Cisandina trinitensis ( Brévignon & Benmesbah, 2012) Nakahara & Rodríguez-Melgarejo & Kleckner & Corahua-Espinoza & Tejeira & Espeland & Casagrande & Barbosa & See & Gallice & Lamas, 2022

Nakahara, Shinichi, Rodríguez-Melgarejo, Maryzender, Kleckner, Kaylin, Corahua-Espinoza, Thalia, Tejeira, Rafael, Espeland, Marianne, Casagrande, Mirna M., Barbosa, Eduardo P., See, Joseph, Gallice, Geoffrey & Lamas, Gerardo, 2022, Systematic Revision of a New Butterfly Genus, Cisandina Nakahara & Espeland, n. gen., with Descriptions of Three New Taxa (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), Insect Systematics and Diversity 6 (1), pp. 1-30 : 27

Cisandina trinitensis ( Brévignon & Benmesbah, 2012) , New Combination

( Figs. 1 , 2q and r , 3u–w , 4l and m , 8 )

Euptychia ? sp.: D’Abrera 1988: 780, figs.

Magneuptychia trinitensis Brévignon & Benmesbah, 2012: 47 , pl. 3, Figs. 1–4 , pl. 4, Figs. 8, 8a .

Systematic placement and diagnosis: Cisandina trinitensis n. comb. is moderately to strongly supported as sister to the remainder of Cisandina n. gen. ( Fig. 1 ; SH-aLRT/UFBoot=91.9/92), with three sequenced individuals (LCB251, LCB356, MB_1708_15) forming a well-supported clade ( Fig. 1 ; SH-aLRT/UFBoot = 100/100). Cisandina trinitensis n. comb. is readily distinguished from other species in the genus by the lack of an ocellus in VHW cell Cu 2, coupled with the presence of four submarginal ocelli on the VFW (in cells M 1, M 2, M 3, and Cu 1). However, it must be noted that some ocelli on the VFW may appear as faint or only a trace, and with the limited number of specimens examined this character may prove unreliable.

Taxonomy: Brévignon and Benmesbah (2012) described Magneuptychia trinitensis based on two males and two females, including the male holotype, all collected in French Guiana. The holotype was examined prior to deposition in MOBE, and it was also figured in the original description (pl. 3, Figs. 1 and 2 ), where the aforementioned characters are visible. We also incorporated sequences from the holotype in our molecular phylogeny ( Fig. 1 ; LCB 251), thus leaving no doubt as to its rather distinctive identity, which is also indicated as being sister to the rest of the genus according to the maximum likelihood tree ( Fig. 1 ) .

Distribution and natural history: Cisandina trinitensis n. comb. is so far known from a handful of sites all situated in French Guiana ( Fig. 8 ).

Specimens examined (3 ♂, 2 ♀): French Guiana: Cayenne : Montagne de la Trinité, [4°36 ′ 2 ″ N, 53°24 ′ 43 ″ W], (Benmesbah, M.), 10 Nov 2010, 1 ♀ [AT trinitensis ], ( LBCB), (Hermier, B.), 30 Oct 2008, 1 ♀ [PT trinitensis ], ( LBCB) ; Nouragues Station , [4°5 ′ N, 52°41 ′ W], (Benmesbah, M.), 6 Sep 2010, 1 ♂, ( MOBE) ; St-Laurent du Maroni : Maripasoula, Antecume-Pata, ‘filet’, [3°17 ′ 53 ″ N, 54°4 ′ 16 ″ W], (Benmesbah, M.), 13 Mar 2012, 1 ♂ [HT trinitensis ], ( MOBE) ; Not located: ‘ French Guiana’, 1 ♂ [PT trinitensis ], ( MOBE) .

Other records: French Guiana: Cayenne: Cayenne, [4°56 ′ N, 52°20 ′ W], 1 ♂, 1 ♀, ( NHMUK) (D’Abrera (188: 780, ‘ Euptychia ? sp.’)) ; St-Laurent du Maroni: Maripasoula, Antecume-Pata, ‘filet’, [3°17 ′ 53 ″ N, 54°4 ′ 16 ″ W], (Benmesbah, M.), 13 Mar 2012, 1 ♀ [PT trinitensis ], ( MOBE) ( Brévignon and Benmesbah (2012)) .

Figures

Fig. 1. Maximum likelihood tree (LnL = −11380.331) inferred in IQ-TREE v2.0.5, showing monophyly of Cisandina n. gen., as well as relationships of taxa within these genera. Numbers beside branches are SH-aLRT/UFBoot values. HT denotes holotype specimens.

Fig. 2. Cisandina n. gen. adults,C. lea n. comb.: (a) male lectotype of Papilio lea in dorsal view;(b) male lectotype of Papilio lea in ventral view (associated labels to the right); (c) female lectotype of Papilo junia in dorsal view;(d) female lectotype of Papilo junia in ventral view (associated labels to the right);C. esmeralda n. sp., e) male holotype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right); (f) female paratype in dorsal view (left),ventral view (right); C. philippa n. comb. & reinst. stat.: (g) male indivdual in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right) (MUSM-LEP-103081); (h) female individual in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right) (MUSM-LEP-103092); C. castanya n. sp.: (i) male holotype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right); (j) female paratype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right) (BC-DZ-139); C. fida fida n. comb.: (k) male paralectotype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right); (l) female lectotype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right); C. fida directa n. ssp.: (m) male holotype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right); (n) female paratype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right) (DNA voucher LEP-14650, but sequence not obtained); C. sanmarcos n. comb.: (o) male holotype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right); (p) female paratype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right) (MUSM-LEP 103661);C. trinitesis n. comb.: (q) male holotype in dorsal view (left), ventral view (right);(r) female allotype in dorsal view (left),ventral view (right). Scale bar = 10 mm.

Fig. 3. Cisandina n. gen. male genitalia, C. lea n. comb.: (a) lateral view of genitalic capsule without phallus;(b) posterior view of juxta;(c) lateral view of phallus; (d) posterior view of genitalic capsule indicating the reduced appendices angulares ([a to c] based on dissection KW-14-18, [d] based on dissection SN-20-16); C. esmeralda n. sp.: (e) lateral view of genitalic capsule without phallus;(f) posterior view of juxta; (g) lateral view of phallus (e to g) based on dissection SN-20- 14); C. philippa n. comb. & reinst. stat.: (h) lateral view of genitalic capsule with phallus; (i) posterior view of juxta; (j) lateral view of phallus ([h to j] based on dissection SN-20-34); C. castanya n. sp.: (k) lateral view of genitalic capsule without phallus; (l) posterior view of juxta; (m) lateral view of phallus; (n) vesica everted to visualize cornuti ([k to m] based on dissection SN-20-12, [n] based on SN-20-32); C. fida n. comb.: (o) lateral view of genitalic capsule without phallus; (p) posterior view of juxta; (q) lateral view of phallus ([o to q] based on dissection SN-20-40); C. sanmarcos n. comb.: (r) lateral view of genitalic capsule with phallus; (s) posterior view of juxta; (t) lateral view of phallus ([r to t] based on dissection SN-14-149); C. trinitesis n. comb.: (u) lateral view of genitalic capsule without phallus; (v) posterior view of juxta; (w) lateral view of phallus ([u to w] based on dissection SN-20-84). Scale bar = 1 mm. Drawings of C. sanmarcos n. comb. are reproduced from Nakahara et al. (2018a).

Fig. 4. Cisandina n. gen. female genitalia, C. lea n. comb.: (a) dorsal view of genitalia with intersegmental membrane of seventh and eighth abdominal segments folded; illustration showing arrangement of signa below (not to scale); (b) ventral view of lamella antevaginalis with intersegmental membrane of 7th and 8th abdominal segments expanded ([a and b] based on dissection SN-20-53); C. philippa n. comb. & reinst. stat.: (c) dorsal view of genitalia with intersegmental membrane of seventh and eighth abdominal segments expanded; illustration showing arrangement of signa to right (not to scale); (d) ventral view of lamella antevaginalis with intersegmental membrane of seventh and eighth abdominal segments expanded ([c and d] based on dissection SN-20-11); C. castanya n. sp.: (e) dorsal view of genitalia with intersegmental membrane of seventh and eighth abdominal segments folded; (f) ventral view of lamella antevaginalis with intersegmental membrane of seventh and eighth abdominal segments expanded ([e and f] based on dissection SN-20-13); C. fida n. comb.: (g) dorsal view of genitalia with intersegmental membrane of seventh and eighth abdominal segments folded; (h) ventral view of lamella antevaginalis with intersegmental membrane of 7th and 8th abdominal segments expanded ([g and h] based on dissection SN-15-180);C. sanmarcos n. comb.: (i) female genitalia

Fig. 8. Distribution map for Cisandina n. gen. taxa discussed herein.