Syphacia (Rumbaisyphacia) kumis, Dewi & Hasegawa & Asakawa, 2014

Dewi, Kartika, Hasegawa, Hideo & Asakawa, Mitsuhiko, 2014, Description of two new species of Syphacia (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) collected from Eropeplus canus (Rodentia: Muridae), an endemic rat of Sulawesi, Indonesia, with proposal of new subgenera, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62, pp. 647-654 : 648

Syphacia (Rumbaisyphacia) kumis , new species

( Figs. 1–18 )

Material examined. Holotype male and allotype female (MZBNa 624), 10 males and 10 females paratypes (MZBNa 625), Lambanan, Sulawesi, Indonesia, coll. H. Hasegawa, 31 July 1992.

Description. General: Medium sized pinworm with subgeneric chatacteristics defined above. Cuticle with faint transverse striations. Oral aperture surrounded by three triangular lips, one dorsal and two subventral; anterior margin of pharynx setiferous; four large cephalic papillae pedunculated, situated squarely; amphids close to subventral cephalic papillae. Oesophagus of typical oxyuroid form with valved bulb. Nerve ring anterior to midlevel of oesophageal corpus. Cephalic vesicle extending to nerve ring level. Deirids not seen.

Male (holotype and 10 paratypes): Total length 1.61 [1.51– 1.72] (1.65) mm, maximum width 119 [111–128] (125). Posterior body bent ventrally. Cephalic papillae situated trapezoidally with wider distance ventrally. Lateral alae large, vesicular. Total oesophagus 377 [352–393] (353) long: pharynx 18 [13–17] (16) long and 24 [17–24] (22) wide, corpus 292 [252–278] (273) long and 43 [34–39] (37) wide, isthmus 21 [16–25] (21) wide at narrowest level, and bulb 67 [52–70] (67) long by 67 [68–78] (71) wide. Nerve ring 128 [127–147] (132), and excretory pore far posterior to oesophago-intestinal junction, protruded, 612 [568–667] (617) from cephalic end. Three mamelons with prominent annulations developed at ventral posterior body; anterior mamelon 84 [72–103] (92) long, middle mamelon 102 [92–103] (97) long and posterior mamelon 72 [64–100] (80) long. Distance from cephalic end to anterior edges of anterior, middle and posterior mamelons 793 [820–926] (862), 0.98 [1.04–1.16] (1.07) mm and 1.23 [1.21–1.37] (1.29) mm, respectively. Spicule single, relatively short, thin, needle- shaped, 88 [79–84] (83) long, [i.e., 5.5 [4.72–8.58] (5.0)% of total body length (TBL)]. Gubernaculum 40 [39–42] (41) long with thin, unornamented accessory piece of 10 [10–12] (11) long. Caudal papillae present in 3 pairs, 2 pairs small, near cloaca and 1 pair, large, protruding posterolaterally. Tail 130 [108–136] (121) long [i.e., 8.1 [6.4–8.1] (7.4)% of TBL].

Female (allotype and 10 paratypes): Body slender, relatively stout; length 4.36 [3.21–4.12] (3.60) mm, width 248 [192–279] (212). Cephalic papillae situated quadrangularly. Distance between amphids 37.7–39.2 (n=2). Lateral alae small, vesicular. Total oesophagus 547 [470–537] (500) long: pharynx 19 [17–21] (19) long and 38 [33–38] (36) wide, corpus 422 [369–404] (384) long and 61 [47–56] (50) wide, isthmus 15–21 (18) long, 42 [28–39] (34) wide at narrowest level, and bulb 106 [96–114] (98) long by 122 [97–117] (108) wide. Nerve ring 165 [161–181] (174), and excretory pore 863 [726–861] (795), from cephalic end. Vulva protruded, 1.21 [0.97–1.16] (1.08) mm from cephalic end; vagina and ovejector directed posteriorly. Distance between excretory pore and vulva 347 [228–295] (270) [i.e., 7.9 [6.7–8.3] (7.6)% of TBL]. Eggs ellipsoidal, asymmetrical with one side flattened, operculated in convex side, shell surface pitted, embryonated in uteri, 96–102 × 34–40. Uterus extending anteriorly from just posterior of oesophageal bulb and ending posteriorly near anus. Tail relatively long, tapering to pointed end, 688 [500–607] (552) long [i.e., 15.8 [14.6–16.3] (15.3)% of TBL].

Type host. Eropeplus canus Miller & Hollister, 1921 (Sulawesi soft-furred rat) ( Rodentia : Muridae ).

Symbiotype. The type host was deposited to the American Museum of Natural History with accession number M-267755.

Site of infection. Caecum.

Etymology. The subgeneric name was created by combining an Indonesian word ‘rumbai’, meaning fringe, and Syphacia , and the species epithet was derived from an Indonesian word ‘kumis’, which means moustach. Both words were adopted as the setiferous apical margin of pharynx reminds of fringed edge and moustach.

Remarks. This is a typical member of the genus Syphacia Seurat, 1916 by having three mamelons in males (Petter & Quentin, 1971; Hugot, 1988). Three subgenera have been recognised: Syphacia Seurat, 1916 , Cricetoxyuris Hugot, 1988 , and Sueratoxyuris Hugot, 1988 ( Hugot, 1988). By lacking cervical alae, developed deirids, and by having an unornamented accessory piece of gubernaculum, and vesicular lateral alae, it resembles subgenus Syphacia ( Hugot, 1988) . Pedunculated cephalic papillae arranged quadrangularly are also seen in Syphacia (Syphacia) muris ( Yamaguti, 1935) ( Quentin, 1971) . However, setiferous apical margin of pharynx is a quite peculiar characteristic. A comparable structure has been known only in Oxyuris ( Schrank, 1788) among the oxyuroids of vertebrates ( Petter & Quentin, 1976; Gibbons, 2010). A new subgenus is hence proposed.

Distribution. Lambanan, Sulawesi, Indonesia (present study)

Figures

Figs. 1−10. Syphacia (Rumbaisyphacia) kumis, new species from Eropeplus canus in south Sulawesi, Indonesia. 1, male, holotype, lateral view; 2, cephalic end of male, apical view; 3, midbody in cross section of male; 4, posterior end of male, ventral view; 5, spicule and gubernaculum, lateral view; 6, cephalic end of female, apical view; 7, anterior portion of female, lateral view; 8, Posterior portion of female; 9, midbody in cross section of female; 10, egg.

Figs. 11–18. SEM Syphacia (Rumbaisyphacia) kumis, new species from Eropeplus canus in south Sulawesi, Indonesia. 11, cephalic end, apical view; 12, mouth opening showing setiferous apical margin of pharynx; 13, anterior end, lateral view; 14, egg; 15, posterior end; 16, mamelon, ventral view; 17, mamelon (lateral view); 18, protruded vulva