Hirrius Bolívar, 1887

Skejo, Josip, Husemann, Martin, Jr, Romeo Patano, Tumbrinck, Josef, Pushkar, Taras I., Pavlović, Marko, Mohagan, Alma, Pamin, Jan-Henrik & Kasalo, Niko, 2024, Revision of the polyphyletic genus Hirrius Bolívar, 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae), with descriptions of three new genera and insights into antennal sensilla morphology, Zootaxa 5524 (1), pp. 1-61 : 8

Genus Hirrius Bolívar, 1887

Vernacular name: Mindanao Blackhoppers ( Figs. 1–13 )

Historical mentions: under Arulenus Stål 1877: 55–56 ; As Hirrius Bolívar 1887: 191 , 196, 308; Hancock 1907: 7; Kirby 1910: 3; Bolívar 1931: 30; Günther 1937: 176; 1938: 303; Blackith 1992: 90; Yin et al. 1996: 875; Otte 1997: 33; Skejo 2017: 29, 48, 117–121; Patano et al. 2022: 776.

Type species Arulenus punctatus Stål, 1877 (= Hirrius punctatus ), by original monotypy.

Composition and distribution. Three species endemic to Mindanao, the Philippines ( Fig. 2A, 2B, 2C ): Hirrius punctatus ( Stål, 1877) , H. mindanaensis Günther, 1938 , and Hirrius ruber sp. nov.

Diagnosis. The genus Hirrius shares similarities with genera Guentheracris gen. nov., Parahirrius gen. nov. and Zvierckia gen. nov., that were assigned to the genus Hirrius hitherto, but can easily be distinguished from these genera, as well as from other similar Tetrigidae genera, such as Melainotettix and Camelotettix , by the following set of traits: (1) Antennae smooth, long and with almost all the segments widened (filiform and short in Parahirrius gen. nov., Melainotettix and Camelotettix ; only subapical antennomeres widened in Guentheracris gen. nov.; antennae with toothed margins and widened subapical antennomeres in Zvierckia gen. nov.); (2) Antennal grooves inserted between the eyes, in similar fashion as in Guentheracris gen. nov., Melainotettix and Camelotettix (at the level of the lower margins of the compound eyes or slightly below in Parahirrius gen. nov., while strongly below the lower margins of the compound eyes in Zvierckia gen. nov.); (3) pronotal discus in lateral view flat with a barely perceptible hump after prozona (with weak projections/tubercles in Zvierckia gen. nov.; undulated in Guentheracris gen. nov., Melainotettix and Camelotettix ); (4) tegmina not visible (visible in Zvierckia gen. nov., Melainotettix and Camelotettix ); (5) hindwings visible in some species (visible in Zvierckia gen. nov. and Guentheracris gen. nov., while large and easily visible in Melainotettix and Camelotettix , not visible at all in Parahirrius gen. nov.). The genus Arulenus Stål, 1877 from Mindanao with widened subapical antennal segments can easily be distinguished from all the mentioned genera by the high spines between the shoulders.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Already the antenna of the former members of the genus Hirrius, currently Hirrius mindanaensis, Guentheracris scrobiculata comb. nov., Zvierckia sarasinorum comb. nov., Zvierckia montana comb. nov., and Zvierckia storozhenkoi sp. nov. Evidence the diversity of the Tetrigidae representatives assigned to this genus till this revision.

FIGURE 2. Distribution of the species belonging to the genera Hirrius and Parahirrius gen. nov., both endemic to the island of Mindanao. A) H. punctatus, B) H. mindanaensis, C) H. ruber sp. nov., D) P. parvus sp. nov., E) P. amorosus sp. nov.

FIGURE 3. Lectotype ♀ Hirrius punctatus (Stål, 1877) from NHRS. A) dorsal view, B) left lateral view, C) right lateral view, D) labels, E) head in frontal view. Photo J. Tumbrinck.

FIGURE 4. Hirrius punctatus (Stål, 1877) ♂ from Semper’s collection, i.e., from the same collector and probably the collecting event as the lectotype ♀ from fig. 3. Deposited in ZMH. A) dorsal view, B) left lateral view, C) labels, D) head in frontal view. Photo E. Nguyen.

FIGURE 5. Hirrius punctatus (Stål, 1877), first photograph of a living specimen, ♀ from the Philippines, Mindanao, taken on 16.III.2011. by Shirley Sekarajasingham and reproduced with author’s permission. A) dorsolateral view, B) dorsal view.

FIGURE 6. Color variability of Hirrius punctatus (Stål, 1877) from Mindanao. A) male similar in coloration to the lectotype, B) dark ♂ with many bright markings and epizoic overgrowth, C) dark ♀ with very weak markings, D) ♂ of a very bright coloration and fused dorsal spots, E) dark ♂ with bright markings, F) dark ♂ with very bright markings. Photo R. Patano Jr.

FIGURE 7. Hirrius mindanaensis Günther, 1938 syntypes from SDEI (A–D ♀ and E–I ♂). A) ♀ left lateral view, B) ♀ dorsal view, C) ♀ head in frontal view, D) ♀ syntype labels, E) ♂ left lateral view, F) ♂ right lateral view, G) ♂ dorsal view, H) ♂ head in frontal view, I) ♂ syntype labels. Photo S. Ingrisch.

FIGURE 8. Hirrius mindanaensis Günther, 1938 ♀ from Zamboanga peninsula. A) head in frontal view, B) dorsal view, C) right lateral view, D) labels, E) left dorsolateral view. Photo J. Tumbrinck.

FIGURE 9. Hirrius mindanaensis Günther, 1938 ♀ from Zamboanga peninsula. A) dorsal view, B) left lateral view, C) labels, D head in frontal view. Photo E. Nguyen.

FIGURE 10. Hirrius mindanaensis Günther, 1938 ♂ from Zamboanga peninsula. A) dorsal view, B) left lateral view, C) head in frontal view, D) labels. Photo E. Nguyen.

FIGURE 11. Hirrius mindanaensis Günther, 1938 A–B) living specimen from Iligan, photo R. Patano Jr., C) living ♂ from Zamboanga del Sur observed by iNaturalist user @anncabras24 on on 31.I.2020., iNaturalist observation 38141140.

FIGURE 12. Hirrius ruber Skejo, Patano et Kasalo sp. nov., living type specimens at the type locality, Mount Natampod 24.VII.2022., before being caught. A) ♀ holotype right lateral view, B) ♂ paratype left lateral view, C) same as previous one, D) ♀ in left dorsoventral view. Photo R. Patano Jr.

FIGURE 13. Hirrius ruber Skejo, Patano et Kasalo sp. nov., ♀ holotype (A–G) and ♂ paratype (H). A) ♀ holotype in dorsal view, B) ♀ holotype in ventral view, C) ♀ holotype in right lateral view, D) ♀ holotype head in frontal view, E) ♀ holotype head and pronotum details in lateral view, F) ♀ holotype head and pronotum details in dorsal view, G) ♀ holotype abdomen apex in lateral view, H) ♂ paratype abdomen apex in lateral view. Photo R. Patano Jr.