Heraeus, STAL, 1862

Dellapé, Pablo M., Melo, María C. & Henry, Thomas J., 2016, A phylogenetic revision of the true bug genus Heraeus (Hemiptera: Rhyparochromidae: Myodochini), with the description of two new genera and 30 new species, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 177 (1), pp. 29-134 : 32-36

GENUS HERAEUS STÅL, 1862

Type species: Lygaeus (Plociomerus) triguttatus Guérin-Méneville, 1857 , by monotypy.

Heraeus Stål, 1862: 314–315 ; Stål, 1874: 147; Distant, 1882: 204; Provancher, 1886: 80; Berg, 1892: 162;

TL HL POcL HW IOcW IOclW CL APLL PPLL APLW PPLW R1 R2 R3 R4 SCL PL BFL DFL DFBL

Heraeus coquilletti

N = 10

min. 6.66 1.48 0.44 0.94 0.48 0.30 0.10 0.64 0.56 1.10 1.62 0.88 0.92 0.76 0.36 0.60 1.20 0.88 1.08 0 max. 7.83 1.64 0.56 1.02 0.60 0.38 0.12 0.94 0.70 1.28 1.90 1.08 1.20 1.00 0.40 0.76 1.52 1.20 1.36 0 mean 7.34 1.54 0.52 0.98 0.53 0.35 0.11 0.77 0.64 1.17 1.77 0.97 1.05 0.90 0.38 0.67 1.36 1.07 1.23 0

SD 0.35 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.09 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.06 0.10 0.09 0.02 0.05 0.09 0.10 0.08 0 Heraeus costalis sp. nov.

N = 10

min. 5.99 1.30 0.43 0.88 0.40 0.27 0.07 0.65 0.48 0.98 1.50 0.88 0.96 0.85 0.32 0.53 1.15 0.94 1.28 0.64 max. 6.75 1.66 0.50 0.96 0.48 0.32 0.14 0.86 0.55 1.07 1.68 0.96 1.10 0.94 0.38 0.67 1.36 1.14 1.44 0.86 mean 6.42 1.41 0.48 0.93 0.47 0.29 0.10 0.71 0.52 1.02 1.57 0.90 1.03 0.89 0.35 0.63 1.26 1.07 1.36 0.77 SD 0.23 0.09 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.08 Heraeus cinnamomeus

N = 10

min. 6.37 1.32 0.48 0.86 0.37 0.26 0.11 0.64 0.50 0.99 1.65 0.80 0.91 0.72 0.32 0.56 1.17 0.93 1.17 0 max. 7.41 1.75 0.53 1.02 0.53 0.34 0.13 0.77 0.69 1.20 1.87 0.93 0.96 0.80 0.38 0.72 1.36 1.12 1.28 0 mean 6.87 1.46 0.49 0.96 0.48 0.31 0.12 0.71 0.58 1.08 1.71 0.86 0.94 0.76 0.36 0.67 1.28 1.03 1.23 0

SD 0.33 0.16 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.05 0 Heraeus itzelae sp. nov.

N = 8

min. 6.08 1.03 0.38 0.91 0.43 0.27 0.08 0.61 0.48 0.99 1.20 0.78 0.88 0.72 0.35 0.56 1.07 0.85 0.98 0.48 max. 7.51 1.54 0.53 1.01 0.54 0.35 0.13 0.75 0.61 1.15 1.85 1.06 1.20 1.04 0.40 0.74 1.50 1.15 1.38 0.59 mean 6.79 1.30 0.46 0.96 0.49 0.31 0.10 0.68 0.56 1.07 1.61 0.93 1.02 0.87 0.38 0.65 1.29 1.01 1.20 0.54 SD 0.60 0.16 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.22 0.11 0.14 0.13 0.02 0.07 0.15 0.12 0.16 0.04 Heraeus setosus sp. nov.

N = 7

min. 5.80 1.25 0.38 0.88 0.43 0.27 0.06 0.61 0.48 0.96 1.49 0.83 0.94 0.75 0.32 0.58 1.20 0.93 1.02 0 max. 6.46 1.34 0.46 1.07 0.48 0.32 0.10 0.82 0.54 1.14 1.68 1.04 1.06 1.02 0.38 0.62 1.60 0.96 1.09 0 mean 6.28 1.29 0.41 0.94 0.46 0.30 0.08 0.68 0.53 1.07 1.60 0.93 1.01 0.93 0.35 0.59 1.30 0.94 1.06 0

SD 0.23 0.04 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.07 0.02 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.04 0.10 0.03 0.02 0.20 0.02 0.05 0 Heraeus caliginosus

N = 5

min. 5.70 1.20 0.48 0.80 0.43 0.27 0.08 0.40 0.45 0.77 1.22 0.86 0.94 0.88 0.35 0.51 1.06 0.94 0.94 0.16 max. 6.46 1.42 0.50 0.91 0.48 0.29 0.08 0.56 0.64 1.01 1.57 0.99 1.17 0.96 0.37 0.61 1.23 1.12 1.20 0.16 mean 6.08 1.33 0.48 0.88 0.46 0.28 0.08 0.49 0.53 0.91 1.43 0.94 1.06 0.91 0.36 0.54 1.15 1.03 1.12 0.16 SD 0.34 0.09 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.15 0.05 0.08 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.00 Heraeus dominicanus sp. nov.

N = 2

min. 6.65 1.55 0.54 0.99 0.50 0.26 0.10 0.61 0.51 0.96 1.55 0.94 1.04 0.80 0.24 0.64 1.42 1.18 1.38 0 max. 6.94 1.55 0.59 1.01 0.51 0.30 0.11 0.78 0.56 0.99 1.58 0.96 1.06 0.80 0.38 0.67 1.44 1.28 0.00 0 mean 6.79 1.55 0.57 1.00 0.50 0.28 0.10 0.70 0.54 0.98 1.57 0.95 1.05 0.80 0.31 0.66 1.43 1.23 0.00 0

SD 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.12 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.10 0.02 0.01 0.07 0.00 0 Heraeus guttatus

N = 10

min. 6.18 1.22 0.40 0.91 0.40 0.20 0.06 0.54 0.53 0.99 1.46 0.66 0.77 0.67 0.32 0.53 1.15 0.96 1.07 0.27 max. 6.94 1.37 0.48 1.04 0.46 0.32 0.10 0.82 0.67 1.20 2.45 0.94 0.96 0.88 0.37 0.62 1.44 1.25 1.38 0.48 mean 6.60 1.30 0.43 0.96 0.43 0.26 0.08 0.68 0.61 1.07 1.71 0.98 0.88 0.76 0.35 0.59 1.28 1.12 1.25 0.38 SD 0.27 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.28 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.06 Heraeus hollyae

N = 2

min. 5.80 1.15 0.40 0.91 0.46 0.29 0.08 0.54 0.50 1.04 1.49 0.70 0.80 0.64 0.37 0.48 0.99 0.96 1.10 0.24 max. 6.08 1.20 0.42 0.94 0.48 0.30 0.08 0.69 0.51 1.07 1.52 0.74 0.82 0.64 0.40 0.50 1.10 1.09 0.00 0 mean 5.94 1.18 0.41 0.93 0.47 0.30 0.08 0.62 0.50 1.06 1.50 0.72 0.81 0.64 0.38 0.49 1.05 1.02 0.00 0

SD 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.10 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.08 0.09 0.00 0 Heraeus steineri sp. nov.

N = 8

min. 6.37 1.27 0.43 0.90 0.38 0.22 0.08 0.61 0.51 0.99 1.52 0.78 0.85 0.62 0.35 0.48 1.17 1.04 1.14 0.32 max. 6.94 1.37 0.58 0.98 0.45 0.32 0.08 0.88 0.64 1.15 1.66 0.82 0.91 0.69 0.42 0.64 1.36 1.22 1.28 0.48 mean 6.66 1.32 0.47 0.94 0.42 0.28 0.08 0.69 0.57 1.06 1.59 0.81 0.88 0.66 0.38 0.58 1.26 1.13 1.23 0.37 SD 0.20 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.10 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.05 Heraeus triguttatus

N = 8

min. 6.08 1.25 0.41 0.90 0.30 0.22 0.08 0.62 0.53 0.96 1.44 0.66 0.80 0.56 0.32 0.59 1.26 1.15 1.20 0.37 max. 7.13 1.44 0.50 1.01 0.45 0.32 0.10 0.85 0.66 1.14 1.68 0.83 0.91 0.72 0.40 0.64 1.47 1.26 1.36 0.48 mean 6.73 1.37 0.47 0.95 0.40 0.26 0.08 0.72 0.59 1.04 1.59 0.75 0.86 0.65 0.34 0.63 1.36 1.20 1.26 0.43 SD 0.31 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.09 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.07 0.04 0.07 0.05 Heraeus annulatus sp. nov.

N = 10

min. 5.42 1.01 0.38 0.88 0.42 0.24 0.06 0.48 0.48 0.85 1.34 0.53 0.67 0.50 0.26 0.45 0.91 0.80 0.86 0.32 max. 5.89 1.27 0.43 0.94 0.48 0.29 0.08 0.56 0.53 0.96 1.57 0.64 0.72 0.61 0.35 0.48 1.04 1.04 1.07 0.40 mean 5.62 1.16 0.42 0.92 0.45 0.26 0.08 0.52 0.51 0.89 1.43 0.59 0.70 0.56 0.33 0.47 0.98 0.87 1.02 0.36 SD 0.17 0.17 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.03 Heraeus antennalis sp. nov.

N = 1

6.37 1.46 0.62 0.99 0.53 0.27 0.10 0.55 0.55 0.94 1.47 0.66 0.80 0.62 0.32 0.43 1.23 0.96 1.06 0.32 Heraeus chamamecinus sp. nov.

N = 10

min. 5.89 1.18 0.43 0.91 0.46 0.27 0.06 0.51 0.48 0.93 1.42 0.72 0.82 0.77 0.29 0.43 1.02 0.67 1.01 0 max. 6.84 1.37 0.53 1.07 0.54 0.35 0.08 0.66 0.62 1.17 1.78 0.83 0.96 0.90 0.37 0.50 1.18 1.13 1.15 0 mean 6.18 1.26 0.47 1.01 0.51 0.31 0.08 0.58 0.54 1.03 1.58 0.78 0.87 0.82 0.33 0.48 1.11 0.90 1.07 0

SD 0.27 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.05 0.04 0.07 0.10 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.11 0.06 0 Heraeus illitus

N = 10

min. 5.99 1.25 0.46 0.96 0.48 0.24 0.08 0.53 0.48 0.96 1.42 0.88 1.02 1.07 0.35 0.46 1.12 1.04 1.07 0.35 max. 6.84 1.49 0.55 1.09 0.56 0.32 0.10 0.67 0.59 1.09 1.70 1.04 1.20 1.22 0.43 0.56 1.31 1.20 1.42 0.50 mean 6.55 1.40 0.49 1.00 0.52 0.29 0.90 0.60 0.54 1.02 1.56 0.97 1.11 1.17 0.39 0.51 1.20 1.10 1.21 0.41

SD 0.27 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.09 0.04 0.07 0.06 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.05 Heraeus inca sp. nov.

N = 8

min. 5.51 0.94 0.53 0.85 0.46 0.26 0.08 0.51 0.51 0.85 1.28 0.70 0.77 0.64 0.29 0.46 1.25 1.04 1.20 0.24 max. 6.56 1.08 0.61 1.01 0.54 0.32 0.10 0.62 0.59 1.04 1.63 0.80 0.86 0.72 0.37 0.53 1.38 1.14 1.28 0.40 mean 6.23 1.02 0.57 0.94 0.50 0.27 0.08 0.59 0.55 0.97 1.50 0.78 0.83 0.67 0.35 0.50 1.30 1.08 1.23 0.34 SD 0.34 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.11 0.03 0.04 0.30 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.07 Heraeus panamaensis sp. nov.

N = 1

5.61 1.10 0.43 0.90 0.46 0.27 0.06 0.53 0.51 0.85 1.34 0.64 0.72 0.54 0.38 0.34 1.10 0.96 1.09 0.32 Heraeus similis sp. nov.

N = 10

min. 6.46 1.34 0.53 0.96 0.46 0.27 0.06 0.61 0.51 0.98 1.50 0.86 0.99 1.04 0.32 0.42 1.28 1.14 1.12 0.29 max. 7.32 1.57 0.58 1.09 0.54 0.32 0.13 0.69 0.64 1.15 1.73 1.10 1.22 1.20 0.42 0.59 1.44 1.28 1.34 0.40 mean 6.77 1.45 0.56 1.00 0.50 0.30 0.09 0.65 0.56 1.04 1.58 1.00 1.11 1.11 0.39 0.53 1.35 1.21 1.25 0.34 SD 0.31 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.04 Heraeus spinosus sp. nov.

N = 3

min. 5.80 1.27 0.43 0.91 0.48 0.22 0.08 0.48 0.51 0.85 1.31 0.64 0.75 0.58 0.35 0.48 1.07 0.98 1.09 0.48 max. 6.27 1.39 0.48 1.01 0.50 0.30 0.10 0.60 0.56 1.01 1.54 0.67 0.83 0.62 0.40 0.55 1.18 1.04 1.13 0.54 mean 6.11 1.34 0.46 0.96 0.49 0.26 0.09 0.53 0.54 0.93 1.45 0.66 0.78 0.60 0.38 0.52 1.14 1.01 1.11 0.51 SD 0.27 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.07 0.03 0.08 0.12 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.03 Heraeus splendens sp. nov.

N = 3

min. 6.65 1.42 0.65 1.01 0.50 0.22 0.10 0.64 0.64 1.01 1.60 0.80 0.94 0.69 0.35 0.51 1.17 1.09 1.23 0.32 max. 7.22 1.66 0.67 1.10 0.53 0.24 0.11 0.69 0.69 1.04 1.66 0.88 0.99 0.70 0.40 0.53 1.39 1.23 1.28 0.38 mean 7.03 1.55 0.66 1.04 0.51 0.23 0.11 0.66 0.66 1.02 1.62 0.83 0.97 0.70 0.37 0.52 1.28 1.16 1.26 0.35 SD 0.33 0.12 0.01 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.16 0.10 0.03 0.05 Heraeus tiputini sp. nov.

N = 10

min. 5.51 1.39 0.53 0.85 0.45 0.26 0.06 0.53 0.50 0.85 1.28 0.67 0.72 0.67 0.32 0.43 1.06 0.96 1.06 0.40 max. 6.84 1.70 0.62 1.04 0.53 0.30 0.10 0.61 0.64 1.06 1.62 0.82 0.90 0.88 0.37 0.50 1.22 1.14 1.17 0.51 mean 6.32 1.48 0.58 0.95 0.48 0.28 0.08 0.60 0.56 0.95 1.47 0.76 0.84 0.74 0.34 0.47 1.19 1.06 1.12 0.46 SD 0.39 0.11 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.03 Heraeus alvarengai sp. nov.

N = 1

4.75 1.06 0.37 0.82 0.26 0.08 0.61 0.37 0.80 1.14 0.72 0.83 0.72 0.42 0.93 0.78 0 0 0 0 Heraeus apicalis sp. nov.

N = 2

min. 5.51 1.22 0.46 0.82 0.38 0.17 0.08 0.51 0.48 0.83 1.30 0.72 0.84 0.72 0.24 0.43 1.03 0.96 1.10 0.34 max. 5.99 1.30 0.48 0.86 0.43 0.19 0.10 0.56 0.58 0.89 1.42 0.79 0.91 0.72 0.29 0.43 1.13 1.01 1.15 0.34 mean 5.75 1.26 0.47 0.84 0.41 0.18 0.09 0.54 0.53 0.86 1.36 0.76 0.88 0.72 0.26 0.43 1.08 0.98 1.13 0.34 SD 0.34 0.06 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.04 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.07 0.03 0.03 0.0 Heraeus bahiensis sp. nov.

N = 6

min. 5.61 1.12 0.37 0.88 0.38 0.22 0.06 0.48 0.45 0.90 1.44 0.78 0.85 0.64 0.32 0.40 0.96 0.88 0.96 0.24 max. 5.99 1.23 0.43 0.93 0.43 0.27 0.08 0.58 0.51 0.98 1.54 0.82 0.91 0.72 0.37 0.51 1.09 0.99 1.09 0.37 mean 5.78 1.19 0.41 0.89 0.42 0.25 0.08 0.52 0.49 0.94 1.46 0.80 0.87 0.69 0.35 0.45 1.03 0.93 1.02 0.30 SD 0.14 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.05 Heraeus baranowskii sp. nov.

N = 10

min. 4.37 0.94 0.30 0.70 0.35 0.18 0.05 0.42 0.40 0.78 1.20 0.59 0.71 0.64 0.23 0.34 0.77 0.69 0.83 0.23 max. 5.23 1.10 0.40 0.85 0.40 0.26 0.08 0.66 0.58 0.86 1.54 0.78 0.89 0.72 0.35 0.43 0.90 0.91 0.94 0.34 mean 4.92 1.04 0.35 0.79 0.37 0.23 0.06 0.53 0.48 0.80 1.32 0.70 0.80 0.68 0.31 0.39 0.83 0.76 0.89 0.29 SD 0.26 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.12 0.07 0.07 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.04 0.03 Heraeus bolivianus sp. nov.

N = 1

5.23 1.08 0.43 0.85 0.4 0.26 0.08 0.51 0.48 0.86 1.34 0.77 0.77 0.62 0.29 0.48 1.01 0.84 1.03 0.22 Heraeus brevirostris sp. nov.

N = 6

min. 5.32 1.15 0.42 0.82 0.43 0.26 0.06 0.51 0.45 0.91 1.39 0.75 0.88 0.70 0.34 0.45 0.98 0.85 0.96 0.19 max. 5.89 1.34 0.50 0.91 0.51 0.32 0.08 0.64 0.64 1.04 1.52 0.86 0.94 0.80 0.38 0.51 1.12 0.94 1.04 0.24 mean 5.70 1.25 0.44 0.88 0.45 0.28 0.08 0.56 0.51 0.96 1.46 0.81 0.91 0.75 0.36 0.47 1.06 0.92 1.01 0.21 SD 0.21 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 Heraeus concolor

N = 6

min. 4.37 0.94 0.29 0.72 0.35 0.19 0.06 0.40 0.37 0.75 1.10 0.56 0.64 0.64 0.24 0.38 0.78 0.62 0.78 0.13 max. 4.94 1.08 0.34 0.82 0.40 0.24 0.08 0.51 0.45 0.88 1.33 0.70 0.78 0.67 0.27 0.40 0.88 0.70 0.86 0.36 mean 4.72 1.00 0.30 0.77 0.38 0.23 0.07 0.46 0.42 0.84 1.26 0.65 0.72 0.65 0.25 0.39 0.83 0.66 0.82 0.22 SD 0.21 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.05 0.06 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.05 Heraeus ecuatorianus sp. nov.

N = 9

min. 5.32 0.94 0.4 0.82 0.38 0.22 0.08 0.54 0.42 0.82 1.27 0.74 0.86 0.72 0.26 0.46 1.03 0.96 1.03 0.29 max. 6.46 1.37 0.48 0.93 0.48 0.29 0.10 0.64 0.53 1.03 1.56 0.86 0.96 0.82 0.34 0.55 1.32 1.20 1.20 0.48 mean 5.35 1.21 0.44 0.86 0.42 0.25 0.08 0.57 0.50 0.93 1.43 0.82 0.90 0.78 0.30 0.49 1.11 1.03 1.08 0.39 SD 0.39 0.12 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.06 Heraeus loja sp. nov.

N = 1

5.89 1.20 0.40 0.93 0.48 0.29 0.08 0.56 0.45 1.02 1.52 0.85 0.96 0.83 0.35 0.46 1.09 0.90 0.96 0.13 Heraeus mesoamericanus sp. nov.

N = 11

min. 5.51 1.15 0.42 0.82 0.32 0.22 0.08 0.48 0.46 0.84 1.34 0.72 0.77 0.60 0.24 0.46 0.98 0.84 0.98 0.24 max. 6.08 1.25 0.46 0.88 0.46 0.27 0.10 0.53 0.61 0.98 1.58 0.82 0.89 0.67 0.34 0.50 1.08 0.98 1.08 0.43 mean 5.78 1.20 0.44 0.85 0.41 0.25 0.08 0.50 0.53 0.91 1.46 0.75 0.84 0.63 0.29 0.47 1.04 0.91 1.04 0.31 SD 0.18 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.07 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.06 Abbreviations: APLL, anterior pronotal lobe length; APLW, anterior pronotal lobe width; BFL, basiflagellomere length; CL, collar length; DFL, distiflagellomere length; DFBL, distiflagellomere band length; HL, head length; HW, head width; IOcW, interocular width; IOclW, interocellar width; PL, pedicellus length; POcL, postocular length; PPLL, posterior pronotal lobe length; PPLW, posterior pronotal lobe width; R1, rostral segment-I length; R2, rostral segment-II length; R3, rostral segment-III length; R4, rostral segment-IV length; SCL, scapus length; TL, total length.

Lethierry & Severin, 1894: 191; Van Duzee, 1917: 178–179; Barber, 1918: 75; Blatchley, 1926: 389; Barber, 1928: 175; Barber, 1939: 349, 354; Froeschner, 1944: 640; Torre Bueno, 1946: 64, 69–70; Slater & Hurlbutt, 1957: 73; Scudder, 1957: 155; Sweet & Slater, 1961: 339; Slater, 1964: 1081–1082; Slater, 1972: 149; Slater, 1974: 167, 170; Sweet, 1967: 225; Brailovsky, 1979: 549; Harrington, 1980: 108; Brailovsky, 1981: 219; Froeschner, 1981: 43; Froeschner, 1985: 22; Harrington, 1987: 81; Ashlock & Slater, 1988: 227; Slater & Baranowski, 1990: 130; Baranowski & Slater, 1998: 79; Froeschner, 1999: 244; Baranowski & Slater, 2005: 136; Dellapé 2014: 428, 431; Henry et al. 2015: 488, 499.

Diagnosis

The species included in Heraeus are recognized by the anteriorly extended collar on the ventral region ( Fig. 4A ), which is a synapomorphy for the genus. All species have: an elongate head with a postocular region longer than the interocular space; the dorsally narrowed and ventrally broadened collar, extending forwards beneath the head ( Figs 1 , 4A ); and the aedeagus with a bilobed vesica and a simple conjunctiva, showing relatively small spines in most of the species.

Redescription

Head elongate, postocular distance longer than interocular distance. Buccular juncture V-shaped. Juga rounded. Collar narrow dorsally and broadening ventrally, extending forwards beneath the head. Procoxa with a spine. Profemur with two rows of spines ventrally. Mesofemur with or without spines. Protibia without spines or with small denticles or spines. Tibiae with spiniform setae. Corial margin smooth. Clavus with more than three rows of punctures. Mesepimeron emergent. Evaporative area extensive, not restricted to a small portion of metapleuron surrounding the auricle. Male genitalia: aedeagus without spines or with relatively small spines, with two lobes on vesica lateral to the ejaculatory reservoir.

Distribution

The genus is widely distributed from Canada to Argentina, including the West Indies and the Galapagos Islands. Most of its 39 species are distributed on continental areas. Heraeus plebejus , H. guttatus , and H. triguttatus are also found on at least one island of the West Indies, and some species are known only from the West Indies. Heraeus dominicanus sp. nov. is only known from the Dominican Republic, Heraeus steineri sp. nov. is known from Turks and Caicos Islands, and the islands of the Bahamas, H. caliginosus is known from the Dominican Republic and Haiti, H. hollyae is known from the Dominican Republic, Haiti, and Antigua Island; H. pulchellus is recorded from the Bahamas, Cuba, and the Cayman Islands, and H. concolor is recorded from the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Antigua, Saba, and the Nevis islands. Heraeus pacificus is known only from the Galápagos islands.

Figures

Figure 1. Schematic dorsal and lateral views. Abbreviations: ab, abdomen; apl, anterior pronotal lobe; at, antenniferous tubercle; au, auricle; bf, basiflagellomere; cl, clavus; cly, clypeous; co, collar; cor, corium; cx, coxa; df, distiflagellomere; ev, evaporative area; eye, eye; fe, femur; gu, gula; hm, hemelytra; ju, jugum; lb, labium; me, membrane; mes, mesepimeron; ne, neck; oc, ocellus; pe, pedicellum; ppl, posterior pronotal lobe; py, pygophore; sc, scapus; scu, scutellum; sp, spiracle; ta, tarsus; ti, tibia; tr, trichobothrium; ve, vein.

Figure 4. Heraeus cinnamomeus Barber, 1948: A, head and pronotal collar, lateral view; B, detail of pruinosity on anterior pronotal lobe; C, detail of pruinosity of part of scutellum and clavus. Heraeus coquilletti Barber, 1914: D, detail of texture of anterior pronotal; E, detail of texture of part of scutellum and clavus. Abbreviations: cl, clavus, co, corium; sc, scutellum.