. 11B ) black. Gena with portion between eye and frons yellow. Proepimeron (Fig. 11C ) black. Forewing (Fig. 11D ) almost completely black, except by some large and sparse yellow maculae. Legs black. Specimens from Rio de Janeiro (Fig. 16G, H ) less melanic, with crown, pronotum and mesonotum with black punctures occupying almost all surface. Face yellowish-brown; frons black on middle portion, transverse brown bands over muscular impressions; lorum with black; gena with pair of black maculae, one near mid-length of ventral margin and one near ventral corner of eye; portion around antennal bases black; clypeus black. Proepimeron with black band below pronotal carina and few black punctures. Forewing almost completely black, with small scattered yellow maculae mostly near costal margin. Profemur, with black punctures and pair of black macula, one at base and one on apical third. Metatibia with cucullate bases of setae blacks. Specimens from Paraná are similar to those of Rio de Janeiro but with head and pronotum more yellowish and having a longitudinal black stripe over the coronal suture of crown.

Male terminalia.

Sternite VIII (Fig. 11E ) 1.2 × wider than long; lateral margins convergent posterad; posterior margin emarginated. Valve (Fig. 11F ) 2.5 × wider than long; posterior margin excavated medially. Pygofer, in lateral view (Fig. 11G ), short, 1.5 × longer than maximum height; anteroventral margin straight; posterodorsal margin weakly rounded; posteroventral margin slightly excavated; apex tapered and rounded; in dorsal view (Fig. 11g ), apex with short biconvex process directed inward. Subgenital plate, in lateral view (Fig. 11G ), long, slightly surpassing pygofer apex; in ventral view (Fig. 11H ), elongated, 4.5 × longer than wide; outer margin with minute setae; lateral margins approximately parallel; apex rounded. Connective (Fig. 11I ) about as long as wide; anterior margin excavated; dorsal keel reduced; stem short, wider than long. Style, in dorsal view (Fig. 11J ), with outer lobe small and rounded; in lateral view (Fig. 11K ), blade long and straight, slightly broadened subapically; ventral margin serrated subapically; apex tapered and subacute, slightly curved dorsally. Aedeagus (Fig. 11L, M ) preatrium reduced; dorsal apodeme not developed, dorsal margin rounded, lateral margins not produced laterally; apodemal process as long as shaft, wider on median portion and strongly curved dorsally, apex narrow and spatulate; shaft flattened laterally, slender and long, strongly curved dorsally on mid-portion; apex not expanded, with pair of short filiform processes directed dorsally.

Female terminalia.

Sternite VII (Fig. 12A, B ) with posterolateral angles rounded; posterior margin roundly excavated each side of short median lobe which is V-shaped excavated medially. Pygofer (Fig. 12A, B ) long, 2.3 × longer than the sternite VII length; ventral margin weakly rounded; apex rounded. First valvifer (Fig. 12C ) 1,5 × longer than wide, subtriangular; anterior margin rounded; posterior and dorsal margins straight. First valvula (Fig. 12C, D ) moderately narrow, 6 × longer than wide, slightly broadened on median third. Second valvula (Fig. 12E, F ) 6 × longer than wide; dorsal protuberance reduced and subacute, located before half length of blade; dorsal margin with teeth subapically on apical third.

Material examined.

Holotype male: Brazil: Minas Gerais: "S. [ São] Gonçalo Rio Abaixo ,\ MG, Brasil , (Est. [ Estação] Amb /\ Peti-Cemig ) 12.IX.2003 \ A. F. Kumagai. Col. " (DZUP) . Paratypes: 1♂, same data of holotype except 13.IX.2002 (DZUP) ; 1♂, same data of holotype except 29.XI.2002 (DZUP) ; 1♂, same data of holotype except 26.XII.2002 (MZSP) ; 1♂, same data of holotype except 20.XII.2002 (DZRJ) ; 1♂, same data of holotype except 01.I.2003 (DZUP) ; 1♂, same data of holotype except, 24.I.2003 (DZUP) ; 1♂, same data of holotype except 14.III.2003 (DZUP) ; 1♂, same data of holotype except 27.VI.2003 (DZRJ) ; 1♂, same data of holotype except 12.XII.2003 (DZUP) ; 1♂, same data of holotype except 26.XII.2003 (DZUP) ; 1♂, same data of holotype except 02.I.2004 (MNRJ) ; 1♂, same data of holotype except 12.III.2004 (DZUP). - Rio de Janeiro : 3♂, 2♀, "Brasil, RJ, Cassimiro de\ Abreu, Rebio [Reserva Biológica] União \ Trilha interpretativa\ Malaise 07.XI-\ 13.XII.2013 " (1♂, 1♀, DZUP; 2♂, 1♀, DZRJ) ; 1♂, same data of preceding except 12.XII.2013 - 27.I.2014 (DZRJ). - Paraná : 1♀, " Antonina - PR [ Paraná] \ Reserva Sapitanduva \ Brasil 02.XII.1986 \ Lev. Ent. [Levantamento Entomológico] Profaupar \ Lâmpada” (DZUP); 3♂, " Brasil , PR [ Paraná] Antonina, \ R.P.P.N. Guaricica, \ 25.316°S 48.696°W, 01-\ 04.II.2022, Malaise susp. [Suspensa] \ Trilha dos Pinheiros,\ Entomologia-UFPR" (DZUP); 9♂, " Brasil , PR [ Paraná] Antonina, R.P.P.N. \ Guaricica, 25.316°S 48.696°W,\ 04.II-17.II.2022, Malaise susp. [Suspensa] \ Trilha dos Pinheiros, G. Melo, R. \ R. Cavichioli & A.C. Domahovski " (DZUP) ; 4♂, same data of preceding except 17.II-04.III.2022 (2♂, DZRJ, 1♂ MNRJ, 1♂ MZSP) .

Etymology.

The new species name refers to the singular black coloration of this species.

Remarks.

Acuera umbra sp. nov. was recovered as sister group of A. incepta + A. levara , with low branch support (Fig. 7 ). The new species is similar to A. incepta and A. levara by the subgenital plate (Fig. 11H ) without filiform setae and the similar shape of the apical process of pygofer, style and aedeagus (Fig. 11g, K, L ). However, can be easily separated from A. incepta and A. levara by the aedeagus with apodemal process and shaft, in lateral view (Fig. 11L ), strongly curved dorsally at mid-length, and the apex of shaft not expanded. The aedeagus in A. incepta is nearly straight and in A. levara is distinctly expanded apically. Acuera umbra sp. nov. is placed in the subgenus Acuera Acuera . This species shows substantial color variation between populations of different Brazilian states, but the male genitalia are uniform across populations.

Figures

Figure 7. Phylogenetic relationships of Acuera found in the implied weighting analysis for the two equally most parsimonious trees, K = 3.700 and 4.284, length = 514, consistency index = 0.362, retention index = 0.771. Symmetric resampling values (<50) are marked next to branches; red stars represent the type species of the three subgenera of Acuera. Synapomorphies are marked with black circles, while homoplasies are marked with empty circles.

Figure 11. Acuera umbra sp. nov., holotype male. A head and thorax, dorsal view. B head, ventral view. C head and thorax, lateral view. D forewing. E sternite VIII, ventral view. F valve, ventral view. G pygofer, valve and subgenital plate, lateral view; g apical portion of pygofer, dorsal view. H subgenital plate, ventral view. I connective, dorsal view. J style, dorsal view. K style, lateral view. L aedeagus, lateral view. M aedeagus, posterior view. Scale bars in mm.

Figure 12. Acuera umbra sp. nov., paratype female. A distal portion of abdomen, ventral view. B distal portion of abdomen, lateral view. C first valvifer and first valvula, lateral view. D apical portion of first valvula. E second valvula, lateral view. F apical portion of second valvula. G second valvifer and gonoplac, lateral view. H apical portion of gonoplac. Scale bars in mm.

Figure 16. Species of Acuera, dorsal (left) and lateral (right) views. A, B A. (Acuera) nigrifrons, male, DZUP. C, D A. (Acuera) prodiga syn. nov., holotype male, OSU. E - H A. (Acuera) umbra sp. nov., E, F holotype male, DZUP. G, H paratype male from State of Rio de Janeiro, DZRJ. I, J A. (Tortusana) angera, holotype male, USNM. K, L A. (Tortusana) luhea, holotype male, OSU.