Videna planorbis (Lesson, 1831)

Hyman, Isabel T. & Ponder, Winston F., 2010, A morphological phylogenetic analysis and generic revision of Australian Helicarionidae (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora), and an assessment of the relationships of the family 2462, Zootaxa 2462 (1), pp. 1-148 : 118-119

Videna planorbis (Lesson, 1831)

Figures 33J , 35E , 41C , 42D–F

Material examined. Indonesia: FMNH 160957 (two specimens dissected, one radula examined), Wasi, Ambon, A.M. Wegner .

Description. External morphology: Shell 5.5 whorls, light golden brown, glossy, spire and apex slightly raised. Protoconch and teleoconch smooth. Whorl profile rounded above and below keeled periphery. Internal walls of early whorls complete; umbilicus open, moderately wide. Animal ( Figure 35E ) grey with white sole. Mantle laps and lobes absent. Sole of foot undivided; caudal apparatus with sole longer than foot ( Muratov’s 1999 zonitid type).

Mantle cavity: As for family. Pigmentation of black and white spots, mantle gland absent.

Digestive system: Oesophageal crop absent.

Genital system ( Figures 33J , 41C ): As for family. Carrefour and talon both not embedded in albumen gland. Free oviduct long; capsular gland present; internal longitudinal pilasters absent. Bursa copulatrix inserted at junction of penis and free oviduct, very short, shorter than the free oviduct; duct of bursa copulatrix moderately wide, distinguishable from bursa copulatrix, internally with longitudinal pilasters. Vagina absent. Penis short; epiphallus enters penis through simple pore; penis internally smooth, at least ten longitudinal penis pilasters present, penial diverticulum absent. Penial sheath present, enclosing only penis; penis retractor muscle attached to junction of penis and epiphallus. Epiphallus shorter than penis, simple internally. Epiphallic retractor caecum absent, Flagellum and lime-sac absent. Spermatophore not present in dissected specimens.

Radula ( Figure 42D–F ): Relatively long and narrow. Central tooth with no ectocones; mesocone triangular, much longer than tooth base. Lateral and marginal tooth fields distinguishable. Lateral teeth with endocone absent; ectocone much smaller than those on central tooth; mesocone much longer than tooth base. Marginal teeth with endocones absent; ectocones slightly shorter and narrower than the mesocone, not subdivided into extra teeth. Radular formula (24.10.1.10.24) × 95 rows.

Remarks. The assignment of this species to Videna should be regarded as tentative. The anatomy of V. planorbis does not closely match that of the type species, V.metcalfei (Pfeiffer, 1845) , as described by Semper (1870) and Schileyko (2002a). Given the strong similarities between V. planorbis and T. rubens it is possible that this species belongs in Trochomorpha ; however, further examination of more members of Trochomorphidae is required to ascertain the relationships of V. planorbis .

There are at least ten species ( Schileyko 2002a) of Videna distributed throughout Japan, the Philippines, the Malay Peninsula and parts of Indonesia.

Videna planorbis consistently grouped with Trochomorpha rubens (Trochomorphidae) in the phylogenetic analysis ( Figures 1–3 ). In the molecular phylogenetic analysis of Wade et al. (2006), the genera Trochomorpha and Videna grouped together as well ( Figure 44B ). The molecular analysis of Hyman et al. (2007) showed Videna planorbis grouping with Orpiella concavum ( Figure 44A ). Trochomorpha was not included in the latter analysis.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Majority-rule consensus tree (1,743 trees, length 117 steps) from the morphological analysis containing representatives of all groups. Families and subfamilies are shaded and are labelled in bold if the group is not monophyletic.

FIGURE 2. Majority-rule consensus tree (646 trees, length 106 steps) from the morphological analysis with Dyakiidae and Urocyclidae excluded. Families and subfamilies are shaded and are labelled in bold if the group is not monophyletic.

FIGURE 3. Majority-rule consensus tree (770 trees, length 117 steps) resulting from the morphological analysis with two additional mantle lobe characters. Families and subfamilies are shaded and are labelled in bold if the group is not monophyletic.

FIGURE 33. Penis interiors. A. Erepta odontina, AM C205302. B. Kalidos balstoni, AM C205303. C. Madagascan species MA1, AM C205304. D. Sheldonia poeppigii, NMSA L5563. E. Elisolimax flavescens, NMSA V9710. F. Parmarion martensi, BPBM 252738. G. Coneuplecta pampini, AM C438751. H. Hiona pilsbryi, BPBM 206801 & 20701. I. Trochomorpha rubens, FMNH 175247. J. Videna planorbis, FMNH 160957. K. Dendrotrochus eva eva, FMNH 175196. L. Orpiella concavum, BMNH no registration number. Scale bars 1 mm (A, C–D, F–H, J, M), 2 mm (B, E, I, K). Abbreviations: bc, bursa copulatrix; c, caecum; ep, epiphallus; fov, free oviduct; ovi, ovipositer; p, penis; pp, penial pilaster; prm, penis retractor muscle; ppu, penial pustules; pv, penial verge.

FIGURE 35. External morphology of caudal regions. A. Kalidos balstoni, AM C205303. B. Macrochlamys petrosa, AM C205303. C. Everettia sp., BMNH 20020188. D. Greenwoodoconcha nux, AM C433375. E. Videna planorbis, FMNH 160957. F. Dendrotrochus eva eva, FMNH 160957. Scale bars 1 mm (D), 2 mm (E–F), 5 mm (A–C).

FIGURE 41. Reproductive systems. A. Lamprocystis guttula, FMNH 174940. B. Trochomorpha rubens, FMNH 175247. C. Videna planorbis, FMNH 160957. D. Orpiella concavum, BMNH no registration number. E. Dendrotrochus eva eva, FMNH 175196. Scale bars 1 mm (A), 2 mm (B–D, F), 5 mm (E). Abbreviations: alb, albumen gland; bc, bursa copulatrix; ca, carrefour; e, eggs / embryos; ep, epiphallus; fov, free oviduct; her, hermaphrodite duct; ov, ovotestis; p, penis; pr, prostate; prm, penis retractor muscle; puo, post-uterine oviduct; t, talon; ut, uterus; vd, vas deferens.

FIGURE 42. Radulae. A–C. Trochomorpha rubens, FMNH 175247. D–F. Videna planorbis, FMNH 160957. G–I. Dendrotrochus eva eva, FMNH 15719. J–L. Orpiella concavum, BMNH no registration number. Scale bars 20 mm (A–L).

FIGURE 44. Trees resulting from the phylogenetic analysis of two molecular datasets. Families and subfamilies are shaded. A. Mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [after Hyman et al. (2007)]. B. Nuclear gene 28S rRNA [after Wade et al. (2006)].