Lamprocystis (Lamprocystis) guttula ( Pfeiffer, 1853 )

Hyman, Isabel T. & Ponder, Winston F., 2010, A morphological phylogenetic analysis and generic revision of Australian Helicarionidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora), and an assessment of the relationships of the family 2462, Zootaxa 2462 (1), pp. 1-148 : 114-116

Lamprocystis (Lamprocystis) guttula ( Pfeiffer, 1853)

Figures 11L , 40J–L , 41A

Material examined. Vanuatu: FMNH 174940 (two specimens dissected, one radula examined), behind Ranmawat, SW Pentecost, dense forest, alt. 120 m, 10 Nov. 1972, L. Price .

Description. External morphology: Shell 4.5 whorls, light golden brown, glossy, spire and apex slightly raised. Protoconch smooth; teleoconch sculptured with faint microscopic spiral grooves. Whorl profile rounded above and below evenly convex periphery. Internal walls of early whorls complete; umbilicus closed. Animal primarily pale grey with white sole and darker grey on top of head. Right mantle lap moderately long, left mantle lap moderately short, both mantle laps narrow, tapering to a point, not fused, uniform in colour. Mantle lobes very small. Sole of foot and caudal apparatus as for family; caudal horn large; caudal foss horizontal slit in tail.

Mantle cavity: As for family. Pigmentation absent, mantle gland absent.

Digestive system: Oesophageal crop absent.

Genital system ( Figure 41A ): As for family. Carrefour and talon both not embedded in albumen gland. Oviduct non-glandular, containing three embryos. Post-uterine oviduct very long, internal longitudinal pilasters absent. Bursa copulatrix inserted on penis, very short, shorter than the free oviduct; duct of bursa copulatrix wide, not distinguishable from bursa copulatrix, internally smooth. Penis short; epiphallus enters penis through two fleshy lips; penis internally smooth, at least two longitudinal penis pilasters present, penial diverticulum absent. Penial sheath present; penis retractor muscle attached to epiphallus near penis junction. Epiphallus longer than penis, simple internally. Epiphallic retractor caecum absent; Flagellum and lime-sac absent. Spermatophore not present in dissected specimens.

Radula ( Figure 40J–L ): Relatively long and narrow. Central tooth with moderately small ectocones; mesocone lanceolate, longer than tooth base. Lateral and marginal tooth fields distinguishable. Lateral teeth with endocone smaller than central tooth ectocones; ectocone equal in size to those on central tooth; mesocone longer than tooth base. Marginal teeth with endocones absent; ectocones approximately same length and breadth as mesocone, subdivided into three to four extra teeth. Radular formula (26.7.1.7.26) × 92 rows.

Remarks. The type species of Lamprocystis sensu stricto was dissected by Baker (1940) but was not figured due to its poor preservation condition. However, Baker (1940) stated that it was very similar to L. ensifera (Mousson, 1869) , which was figured. The species examined here shows anatomical similarities to L. ensifera and can be assigned with confidence to this subgenus.

Lamprocystis is divided by Schileyko (2002a) into nine subgenera. Lamprocystis sensu stricto contains around 40 species and is distributed in the Philippines and many islands of the Pacific.

In the phylogenetic analysis in the current study ( Figures 1–3 ) and in the molecular phylogenetic analysis of Hyman et al. (2007) ( Figure 44A ), Lamprocystis guttula always grouped with the other members of Microcystinae .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Majority-rule consensus tree (1,743 trees, length 117 steps) from the morphological analysis containing representatives of all groups. Families and subfamilies are shaded and are labelled in bold if the group is not monophyletic.

FIGURE 2. Majority-rule consensus tree (646 trees, length 106 steps) from the morphological analysis with Dyakiidae and Urocyclidae excluded. Families and subfamilies are shaded and are labelled in bold if the group is not monophyletic.

FIGURE 3. Majority-rule consensus tree (770 trees, length 117 steps) resulting from the morphological analysis with two additional mantle lobe characters. Families and subfamilies are shaded and are labelled in bold if the group is not monophyletic.

FIGURE 11. Nervous systems. Cerebral commissure cut (cut regions shaded with diagonal lines). A. Helicarion cuvieri, AM C424333. B. Brevisentis atratus, AM C205294. C. Stanisicarion freycineti, AM C391188. D. Nitor circumcincta, AM C365822. E. Tarocystis responsivus, AM C425327. F. New Caledonian species NC3, MNHN no registration number. G. Ctenophila caldwelli, AM C205301. H. Madagascan species MA1, AM C205304. I. Macrochlamys petrosa, AM C205305. J. Everettia sp., BMNH 20020188. K. Coneuplecta pampini, AM C438751. L. Lamprocystis guttula, FMNH 174940. M. Trochomorpha rubens, FMNH 175247. Scale bars 1 mm except for J (scale bar 2 mm). Abbreviations: ce, cerebral ganglion; pa, parietal ganglion; pe, pedal ganglion; pl, pleural ganglion; vg, visceral ganglion.

FIGURE 40. Radulae. SEM. A–C. Coneuplecta pampini, AM C438751. D–F. Coneuplecta calculosa, AM C377891. G–I. Liardetia doliolum, BPBM 253684. J–L. Lamprocystis guttula, FMNH 174940. Scale bars 10 mm (A–I), 20 mm (J–L).

FIGURE 41. Reproductive systems. A. Lamprocystis guttula, FMNH 174940. B. Trochomorpha rubens, FMNH 175247. C. Videna planorbis, FMNH 160957. D. Orpiella concavum, BMNH no registration number. E. Dendrotrochus eva eva, FMNH 175196. Scale bars 1 mm (A), 2 mm (B–D, F), 5 mm (E). Abbreviations: alb, albumen gland; bc, bursa copulatrix; ca, carrefour; e, eggs / embryos; ep, epiphallus; fov, free oviduct; her, hermaphrodite duct; ov, ovotestis; p, penis; pr, prostate; prm, penis retractor muscle; puo, post-uterine oviduct; t, talon; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens.

FIGURE 44. Trees resulting from the phylogenetic analysis of two molecular datasets. Families and subfamilies are shaded. A. Mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [after Hyman et al. (2007)]. B. Nuclear gene 28S rRNA [after Wade et al. (2006)].