Cephaloleia Chevrolat, 1836

Sekerka, Lukáš, 2014, Review of Imatidiini genera (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (1), pp. 257-314 : 272-274

Cephaloleia Chevrolat, 1836

( Fig. 20 )

Cephaloleia Chevrolat, 1836 in DEJEAN (1836): 366. Type species: Hispa nigricornis Fabricius, 1792 designated by STAINES (1992).

Cephalolia Gemminger & Harold, 1876: 3601 (unjusti¿ed emendation).

Uhmannispa Monrós & Viana, 1947: 172 ; UHMANN (1957a): 14 (synonymy). Type species: Uhmannispa maculata Monrós & Viana, 1947 by original designation.

Distinguishing characters. Cephaloleia is the largest genus of the tribe and it is a bit dif¿cult to propose a combination of characters unique to the genus. Generally, Cephaloleia species are elongate and parallel-sided with narrow and smooth explanate margins of the elytra, subquadratic or anteriorly widening pronotum, rounded apex of the elytra and the pygidium usually being visible from above ( Fig. 20 ). All species have mouthparts that are not visible from above but being directed forward or diagonally.

Remarks. The genus was proposed by Chevrolat in DEJEAN’ s (1836) second catalogue and included 31 species, however, only two, Hispa nigricornis Fabricius, 1792 and H. metallica Fabricius, 1801 , were validly described. BALY (1858) designated Cephaloleia gratiosa Baly, 1858 as the type species and this designation was generally accepted (i.e. UHMANN 1957a). However, BALY’ s (1858) designation is invalid because the species was not originally included (article 69.1 of ICZN (1999)), thus STAINES (1992) designated Hispa nigricornis Fabricius, 1792 , one of the two valid species originally included in the genus, as the type species.

The correct spelling used in the original publication is Cephaloleia Chevrolat in DEJEAN (1836). GEMMINGER & HAROLD (1876) considered BLANCHARD (1845) as the author of the genus and unjustly emended the name to Cephalolia Gemminger & Harold, 1876 .

Having studied the type specimens of many Cephaloleia species , I found that some actually belong to different genera, while some described in Demotispa actually belong to Cephaloleia . Cephaloleia barroi Uhmann, 1959 , C. saundersi Staines, 1996 , and Demotispa sallei Baly, 1858 form a group of related species, most likely not congeneric with Cephaloleia , as they have a semicircular pronotum and convex body-shape, which in some respects is reminiscent of Pseudostilpnaspis species. However, having not examined their types I am leaving them in Cephaloleia . Some other Cephaloleia species like C. cyanea Staines, 1996 , C. facetus Staines, 1996 , and C. gilvipes Uhmann, 1930 might also belong to different genera.

BONDAR (1942) described Himatidium mauliki based on a long series of specimens. Subsequently it was transferred to Cephaloleia and a replacement name, Cephaloleia bondari , was proposed because of homonymy with C. mauliki Uhmann, 1930 ( MONRÓS 1945). STAINES (2009) subsequently transferred the species to Stilpnaspis . I examined large part of the type series preserved in MNRJ and found it contains three different species, two belonging to Cephaloleia and one to Pseudimatidium . Therefore, a lectotype is designated for the Cephaloleia with bicolorous antennae as this character was mentioned in the original description ( BONDAR 1942). The Lectotype, here designated, glued (top specimen on the pin): ‘2682 [white and handwritten label] || Cotipo [red and handwritten label] || Himatidium 2682 | mauliki Bond. [white and handwritten label] || 398 [white and handwritten label]’ (MNRJ); 5 paralectotypes pinned on the same pin as lectotype (lower two belong to C. cf. cognata Baly, 1869 , remaining three are the same as the lectotype): same data as lectotype (MNRJ); 6 paralectotypes glued in pairs on three cards and pinned on one pin (all belonging to C. cf. cognata ): ‘Cotipo [red and handwritten label] || Heliconia | E. E Santo [white and handwritten label] || 398 [white and handwritten label]’ (MNRJ); 10 paralectotypes, glued in pairs on cards and pinned on one pin (all except left specimen on the second card (= Pseudimatidium neivai (Bondar, 1940)) agrees with the lectotype): ‘Cotipo [red and handwritten label] || 398 [white and handwritten label]’ (MNRJ); 9 paralectotypes, glued on ¿ve cards and pinned on one pin (left one on the ¿rst card, one on third card and the three on bottom card agrees with the lectotype, remaining belong to C. cf. cognata ): ‘Cotipo [red and handwritten label]’ (MNRJ).

Species transferred to Cephaloleia . Cephaloleia basalis (Weise, 1910) comb. nov. (from Demotispa ), C. nigronotata ( Pic, 1936) comb. nov. (from Demotispa ), and C. bondari ( Monrós, 1945) comb. nov. (from Stilpnaspis ). Because of the new transfer Cephaloleia basalis Pic, 1926 has become a secondary junior homonym of C. basalis (Weise, 1910) , thus a new substitute name, C. pici nom. nov, is proposed for C. basalis Pic, 1926 .

Species transferred from Cephaloleia to other genera. Cephaloleia minasensis Pic, 1931 and C. viridis Pic, 1931 to Stenispa ; Cephaloleia formosus Staines, 1996 , C. gracilis Baly, 1878 , and C. vagelineata Pic, 1926 to Parentispa gen. nov.

Number of species. 201 ( UHMANN 1957a, STAINES 1996, present paper).

Key to species. Costa Rica ( UHMANN 1930), Central America including Caribbean ( STAINES 1996); 31 species known from the whole Neotropics ( UHMANN 1936).

Biology. Cephaloleia species are associated with various monocots and only 54 of them have known host plants. Of these, 39 are associated with Zingiberales ( Heliconiaceae , Maranthaceae , Costaceae , Zingiberaceae ). Other species live on Arecaceae (8 species), Poaceae (4 species), Cyperaceae , Orchideaceae, and Bromeliaceae (each with one associated species). Larvae as well as adults of most species live in young rolled-up leaves or in inflorescences when rolled leaves are not available or are too young (e.g., MESKINS et al. 2008, GARCÍA- ROBLEDO et al. 2010). Species associated with Arecaceae and Orchideaceae live in young not fully open leaves of their host plants and adults feed on 2–3 youngest leaves, usually only on the youngest, partly open leaf ( SEKERKA et al. 2013).

Distribution. Mexico to northern Argentina.

Figures

Figs 12–24. Dorsal habitus. 18 – Katkispa insignis (Pic, 1934), syntype, Venezuela: Colonia Tovar; 13 – Weiseispa angusticollis (Weise, 1893), Ecuador: Río Palenque; 14 – Demotispa pulchella Baly, 1858, lectotype, Peru; 15 – Demotispa rubiginosa (Boheman, 1862), Panama: Chiriquí; 16 – Parimatidium rubrum (Boheman, 1850), French Guyana:St. Laurent du Maroni;17 – Pseudostilpnaspis lata (Baly, 1885), Panama:Santa Clara; 18 – Pseudimatidium elaeicola Aslam, 1966, Colombia: Calima area; 19 – Windsorispa latifrons (Weise, 1910), Colombia: SantoAntonio; 20 – Cephaloleia Àavipennis Baly, 1869, Ecuador: Río Hollín; 21 – Melanispa sp., Guadeloupe; 22 – Parentispa formosa (Staines, 1996), Panama: La Fortuna; 23 – Stenispa attenuata Baly, 1875, Panama: Gamboa; 24 – Lechispa parallela (Pic, 1930), syntype, Argentina: Rosas. All scale bars = 2.5 mm.