Cavariella japonica (Essig & Kuwana, 1918)

Xu, Ying, Chen, Jing, Jiang, Li-Yun & Qiao, Ge-Xia, 2023, Cavariella Del Guercio (Hemiptera, Aphidinae, Macrosiphini) in China, with a new species, new synonymies, and first country records, ZooKeys 1169, pp. 235-292 : 235

Cavariella japonica (Essig & Kuwana, 1918)

Figs 12 , 33A-C

Siphocoryne japonica Essig & Kuwana, 1918: 66.

Specimens examined.

One ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem. (slides), one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956124 ), China: Hubei (Yien County), 30.IV.2016, No. 36809-1-1, on Apiaceae , coll. X.C. Zhu ; one ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem., Hubei ( Xingdou Mountain ), 4.V.2019, No. 45380-1-1, on Apiaceae , coll. X.L. Zhang ; three ap. viv. fems., Hubei ( Xingdou Mountain ), 3.V.2019, No. 45369-1-1, on Apiaceae , coll. X.L. Zhang ; one ap. viv. fem. and one ala. viv. fem. (slides), one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956119 ), Sichuan ( Dujiangyan ), 11.IV.2014, No. 31362-1-1, on Apiaceae , coll. Y. Wang and X.J. Tang ; two ap. viv. fems., Hubei ( Xingdou Mountain ), 3.V.2019, No. 45370-1-1, on Apiaceae , coll. X. L. Zhang ; two ap. viv. fems. (slides) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956136 ), Sichuan ( Chengdu City ), 24.VIII.2018, No. 44015-1-1, on Apiaceae , coll. Y. Xu and J.F. Ji ; two ap. viv. fems. (slides) and one ap. viv. fem. (COI: OP956135 ), Sichuan ( Chengdu City ), 11.VIII.2018, No. 43839-1-1, on Apiaceae , coll. Y. Xu and J.F. Ji.

Diagnosis.

In life, body white, distal part of tibiae and tarsi black, other parts pale, body dorsum sometimes slightly sclerotized (Fig. 33A, B ); nymphs white, unsclerotized (Fig. 33C ). In mounted specimens, body dorsum covered with oval sculptures and papillate tubercles, sometimes sclerotized and pale brown in color (Fig. 12A ); PT 1.41-1.64 × Ant. VIb; SIPH cylindrical, tapering, constricted distally, slightly curved outward at the end (Fig. 12K ), 0.14-0.18 × body length; ABD TERG VIII with short conical supra-caudal (Fig. 12M ); Ant. III-V each with 31-38, 4 or 5, 0 or 1 circular secondary rhinaria in alatae (Fig. 12P ) ( Essig and Kuwana 1918).

Comment.

The species resembles Cavariella nigra , but differs as follows: body white, dorsum sometimes slightly sclerotized, distal part of tibiae and tarsi black, other parts pale in life; nymphs white, unsclerotized in life ( C. nigra : body dorsum sclerotized and black, and appendages black in life; nymphs pale yellow, thoracic nota and abdominal tergites each with one pair of spinal and marginal patches); PT 1.41-1.64 × Ant. VIb ( C. nigra : PT 1.17-1.49 × Ant. VIb); Ant. III-V each with 31-38, 4 or 5, 0 or 1 circular secondary rhinaria in alatae ( C. nigra : Ant. III-V each with 51-64, 11 or 12, 1-3 circular secondary rhinaria in alatae).

Biology.

Primary host plant: Salix , and the aphids feed on young stems (Fig. 33A ). Secondary host plant: Apiaceae , and the aphids feed on upper sides of leaves and with ant-attendance (Fig. 33B, C ).

Distribution.

China (Hubei, Sichuan, Taiwan ( Tao 1964)), Japan.

Figures

Figure 12. Cavariella japonica (Essig & Kuwana). Apterous viviparous female: A dorsal view of body B dorsal view of head C antenna D ultimate rostral segment E marginal tubercle of prothorax notum F mesosternal furca G second hind tarsal segment H marginal tubercles of abdominal tergite I-II I sculptures of abdominal tergites I-VI J muskelplatten K siphunculus L sculptures of abdominal tergites VII M supra-caudal process on abdominal tergite VIII N cauda. Alata viviparous female: O dorsal view of body P antenna Q siphunculus R supra-caudal process on abdominal tergite VIII S cauda. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.

Figure 33. The ecological habitat photographs of Cavariella in field A the apterae and nymphs of Cavariella japonica (Essig & Kuwana) feeding on tender stem of Salix B, C the apterae and nymphs of Cavariella japonica feeding on tender stem of Apiaceae D the apterae and nymphs of Cavariella konoi Takahashi feeding on the leaves of Salix.