Racelda ottoi Oliveira & Gil-Santana, 2022

Gil-Santana, Helcio R. & Oliveira, Jader, 2022, A new species of Racelda Signoret, with taxonomical notes and a key to the males of the genus (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Ectrichodiinae, Ectrichodiini), ZooKeys 1122, pp. 53-79 : 53

Racelda ottoi Oliveira & Gil-Santana sp. nov.

Figs 11-17 , 18-25 , 26-36 , 37-41 , 42-47 , 48-51 , 52-55

Type material.

Brazil, Pernambuco State, Catimbau National Park: Tupanatinga, Estrada do Gado [Cattle Road], 08°29'11.8"S, 37°20'25.5"W, 663 m alt., 19.iii.19, light trap, R. Carrenho leg., holotype, male, 1 male paratype; light trap with white cloth, J.M.S. Rodrigues leg., 1 male paratype (CZMA); Buíque, ICMBio grounds, 08°33'54.9"S, 37°14'20.2"W, 730 m alt., 17.iii.19, light trap with white cloth, J.M.S. Rodrigues leg., 2 male paratypes (CTJMSB), 1 male paratype (CEIOC).

Diagnosis.

Racelda ottoi sp. nov. can be separated from other species of the genus by the combination of characters presented in the key below. Racelda ottoi sp. nov. shares similarities in coloration with R. robusta and R. aberlenci such as possessing both the fore lobe of pronotum and the abdomen, including the connexivum, mostly pale, while in the other species of the genus, these parts are mostly dark or at least, in case of the connexivum, it has well-defined dark markings on most segments. However, R. ottoi sp. nov. can be separated from R. robusta and R. aberlenci based on the coloration of the head and the legs, which are mostly blackish and with larger dark markings on femora and tibiae, respectively, in the former species, while in the latter two species, the head is completely pale, and the femora and tibiae are almost completely pale with the apices of femora and extremities of tibiae variably faintly dark marked or not marked. Additionally, while the longitudinal sulcus of pronotum is continuous on the two lobes in R. robusta and R. aberlenci , it is interrupted at the level of transverse sulcus in R. ottoi sp. nov.

Description.

Male. Figs 11 - 55 . Measurements are given in Table 1 .

Coloration: general coloration pale to pale yellowish to orange with darkened to brownish or blackish portions or markings (Figs 11 , 12 , 25 , 39 ). Head, including neck, mostly blackish (Figs 11 , 12 ); pale whitish to pale yellowish ventrally between the level of inner margin of eyes; a thin reddish line around ocelli, sometimes partially interrupted as in the holotype; a somewhat paler medial marking behind ocellar tubercle and on neck, variable in size, both present in the holotype and alternatively absent in some of the paratypes; base of neck paler in variable extension or completely dark as in the holotype; close to base of labium, on pale whitish ventral area, a small blackish marking as a thin transverse line or as a pair of separate markings; antennal segments (Figs 16 - 21 ) mostly dark with basal portion of scape and intersegmental joints pale; scape, pedicel and basiflagellomeres blackish to brownish black; distiflagellomeres somewhat paler, brownish; labrum paler on its distal half; labium pale to pale yellowish with apex of first visible segment darkened and faintly, irregularly marked with variably darkened portions such as a basoventral marking on segment II (first visible) and lateral and dorsal portions of segments III-IV; the latter entirely faintly darkened in one paratype. Thorax (Figs 11 , 25 ): pronotum mostly pale orange, faintly darkened at collar, inferior portion of anterolateral angles, median portion of basal half of hind lobe and, in one paratype, medially to distal portion of humeral angles; scutellum blackish; propleura orange with a dark irregular marking extending above and/or anteriorly to fore supracoxal lobe, reaching prosternum at anterior portion, including their rounded processes; margins of prosternal process and its apex dark; meso- and metapleura and sterna mostly blackish; a small pale orange marking on median and distal portion of middle and hind supracoxal lobes, respectively. Legs: fore coxa whitish, pale with anterior surface variably darkened; middle and hind coxae from mostly pale to mostly darkened and paler only at distal margin; trochanters pale to pale yellowish; femora pale whitish, blackish on dorsal surface of fore (except at its base) and approximately distal third to distal fourth of middle and hind femora, respectively; fore femora also variably darkened at apex on lateral surfaces or even around segment; distal markings on middle and hind femora variably somewhat shorter on ventral surface; in one paratype blackish markings on middle and hind femora smaller, occupying only approximately distal fifth of segment; tibiae dark, brownish to blackish, with approximately their median portion variably paler, pale coloration occupying approximately median third on fore and middle tibiae and one-half on hind tibiae; pale coloration varying from almost as dark as dark extremities of segment, pale brownish to pale whitish; tarsi pale brownish. Hemelytra blackish; pale on base of dorsal surface, laterally, and on basal lateral portion; also slightly paler on apex of corium. Abdomen (Figs 11 , 39 ): mostly pale whitish to pale yellowish; apex of connexival posterolateral angle of segment II somewhat darkened; in one paratype, connexival segment II completely darkened; sternite II mostly dark to blackish, except at posterolateral portion where it is pale in variable extension; intersternite furrow between between segments II-III and adjacent anterior portion of latter segment darker in one paratype (Fig. 39 ); midlateral subrounded shallow depressed areas on sternites III-VII faintly darkened; area posterior to genital capsule, on last sternite, darkened in most specimens, dark coloration varying in extension laterally; exposed portions of genital capsule and parameres dark to blackish. Structure: Body integument mostly shiny. Head (Figs 11 - 21 ): shorter than pronotum (including neck); subtriangular in dorsal and lateral views. Vertex not elevated; minimum distance between eyes in dorsal view (synthlipsis) approximately 1.5-1.6 times longer than width of each eye. Antenna inserted proximal to midpoint between anterior margin of eyes and apex of head. Anteocular portion approximately twice as long as postocular portion (excluding neck); total length (excluding neck) of head longer than its maximum width across eyes; integument generally with coarsely transverse subparallel sulci or wrinkled; smooth on ocellar tubercle and neck. Clypeus moderately elongated, not elevated, rounded in lateral view, slightly wider at basal portion, its integument with transverse subparallel sulci. Antenna (Figs 16 - 21 ): scape somewhat curved and enlarged towards apex, slightly shorter than pedicel; the latter somewhat curved at midportion; flagellum slender, divided in pseudosegments, two basiflagellomeres and four distiflagellomeres; basiflagellomeres thinner than pedicel, first basiflagellomere longer than second; distiflagellomeres somewhat thinner than basiflagellomeres, first three subequal in length, last a little longer. Labium (Figs 14 , 15 ) moderately thick, segment II (first visible) straight, somewhat thicker towards apex, approximately 1.5 times longer than the segment III, its apex approximately at level of anterior half of eyes in lateral view; segment III somewhat thicker; segment IV, shorter, tapering, reaching stridulatory sulcus approximately at its anterior third. Gula with lateral shallow longitudinal ridges, between which is a furrow narrower than labium, almost imperceptible in some individuals. Constriction between postocular portion and neck distinct (Fig. 13 ). Eyes large, prominent, subhemisphaerical in dorsal view, reniform in lateral view; transverse sulcus curved, reaching inner posterior angle of the eye (Figs 12 , 13 ). Ocellar tubercle prominent, large, undivided, ocelli rounded, the distance between them somewhat closer than the diameter of each ocellus (Figs 12 , 13 ). Thorax (Figs 11 , 22 - 35 ): integument shiny; collar very thin; anterolateral angles pointed and small; fore lobe rounded on anterior and lateral margins, shorter and narrower than hind lobe; mid-longitudinal sulcus on fore lobe thin and narrow, ending somewhat above a median slightly elevated portion at median portion of transverse sulcus, with the remaining posterior part of the mid-longitudinal sulcus represented by few punctations, about half a dozen, two or three more anterior ones somewhat deeper and larger, followed by progressively smaller and shallower punctations towards posterior margin, shortly or not exceeding the distal half of hind lobe (Figs 22 , 23 ), sometimes posterior to punctations, a very thin median longitudinal line ending short of posterior margin (Fig. 23 ); transverse furrow distinct, interrupted at median portion by the median elevated portion, sinuous, curved forward at lateral portion (Figs 22 , 23 ), continuing laterally, on propleura, forming a somewhat curved lateral furrow, with short shallow ridges on anterior portion of its inferior margin, ending at posterior margin of propleura; posterolateral furrows of pronotum distinct; humeral angles rounded (Figs 11 , 22 , 23 ). Scutellum with a shallow median depression; scutellar prongs moderately short and curved, narrowly separated at base and convergent towards their apices (Fig. 24 ). Integument of pro- and mesopleura mostly smooth; faintly wrinkled by a few linear subparallel thin shallow linear impressions on supracoxal lobes; integument of metapleura with several linear subparallel irregular ridges, its superior margin thickened and curved. Supracoxal lobes of propleura somewhat prominent, those of meso- and metapleura not. Propleura with posteroventral elongate processes, apices acute, directed posteromedially, just posterior to laterodistal third of fore coxa, above lateral portion of anterior margins of mesosternum (Fig. 26 ). Anterior margin of mesopleura with a median small process, projecting anteriorly, rounded at apex which meets posterior margin of propleura. Prosternum wider on approximately anterior half, moderately large, prolonged between fore coxae, apex rounded, reaching mesosternum, with its median portion occupied by stridulitrum (Fig. 26 ). Mesosternum anteriorly to middle coxa mostly flattened and with smooth integument; on its median portion, just posterior to apex of process of prosternum, a small oval depression on midline, with elevated borders, below and laterally to which, a pair of subrounded small depressions; middle coxae bordered by slightly elevated margins anteriorly and medially. Between middle and hind coxae, a moderately elevated area with integument marked by few shallow transverse sulci and a pair of submedian shallow longitudinal ridges somewhat more elevated at distal half (Fig. 25 ). Fore coxae close, separated by a shorter distance than approximately half the width of each of them; middle and hind coxae distant from each other by a distance approximately equivalent to somewhat more than twice and approximately 1.7 times the width of each of them, respectively (Fig. 25 ). Fore and middle femora and tibiae subequally long; fore femora somewhat thickened, except at basal and distal portions (Fig. 27 ); middle femora thickened subapically (Fig. 30 ); hind femora and tibiae longer, slender, femora somewhat thickened subapically (Fig. 33 ). Tibiae straight, slightly longer than the correspondent femora; fore tibiae thicker at apex, in which the anterior margin is prominent and with a mesal comb (Fig. 28 ); middle and hind tibiae slightly thicker subapically and at apex, respectively (Figs 31 , 34 ); spongy fossae on apices of fore and middle tibiae very small. All tarsi slender, three-segmented (Figs 29 , 35 ). Hemelytra generally dull; moderately shiny on base of dorsal surface, laterally, and on lateral portion, basally (the same portions in which the coloration is pale) (Fig. 11 ). Abdomen (Figs 11 , 36 - 41 , 43 ): Tergite I narrow, carinulate on median portion of posterior margin (Fig. 36 ); other tergites shortly carinulate on posterior margin, except lateral portion, the ridges shorter on tergite IV, very faint on tergite VII (Figs 36 , 37 ). Tergite II with its anteromedian portion bordered by a pair of longer curved longitudinal ridges (Fig. 36 ). Shallow and small punctations irregularly distributed on tergites III-VII; inner portion of respective connexival dorsal segment with few punctations (Figs 36 , 37 ). Scars of dorsal abdominal glands openings (dag) on median anterior margins of tergites V and VI, that on the latter larger than that on tergite V; these tergites are carinulate only between the scars and lateral portion (Figs 37 , 38 ). Connexivum with posterolateral angles of segments II-VI prominent, that of segment II somewhat more than the others (Figs 11 , 36 , 39-41 ). Sternites with shiny and generally smooth integument (Fig. 39 ); sternite II narrower than following segments, its median portion elevated (Figs 39 , 40 ); sternites II and III separated by shallow canaliculae, which are absent at lateral portions; other intersternite furrows with small, shallow punctations, absent in midline, sparser or absent towards lateral portions and less numerous on last interstenite furrow; sternites III-VII with smooth integument and midlateral subrounded shallow flat depressions, anterior portion of the latter close and medial to the respective spiracles (Figs 39-41 ). Spiracles round and small. Posterior margin of segment VII slightly curved anteriorly at its midportion (Fig. 39 ). Segment VIII not visible externally, sclerotized on ventral portion, which is translucent; segment becomes wider towards posterior margin; both basal and distal margins of ventral portion curved, the former more than the latter and more sclerotized than remaining part of segment (Fig. 43 ); dorsal portion membranous and narrower; spiracles on dorsal margin of ventral portion. Vestiture: integument generally mostly glabrous. Head: some long moderately curved pale setae scattered on the anterior and lateral portions of base of first visible labial segment; several long, erect, pale setae on apical portion of second visible labial segment and scattered on last labial segment. Antenna (Figs 16 - 21 ): scape with some and pedicel with few short, oblique, thin setae, and both segments covered by long pubescence formed by numerous long, erect, stout, pale setae, approximately twice as long as width of scape and 4-5 times as long as width of pedicel, except at distal portion, where these setae are shorter; flagellomeres covered by very numerous short, oblique, curved, thin pale setae, forming a short dense pubescence, except on approximately basal half of first basiflagellomere, where setae are less numerous; flagellomeres also covered by long stout, erect pale setae; those on first basiflagellomere almost as long and numerous than those of pedicel, becoming progressively shorter and less numerous on following flagellomeres. Thorax: pronotum with a tuft of golden stout setae on inner margin of posterior border of pronotum beside lateral margin of scutellar base. Borders of posterior prolongation of prosternum with thin, longer, dark golden setae; some scattered pale thin setae on postacetabular area of prosternum laterally to the prosternal process. Legs: coxa with some stout, curved, pale or somewhat darkened, thin setae on apical margin; trochanters and ventral surface of femora with several curved, stout and curved pale, thin setae (Figs 30 , 32 ); fore trochanter and fore femur with also at least one thinner, longer subbasal seta; some scattered similar long setae on dorsal, lateral and ventral surfaces of femora, on fore femora some rows of curved, thin, pale, shorter setae on dorsal surface (Fig. 27 ); tibiae glabrous at approximately basal third to two-thirds of dorsal surface, with a mid-ventral fringe of short, straight, somewhat stouter, pale brownish setae; at approximately distal third, all tibiae generally covered by pale brownish to darkened setae, which become somewhat more numerous towards apex, where they are longer on ventral and lateral surfaces (Figs 28 , 31 , 34 ); tarsi covered with numerous yellowish and golden setae, which are longer on ventral surface (Figs 29 , 35 ).

Male genitalia. Pygophore, in ventral and lateral views: exposed portion of pygophore subpentagonal (Figs 39 , 41 , 42 , 44 ) and rounded, respectively, integument smooth and shiny; only pigmented (blackish) in the exposed portion (Figs 39 , 44 ); in dorsal view (Fig. 45 ): between anterior and posterior genital openings, a moderately broad, slightly sclerotized dorsal (transverse) straight bridge (br); membranous areas of posterior genital opening smooth; proctiger (pt) subsquared, posterior margin almost straight, with a subapical single row of few long straight setae (Figs 45 , 46 ). Medial process of pygophore (mp) sclerotized, subrounded, apical margin almost straight (Figs 45 , 46 ). Parameres (pa) mildly exposed when genital capsule is in situ (Fig. 42 ) their apices in contact in resting position (Figs 42 , 44 ); symmetrical, elongated, curved at approximately middle third, where they are somewhat larger; apex truncated, with a rounded subapical tooth in inferior margin; mostly glabrous, with some rows of long setae on inner surface, a few subapical short somewhat stout setae on upper surface and a row of somewhat curved very short setae above the subapical tooth (Figs 46-47 ). Phallus: articulatory apparatus with basal plate extension (bpt) enlarged, longer than basal plate, the latter with moderately short and curved basal plate arms (bpa), connected by a narrow basal plate bridge (bpb) (Figs 48-51 ). Dorsal phallothecal sclerite (ds) symmetrical, enlarged to apex; distal margin thickened and more sclerotized, with several linear grooves interrupted at midportion beside apex of struts and dorsal phallothecal sclerite-endosomal struts fusion (dpes) (Figs 48 , 49 , 52 , 53 ). Endosomal struts (es) formed by a pair of parallel arms, somewhat thinner at basal third, slightly enlarging toward apex, where they converge and become largely united, being continuous with dorsal phallothecal sclerite-endosomal struts fusion (dpes) (Fig. 52 ). Endosoma wall longitudinally striated on basal portion, ventrally (Fig. 51 ), smooth basally, and mostly very densely minutely, spiny towards apical portion (spines minute). Two processes of endosoma: a wide, arcuate, basal process (bpe) formed by diffuse thickening (Figs 51 , 54 ) and a median process (mpe) at apical portion (Figs 48 , 49 ). Median process formed by a pair of elongate, flat, somewhat curved, moderately sclerotized plates (Fig. 55 ).

Distribution.

Brazil, state of Pernambuco.

Etymology.

The new species is named in honor to Otto Pompeu Fusco de Oliveira, the beloved son of the junior author (JO).

Comments.

The inclusion of R. ottoi sp. nov. in Racelda is in accordance with the characteristics assigned to the species of this genus by Dougherty (1995), Carpintero and Maldonado (1996), and Forero (2004). Racelda ottoi sp. nov. differs from the other species of the genus by the combination of characteristics stated in the key for males of Racelda , presented below and from the species to which it seems closest, R. aberlenci and R. robusta , by the set of features commented on in its diagnosis.

The antennae of most of the New World Ectrichodiinae males are pubescent on all segments with short setae but which are more abundant on the distal segments ( Dougherty 1995). Dougherty (1995) also stated that in Racelda the antennae of males have long and short pubescence on all segments. In R. ottoi sp. nov., the setae of the long pubescence are longer and formed with more numerous elements on the scape and pedicel (Figs 16 - 19 ), becoming progressively shorter and less numerous on the following segments (flagellomeres), while the short pubescence is almost absent on the scape and pedicel and become progressively more numerous to very dense on the flagellomeres (Figs 16 , 17 , 20 , 21 ). Yet, the males of the new species present large eyes and well-developed ocelli, and they are macropterous (Figs 11-13 ). Although all these characteristics are similar to those presented by males of Ectrichodiinae and Racelda in contrast with conspecific females, which have very reduced eyes and ocelli and are apterous ( Dougherty 1995; Carpintero and Maldonado 1996), because no females of R. ottoi sp. nov. were found, the extent of sexual dimorphism, including possible differences in coloration, will only be known if more specimens of both sexes become available in the future for examination.

Interestingly, the mid-longitudinal sulcus on hind lobe of pronotum was represented by a few punctations, about half a dozen, and the two or three more anterior ones were somewhat deeper and larger, scarcely or not exceeding the distal half of the hind lobe (Fig. 11 ), while after obtaining SEM images (Figs 22 , 23 ), it was possible to record that sometimes, posterior to the punctations, there is also a very thin median longitudinal line ending short of posterior margin (Fig. 23 ). Therefore, there is an intraspecific variation in the extension and characteristics of the mid-longitudinal sulcus on the hind lobe in R. ottoi sp. nov.

Figures

Figures 11 - 17. Racelda ottoi Oliveira & Gil-Santana, sp. nov. 11 holotype, dorsal view 12 - 15 head 12, 13 dorsal view 14 ventral view 15 ventrolateral view 16, 17 antenna, dorsal view 16 right 17 left. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (11); 0.5 mm (12, 16, 17); 0.2 mm (13 - 15).

Figures 18 - 25. Racelda ottoi Oliveira & Gil-Santana, sp. nov. 18 - 24 dorsal view 18 - 21 antennal segments 18 scape and basal portion of pedicel 19 apical portion of scape and pedicel 20 basiflagellomeres 21 distiflagellomeres 22, 23 pronotum, different paratypes 24 scutellum 25 thorax, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (18 - 21, 25); 0.2 mm (22 - 24).

Figures 26 - 36. Racelda ottoi Oliveira & Gil-Santana, sp. nov. 26 prothorax, ventral view, arrows point to posteroventral elongate processes of propleura 27 - 29 fore leg 27, 28 lateral view, inner surface 27 femur 28 tibia 29 tarsus, dorsal view 30 - 35 lateral view, inner surface 30, 31 middle leg 30 trochanter, femur and basal half of ventral surface of tibia 31 tibia 32 - 35 hind leg 32 trochanter 33 femur 34 tibia 35 tarsus 36 abdomen, segments I-IV, except distal portion of the latter, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (36); 0.2 mm (27 - 31, 33 - 35); 0.1 mm (26, 32).

Figures 37 - 41. Racelda ottoi Oliveira & Gil-Santana, sp. nov., abdomen. 37, 38 dorsal view 37 distal portion of segment III and segments IV-VII, arrows point to the dag on tergites V and VI 38 dag on basal portion of tergite V (pointed by an arrow) (dag: scar of dorsal abdominal gland opening) 39 - 41 ventral view 40 segments II-III, IV, except laterodistal portion, and midanterior portion of segment V 41 segments III (except basal portion), IV-VII. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (39); 0.5 mm (37, 41); 0.3 mm (40); 0.1 mm (38).

Figures 42 - 47. Racelda ottoi Oliveira & Gil-Santana, sp. nov., male genitalia. 42 genital capsule " in situ ", ventral view 43, 44 schematic outline, ventral view 43 abdominal segment VIII, 44, 45 pygophore 45, 46 parameres slightly moved apart, dorsal view 46 apical portions of parameres and proctiger and medial process of pygophore 47 right paramere. Abbreviations: br: transverse bridge; mp: medial process of pygophore; pa: paramere; pt: proctiger Scale bars: 0.3 mm (43, 44); 0.2 mm (47); 0.1 mm (42, 45, 46).

Figures 48 - 51. Racelda ottoi Oliveira & Gil-Santana, sp. nov., male genitalia, phallus. 48, 49 dorsal view 50 lateral view 51 ventral view. Abbreviations: bpa: basal plate arm; bpb: basal plate bridge; bpe: basal process of endosoma; bpt: basal plate extension; dpes: dorsal phallothecal sclerite-endosomal struts fusion; ds: dorsal phallothecal sclerite; es: endosomal struts; mpe: median process of endosoma. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (48 - 51).

Figures 52 - 55. Racelda ottoi Oliveira & Gil-Santana, sp. nov., male genitalia, dorsal view. 52 endosomal struts (es), dorsal phallothecal sclerite-endosomal struts fusion (dpes) and median portions of distal thickened margin of dorsal phallothecal sclerite (ds) 53 distal half of endosomal struts, dorsal phallothecal sclerite-endosomal struts fusion and dorsal phallothecal sclerite 54 basal process of endosoma 55 median process of endosoma. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (52 - 55).