Julus lindholmi Lohmander, 1936

Evsyukov, Aleksandr, Golovatch, Sergei & Reip, Hans S., 2018, The millipede genus Julus Linnaeus, 1758 in the Caucasus (Diplopoda: Julida: Julidae), Zootaxa 4461 (1), pp. 89-117 : 106-108

Julus lindholmi Lohmander, 1936

Figs 1F , 2F , 3N–P , 6E–G , 12A–F , 14F , 15F , 16F , 18B , Map 1

Julus lindholmi Lohmander, 1936: 71 (D)

Julus lindholmi — Lang, 1959: 1751 (M); Kobakhidze, 1964: 190 (R); 1965: 392 (M); Lokšina and Golovatch, 1979: 386 (M); Talikadze, 1984: 143 (M); Chumachenko, 2011: 139 (R); Kokhia and Golovatch, 2018: 40 (M).

Material examined. 1 male, 2 females ( ZMUM), Russia, Stavropol Prov., near Lake Kravtsovo , steppe, 26.III.2016, leg. R. Zuev.

1 male, 4 females (ZMUM), Russia, Karachaevo-Cherkessia, Teberda Nature Reserve, Mt. Malaya Khatipara above the town of Teberda, Betula , Acer and Populus tremula dwarf stand near stream up to timber-line, litter and under stones, 1800–2000 m a.s.l., 29–30.V.1985, leg. S. Golovatch; 1 male, 1 female, same locality, Medvezhya Balka, Betula forest, litter, 2200 m a.s.l., 7.VII.1986, leg. K. Mikhailov.

3 males, 1 female ( ZMUM), Georgia, Svanetia , near Khaishi, Khaishura River Valley, 600 m a.s.l., Quercus ,

Fagus etc. forest, 5.IX.1986; 2 males, 5 females, 1 juvenile ( ZMUM), Svanetia, Nenskra River Valley, Lukhi N of Khaishi , 800 m a.s.l., forest, litter, 2.IX.1986, all leg. A. Ryvkin ; 1 male, 2 females, 1 juvenile ( SMNG), Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti, Korkvali, 3.5 km towards Zugdidi , 42.9814N 42.2314E, 720 m a.s.l., 29.IX.2012, leg. F. Walther.

Diagnosis. Differs from other species of the genus by the following combination of characters. Promere (pr) round at apex, with a wide lateral lamella (la) ( Figs 12A, 12E ). Opisthomere (op) with a spike in basal part ( Fig. 12B ). Lateral outgrowth (lo) of op narrow ( Figs 12B , 14F ). Striations on metazonae regular and held parallel to one another ( Fig. 16F ). Ampullae of female vulvae (am1 and am2) elongated and located at different levels; leg-pair 2 (l2) without coxal process ( Fig. 18B ).

Descriptive notes. Length 28–31 mm, width 1.9–2.8 mm. Number of segments from 46+2+T to 50+1+T. Body grey with a thin, black, dorsal, axial line, venter lighter; legs yellow. Antennae and anal valves brown. Eye patched composed of ca 40 ocelli. Striations on metazonae regular and parallel ( Fig. 16F ).

All other characters as in J. alexandrae , except as follows. Antennae in situ reaching back to body segment 3. Antennomeres 5 and 6 each with a corolla of bacilliform sensilla ( Fig. 1F ). Each gnathochilarial stipes with a small group of setae parabasally below mentum ( Fig. 2F ).

Male leg-pair 1 ( Figs 3N–P ) with a well-developed suture between coxa (cx) and 1-segmented telopodite remnant (te); cx without lateral outgrowth; te round, with thin setae. Male leg-pair 2 with two coxal processes ( Figs 6E–G ). Anterolateral process (alp) short. Main process (mp) long, rod-shaped. Penes (p) short, not deeply bifurcate ( Fig. 6F ).

Promere (pr) round at apex, with a wide lateral lamella (la) ( Figs 12A, 12E ). The male from near Teberda with an unusual pr carrying a triangular spike in distal part ( Figs 12C, 12D ). Flagella (fl) thickened and curved in apical part ( Figs 12A, 12C ).

Opisthomere (op) with a spike in basal part ( Fig. 12B ). Lateral outgrowth (lo) of op narrow ( Figs 14F ).

Bursa (bu) of female vulva (vu) with pointed apices, ampullae (am1 and am2) elongated and located at different levels; leg-pair 2 (l2) without coxal process ( Fig. 18B ).

Remarks. A rare species recorded from lowland Circassia (Stavropol Province) to the mid-montane forest belt in Abkhazia and Georgia ( Lohmander 1936; Lang 1959; Kobakhidze 1964, 1965; Lokšina and Golovatch 1979; Talikadze 1984). Chumachenko’s (2011) records of this species from subalpine and alpine meadows in the Caucasian Nature Reserve, Russia are probably erroneous and represent other congener(s).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Antennae in Caucasian species of Julus, lateral views. A: J. alexandrae Evsyukov, 2016. B: J. colchicus Lohmander, 1936. C: J. jedryczkowskii Golovatch, 1981. D: J. kubanus Verhoeff, 1921. E: J. lignaui Verhoeff, 1910. F: J. lindholmi Lohmander, 1936. G: J. dagestanus sp. n. H: J. khostensis sp. n. Scale bar: 0.3 mm.

FIGURE 2. Gnathochilaria in Caucasian species of Julus, ventral views. A: J. alexandrae Evsyukov, 2016. B: J. colchicus Lohmander, 1936. C: J. jedryczkowskii Golovatch, 1981. D: J. kubanus Verhoeff, 1921. E: J. lignaui Verhoeff, 1910. F: J. lindholmi Lohmander, 1936. G: J. subalpinus Lohmander, 1936. H: J. dagestanus sp. n. I: J. khostensis sp. n. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.

FIGURE 3. Male legs 1 in Julus alexandrae Evsyukov, 2016 (A), J. colchicus Lohmander, 1936 (B–D), J. jedryczkowskii Golovatch, 1981 (E–F), J. kubanus Verhoeff, 1921 (G–I), J. lignaui Verhoeff, 1910 (J–M), J. lindholmi Lohmander, 1936 (N– P), J. subalpinus Lohmander, 1936 (Q–R), J. dagestanus sp. n. (S) and J. khostensis sp. n. (T). A: from the Rostov-on-Don Region. B: from Krasnaya Polyana, Krasnodar Province. C: from Sakhrai, Adygea Republic. D: syntype from Gagry, Abkhazia, after Lohmander (1936). E: from North Ossetia. F: paratype from North Ossetia, after Golovatch (1981). G: from Maikop, Adygea Republic. H: from Pskhu, Abkhazia. I: from Aksaut, Karachaevo-Cherkessia, after Lohmander (1936). J: from Krasnaya Polyana, Krasnodar Province. K: from Teberda, Karachaevo-Cherkessia. L: from Mestia, Svanetia, Georgia. M: from Teberda, Karachaevo-Cherkessia. N: from Svanetia, Georgia. O: from near Teberda, Karachaevo-Cherkessia. P: holotype from Olginskoe, Abkhazia, after Lohmander (1936). Q: from North Ossetia. R: syntype from Mount Djuga, Krasnodar Province, after Lohmander (1936). S: holotype from Dagestan. T: holotype from Khosta, Krasnodar Province. Oral views B–O; caudal views A, P. Abbreviations: cx, coxa; te, telopodite remnant. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (A–C, E, G, H, J–O, Q, S, T), 0.2 mm (F), not to scale (D, I, P, R).

FIGURE 6. Male legs 2 in Julus lignaui Verhoeff, 1910 (A–D) and J. lindholmi Lohmander, 1936 (E–G), caudal views. A: from Krasnaya Polyana, Krasnodar Province. B: from Teberda, Karachaevo-Cherkessia. C: from Mestia, Georgia. D: from Teberda, Karachaevo-Cherkessia. E: from Svanetia, Georgia. F: from near Teberda, Karachaevo-Cherkessia. G: holotype from Olginskoe, Abkhazia, after Lohmander (1936). Abbreviations: alp, anterolateral process of coxa 2; mp, main process of coxa 2; p, penes; pp, posterior process of coxa 2. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (A–F), not to scale (G).

FIGURE 12. Male gonopods in Julus lindholmi Lohmander, 1936 (A–B from Svanetia, Georgia; C–D from near Teberda, Karachaevo-Cherkessia; E–F holotype from Olginskoe, Abkhazia, after Lohmander (1936)) and J. subalpinus Lohmander, 1936 (G from North Ossetia; H–I syntype from Mount Djuga, Krasnodar Province, after Lohmander (1936)). A, C: promere with flagellum, caudal view. B: opisthomere, oral view. D, I: left gonopods, mesal view. E: promere, caudal view. F, H: promere, mesal view. G: right gonopods, mesal view. Scale bar: 0.3 mm (A–D, G), not to scale (E, F, H, I). Abbreviations: fl, flagellum; la, lamella on promere; lo, lateral outgrowth of opisthomere; ms, mesomere; op, opisthomere; pr, promere.

FIGURE 14. Mesomere and opisthomere in Caucasian species of Julus, oral views. A: J. alexandrae Evsyukov, 2016. B: J. colchicus Lohmander, 1936. C: J. jedryczkowskii Golovatch, 1981. D: J. kubanus Verhoeff, 1921. E: J. lignaui Verhoeff, 1910. F: J. lindholmi Lohmander, 1936 G: J. subalpinus Lohmander, 1936. H: J. dagestanus sp. n. Scale bars: 0.3 mm. Abbreviations: fl, flagellum; lo, lateral outgrowth of opisthomere; ms, mesomere; op, opisthomere.

FIGURE 15. Ventral edge of male segments 7 in Caucasian species of Julus. A: J. alexandrae Evsyukov, 2016. B: J. colchicus Lohmander, 1936 C: J. jedryczkowskii Golovatch, 1981. D: J. kubanus Verhoeff, 1921. E: J. lignaui Verhoeff, 1910. F: J. lindholmi Lohmander, 1936. G: J. subalpinus Lohmander, 1936. H: J. khostensis sp. n. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.

FIGURE 16. Striation on metazonites in Caucasian species of Julus. A: J. alexandrae Evsyukov, 2016. B: J. colchicus Lohmander, 1936. C: J. jedryczkowskii Golovatch, 1981. D: J. kubanus Verhoeff, 1921. E: J. lignaui Verhoeff, 1910. F: J. lindholmi Lohmander, 1936. G: J. subalpinus Lohmander, 1936. H: J. dagestanus sp. n. I: J. khostensis sp. n. Pictures taken not to scale.

FIGURE 18. Female vulvae and legs 2 in Caucasian species of Julus. A: J. lignaui Verhoeff, 1910. B: J. lindholmi Lohmander, 1936. C: J. subalpinus Lohmander, 1936. D: J. dagestanus sp. n. Abbreviations: vu, vulva; op, operculum; bu, bursa; am1 and am2, ampulla 1 and ampulla 2; l2, coxa and prefemur of leg 2. Scale bar: 0.3 mm.