Scaridae

Fricke, Ronald, Allen, Gerald R., Andréfouët, Serge, Chen, Wei-Jen, Hamel, Mélanie A., Laboute, Pierre, Mana, Ralph, Hui, Tan Heok & Uyeno, Daisuke, 2014, Checklist of the marine and estuarine fishes of Madang District, Papua New Guinea, western Pacific Ocean, with 820 new records, Zootaxa 3832 (1), pp. 1-247 : 140-143

Scaridae

Bolbometopon muricatum (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840) —Bumphead parrotfish STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 16, CTR 22, PR 228.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea and East Africa east to Line and Phoenix islands and Samoa, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Usually in groups, in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, in Madang area seen on the outer slope of the barrier reef, 1– 40 m. Marine.

Calotomus carolinus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840) —Star-eye parrotfish STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens collected by W.-J. Chen in Madang Bay. CAS and NTUM material (CAS 65946; NTUM 10036).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East and South Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia, and Tonga. Found over subtidal reef flats, and lagoon and seaward coral reefs, in coral, rubble and seagrass areas, 0– 69 m. Marine.

Cetoscarus ocellatus (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840) —Spotted parrotfish STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 16, CTR 20, CTR 23.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Caroline and Gambier islands, south to Western Australia, New Caledonia, and Tonga. Found in clear lagoon and seaward coral reefs, 0– 30 m. Marine.

Chlorurus bleekeri (Beaufort in Weber & Beaufort, 1940) —Bleeker's parrotfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 7, CTR 0 8, CTR 0 9, CTR 16, CTR 27, CTR 33; also by A. Berberian. AMS material (AMS I.17088-064, I.17090- 023).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Indonesia east to Caroline Islands and Samoa, north to Philippines, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Found in coastal, lagoon and seaward coral reefs, 0– 35 m. Marine.

Chlorurus bowersi (Snyder, 1909) —Bower's parrotfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang and New Guinea, based on a specimen photographed by A. Berberian.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Indonesia east to Palau and New Guinea, north to Ryukyu Islands. Found in rich coral habitat of lagoons and channels, 2– 20 m. Marine.

Chlorurus japanensis (Bloch, 1789) —Japanese parrotfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 1, CTR 0 3, CTR 0 4, CTR 10, CTR 22, CTR 28.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa and western Mascarenes east to Tonga, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Queensland ( Australia) and New Caledonia. Found on seaward coral and rocky reefs, usually on inner reefs with rich coral habitat, 1– 20 m. Marine.

Chlorurus microrhinos (Bleeker, 1854) —Steephead parrotfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 27. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Indonesia east to Caroline Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to northern Australia and Lord Howe Islands. Coral reefs, 1– 50 m. Marine.

Chlorurus sordidus (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775) —Bullethead parrotfish

STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang as Scarus sordidus by Kailola (1975: 195). Specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 1, CTR 0 2, CTR 0 3, CTR 0 4, CTR 0 5, CTR 0 6, CTR 0 7, CTR 0 8, CTR 11, CTR 12, CTR 13, CTR 14, CTR 15, CTR 16, CTR 17, CTR 21, CTR 23. AMS and KFRS material. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Western Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa. Found on reef flats and lagoon and seaward coral and rocky reefs, as well as along drop-offs; juveniles in coral rubble areas of reef flats and lagoons, 1– 50 m. Marine.

Hipposcarus longiceps (Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840) —Pacific longnose parrotfish STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 13. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Cocos-Keeling Islands (eastern Indian Ocean) and Indonesia east to Marshall, Line and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. In groups over sand in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, 0– 40 m. Marine.

Leptoscarus vaigiensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) —Seagrass parrotfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens photographed by A. Berberian. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africa, Madagascar and western Mascarenes east to Pitcairn, south to Western Australia, Kermadec Islands and Rapa. Found in sheltered areas and lagoons, in seagrass areas or areas with hard substrates with thick algal cover adjacent to coral reefs, 1– 15 m. Marine.

Scarus chameleon Choat & Randall, 1986 — Chameleon parrotfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 16. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Eastern Indonesia east to Palau and Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia, 1– 35 m. Marine.

Scarus dimidiatus Bleeker, 1859 —Yellow-barred parrotfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 1, CTR 0 2, CTR 0 7, CTR 0 8, CTR 0 9, CTR 10, CTR 11, CTR 12, CTR 13, CTR 14, CTR 15, CTR 16, CTR 17, CTR 20, CTR 22, CTR 25, CTR 26, CTR 28, CTR 31, CTR 35.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Indonesia east to Caroline Islands and Samoa, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Found in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, 0– 25 m. Transitional water and marine.

Scarus flavipectoralis Schultz, 1958 —Yellowfin parrotfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 1, CTR 0 7, CTR 13, CTR 16, CTR 17.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Indonesia east to Caroline Islands and New Guinea, north to Philippines, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Found in coral reefs, 1– 40 m. Marine.

Scarus forsteni (Bleeker, 1861) —Whitespot parrotfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed at St. CTR 0 3. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Eastern Indonesia east to Caroline Islands and Pitcairn Group, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Found in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, 2– 30 m. Marine.

Scarus frenatus Lacepède [ex Commerson ], 1802 —Bridled parrotfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 7, CTR 21, CTR 22.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea and East Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Line Islands and Ducie ( Pitcairn Group), north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to Shark Bay (Western Australia), Lord Howe Island and Rapa. Found on exposed seaward coral reefs, sometimes in very shallow water; juveniles occur among coral and rubble of lagoon reefs, 1– 20 m. Marine.

Scarus ghobban Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775 —Blue-barred parrotfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 3, CTR 0 4, CTR 0 5, CTR 0 6, CTR 0 7, CTR 0 8, CTR 11, CTR 14, CTR 15.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Panama, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands, south to northern Australia, Lord Howe Island and Rapa. Found in lagoon and seaward coral reefs, on slopes and drop-offs; juveniles inshore on algae reef habitat; entering silty, murky environments, 1– 90 m. Transitional water and marine.

Scarus globiceps Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840 —Violet-lined parrotfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed, photographed and collected at St. CTR 0 1, CTR 0 3, CTR 0 6, CTR 19. AMS and MNHN material (AMS I.17090-022; MNHN uncat.). DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East and South Africa, Madagascar and Mascarenes east to Wake, Line and Gambier islands, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to Shark Bay (Western Australia), Lord Howe Island and Rapa. Found in coral reefs, more common in seaward coral reef habitats than in protected waters, 1– 18 m. Marine.

Scarus niger Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775 —Swarthy parrotfish

STATUS AT MADANG. First record from Madang by Kailola (1975: 195). Specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 10, CTR 14, CTR 16; also photographed by A. Berberian. AMS, KFRS and WAM material. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea and East Africa east to Marshall and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to northern Australia and Lord Howe Island. Solitary, in coastal and seaward coral reefs, 0– 20 m. Marine.

Scarus oviceps Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840 —Dark-capped parrotfish STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 3, CTR 0 6, CTR 10, CTR 13, CTR 22.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Central Indonesia east to Marshall, Line and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to northern Australia and Lord Howe Island. Solitary or in groups, in coastal, lagoon and seaward coral reefs, 1– 20 m. Marine.

Scarus psittacus Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775 —Pale-nose parrotfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 10, CTR 12, CTR 15, CTR 16, CTR 22, CTR 27.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Red Sea, East and South Africa, Seychelles and Mascarenes east to Hawaiian and Marquesas islands, north to southern Japan, south to Shark Bay (Western Australia), Lord Howe Island and Rapa. Found on reef flats and in lagoon and seaward reefs, over corals, 0– 25 m. Marine.

Scarus quoyi Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1840 —Quoy's parrotfish STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed at St. CTR 0 3. WAM material (WAM P.29624-001).

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. India east to Palau and Vanuatu, north to Ryukyu Islands, south to Lord Howe Island. Found in sheltered coastal coral reefs, 2– 18 m. Marine.

Scarus rubroviolaceus Bleeker, 1847 —Ember parrotfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens observed and photographed at St. CTR 0 7, CTR 16, CTR 20, CTR 22.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa east to Panama, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to northern Australia and Lord Howe Island. Solitary or in pairs, in seaward coral reefs, 1– 36 m. Marine.

Scarus schlegeli (Bleeker, 1861) —Yellow-bar parrotfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 0 9. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Central Indonesia east to Marshall and Tuamotu islands, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to northern Australia and Lord Howe Island. Solitary, in coastal and seaward coral reefs, 1– 50 m. Marine.

Scarus spinus (Kner, 1868) —Pygmy parrotfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 14, CTR 25, CTR 27, CTR 31.

DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. Central Indonesia east to Marshall Islands and Samoa, north to Ryukyu and Ogasawara islands, south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Solitary, in coastal and seaward coral reefs, 2– 25 m. Marine.

Scarus tricolor Bleeker, 1849 —Tricolour parrotfish

STATUS AT MADANG. New record from Madang, based on specimens photographed at St. CTR 25. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT. East Africa east to Palau, Line Islands and Samoa, north to Philippines, south to New Caledonia. Solitary, in seaward coral reefs, 10– 40 m. Marine.