Lycoriella (Lycoriella) ingenua ( DUFOUR, 1839 )

Menzel, Frank, Vilkamaa, Pekka & Smith, Jane E., 2013, Overview of the Black Fungus Gnats from the Tristan da Cunha archipelago, including a redescription of Hyperlasion viridiventris (FREY) (Diptera: Sciaroidea: Sciaridae), Beiträge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 63 (2), pp. 283-296 : 291-292

Lycoriella (Lycoriella) ingenua ( DUFOUR, 1839)

( Figs 18, 19 )

Synonyms:

= Molobrus mali FITCH, 1856 ; = Sciara solani WINNERTZ, 1871 ; = Sciara pauciseta FELT, 1897 ; = Sciara ramicola KIEFFER, 1919 ; = Sciara caesar JOHANNSEN, 1929 ; = Niadina jauva RAPP, 1946 ; = Bradysia (Chaetosciara) mycorum FREY, 1948 ; = Psilosciara flammulinae SASAKAWA, 1983 [more synonyms in MENZEL & MOHRIG (2000)].

Selected literature:

– DUFOUR (1839): 29, plate 1, figs 20–28 [as Sciara ]; – FITCH (1856): 484 [as Molobrus mali ]; – WINNERTZ (1871): 852 [as Sciara solani ]; – FELT (1897): 224, plate 6, figs 2, 4, 12 [as Sciara pauciseta ]; – KIEFFER (1919): 202, fig. 11 [as Sciara ramicola ]; – TONNOIR & EDWARDS (1927): 798, plate 70, figs 178, 179 [as Sciara agraria FELT , misidentification]; – FREY (1948): 59 and 80, plate 12, fig. 66; – FREY (1954): 2 and 10 [all as Bradysia mycorum ]; – TUOMIKOSKI (1960): 79 and 84, figs 18e, 20e [as Lycoriella solani ]; – YOSHIMOTO & GRESSITT (1963): 875 [as Sciara agraria FELT , misidentification]; – HOLD- GATE (1965): 396 [as Bradysia mycorum ]; – STEFFAN (1972): 429, fig. 1a–h [als Lycoriella solani ]; – STEFFAN (1974): 47 [as Lycoriella mali ]; – SASAKAWA (1983): 321, figs 1C, 1D [as Psilosciara flammulinae ]; – FREEMAN (1983): 31 and 43, figs 1–3, 5–8, 92, 100, 104 [as Lyco- riella solani ]; – CLIFT & LARSSON (1984): 49 [as Lycoriella mali ]; – MENZEL & MOHRIG (2000): 393, figs 43, 89 [as Lycoriella ingenua ]; – GASTON et al. (2003): 1096; – JONES et al. (2003): 241 and 247, fig. 28a [all as Lycoriella sp. A ]; – GREENSLADE & CLIFT (2004): 81 [as Lycoriella ingenua and Sciara agraria FELT , misidentification]; – MENZEL et al. (2006): 111; – MOHRIG et al. (2013): 211 [all as Lycoriella ingenua ].

Material from the archipelago:

Only known from the literature ( FREY 1954, GASTON et al. 2003, JONES et al. 2003).

Distribution:

Recorded from Gough, Inaccessible and Tristan da Cunha Islands ( FREY 1954, JONES et al. 2003). Worldwide distributed. Known from Canada (e.g. Ontario), United States (e.g. California, Illinois, Pennsylvania, Hawaiian Islands: Kauai), Japan, Korea, Australia, Crozet Islands [ France], Russia (Asian territory: Far East, Amur, Tuva, Altay), Mongolia, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Azores [ Portugal] and Europe ( Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia [European territory], Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey [European territory]).

Description: See MENZEL & MOHRIG (2000): 393, figs 43, 89.

Discussion:

Like Lycoriella sativae (JOHANNSEN) [= L. castanescens ], Lycoriella ingenua is a ubiquitous species associated with fungi. As such it is well known as a pest in cultures of fungi, but it is less frequent than L. sativae in natural ecosystems. It was probably introduced with fungi cultures throughout the world and has formerly been recorded from a couple of other islands. For more detailed information about habitats see MENZEL et al. (2006).

Figures

Figs 18–23: Lycoriella ingenua (DUFOUR), male (Figs 18, 19): – Fig. 18: Hypopygium in ventral view; – Fig. 19: Right gonostyle in ventral view.Lycoriella sativae (JOHANNSEN), male (Figs 20, 21): – Fig. 20: Hypopygium in ventral view; – Fig. 21: Right gonostyle in ventral view. Pseudolycoriella setigera (HARDY), male (Figs 22, 23): – Fig. 22: Hypopygium in ventral view; – Fig. 23: Left gonostyle in ventral view.