Rytietia Diškus, Xu & Dai, 2023

Stonis, Jonas R., Diškus, Arūnas, Remeikis, Andrius, Orlovskytė, Svetlana, Solis, Alma, Paulavičiūtė, Brigita, Xu, Jiasheng & Dai, Xiaohua, 2023, Genera of Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera): a review of the global fauna, with descriptions of new taxa, Zootaxa 5333 (1), pp. 1-131 : 65

6. Genus Rytietia Diškus, Xu & Dai , gen. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EABA4920-58D4-477A-A2F6-5B9A00EB1134

( Figs 276–305 )

Type species: Rytietia uncinata Diškus, Xu & Dai , sp. nov. (described below).

Diagnosis. Externally, adults with a distinctive forewing pattern with two colour zones, and a distinctive fringe line ( Figs 276, 277 ).

In the male genitalia, Rytietia mostly resembles Tischeria and Manitischeria . From the latter, Rytietia is distinguishable by the simple valva without a lateral “arm” (process), and absence of a distinctive frame-like thickening of tegumen. From Tischeria the new genus is distinguishable by the long basal process of valva and a slender, rod-like phallus with basal projections laterally. In the female genitalia, Rytietia is characterized by the unique reticulate antrum, as well as elaborate caudal plate and wide processes of transverse prela. See Tabs 2 , 3 for occurrence of these diagnostic characters in other genera of Tischeriidae .

Leaf mines are elongated with a few short, but slender, lateral galleries or wide, blotch-like. Larvae feed on Annonaceae host plants (see Remarks below).

Notes. Molecular data provides good support for the distinctness of this genus; it always clusters separately from Tischeria , however usually as the sister taxon to Tischeria ( Figs 62 , 63 , 67 ).

Adult. Head: frontal tuft overlapping the frons, comprised of long, slender lamellar scales; pecten large, distinctive; collar distinctly paired, comprised of relatively wide lamellar scales. Forewing pattern with a distinctive pattern ( Figs 276, 277, 283 ). Hindwing slender or moderately wide, without androconia.

Male genitalia. Uncus with two large lateral lobes (long and wide basally). Socii membranous, distinctly paired and spinose. Tegumen short, without a distinctive frame-like thickening; diaphragm without spines; pseudognathos absent. Valva simple, wide basally, gradually tapering toward apex; basal process of the valva long. Transtilla and anellus absent. Juxta present, well-developed, wide, comprised of plate-like processes, bifolded distally, weakly demarcated from the phallus. Vinculum long to short, trapezioid but rounded distally. Phallus relatively short, rod-like, with weakly or extremely strongly developed basal projections laterally.

Female genitalia. Ovipositor lobes very large; the gap between ovipositor lobes narrow; second pair of ovipositor lobes three times smaller in comparison to main ovipositor lobes; lateral lobes short. Apophyses robust, heavily thickened; anterior apophyses distinctly shorter than posterior apophyses. Prela with three pairs of rod-like projections: transverse prela long and unusually wide, median prela very slender and long, inner prela slender and long, distally fused with reticulate antrum; caudal sclerite elaborated, well connected with transverse prela, caudally inverted V-shaped, pointed, strongly chitinized. Antrum short but wide, in R. uncinata Diškus, Xu & Dai , sp. nov. distinctly reticulate. Accessory sac small, indistinct; ostium discernable; in R. uncinata sp. nov., ductus spermathecae slender except for relatively wide proximal part, with a few coils and a very small, irregular vesicle. Corpus bursae long and wide, with short spines proximally, near antrum; the main body of corpus bursae without pectinations.

Bionomics. Host plant family is possibly Annonaceae (the genus Fissistigma ; see Remarks below on R. uncinata sp. nov., and R. chongyiensis sp. nov. Larvae mine leaves and produce slender, elongated, or wide blotch-like leaf mines, sometimes with a few short but slender lateral galleries, and with no or scant frass deposited; the nidus is invisible through the epidermis, so dissection of the mine is necessary to study the nidus.

Species diversity and geographical distribution. The genus is known only from East—South East Asia: northern Vietnam and southern China, and comprises two species.

Etymology. The genus name is derived from the Lithuanian word rytietiška (adjective for “of the eastern nature, origin”) with an arbitrarily modified ending, in reference to the region where the genus occurs.

Figures

FIGURE 62. The Maximum Likelihood tree of 11 randomly selected sequences of species representing 11 genera of Tischeriidae (Table 1 + downloaded Paratischeria ferruginea HM244395, Neotischeria neotropicana HM244391, Dishkeya bifurcata LNAUT3265-15, Coptotrichoides serjaniphaga OK017167) based on the 608 bp long mtDNA CO1-5’ sequences). The Kimura 2-parameter model (1.000 replicates) was used to calculate divergence. The best supported and resolved dichotomies are highlighted. The morphological differences of genitalia are shown to the right of the tree

FIGURES 276–283. Adults of Rytietia spp. 276, R. uncinata Diškus, Xu & Dai, sp. nov., general view without abdomen, male holotype; 277, same, with abdomen, female paratype; 278–280, same, details of head, male paratypes (MfN); 281, R. chongyiensis Xu & Dai, sp. nov., right side, male paratype; 282, same, apex of forewing, male paratype; 283, same, general view, female paratype (GNU)

FIGURES 284–288. Male genitalia of Rytietia spp. 284, 285, R. uncinata Diškus, Xu & Dai, sp. nov., northern Vietnam, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD1011, capsule with phallus and juxta removed (MfN); 286, R. chongyiensis Xu & Dai, sp. nov., China, holotype, genitalia slide no. LIU0094, uncus and tegumen (GNU); 287, R. uncinata, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD1011, juxta; 288, same, phallus (MfN)

FIGURES 289–293. Male genitalia of Rytietia spp. 289, R. uncinata Diškus, Xu & Dai, sp. nov., northern Vietnam, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD896, capsule with phallus and juxta removed (a fresh mount in glycerol, not covered with a cover slip); 290, same, phallus and juxta (MfN); 291, R. chongyiensis Xu & Dai, sp. nov., China, holotype, genitalia slide no. LIU0094, juxta, phallus and valva; 292, 293, same, paratype, genitalia slide no. LIU0099, juxta and phallus (GNU)

FIGURES 294–297. Details of female genitalia of Rytietia spp. 294, 296, 297, R. uncinata Diškus, Xu & Dai, sp. nov., northern Vietnam, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD1012 (MfN); 295, R. chongyiensis Xu & Dai, sp. nov., China, paratype, genitalia slide no. LIU0097, apophyses (GNU)

FIGURES 298–305. Bionomics of Rytietia spp. 298, R. uncinata Diškus, Xu & Dai, sp. nov., northern Vietnam, Lao Cai Province, Sapa, at the elevation about 1850 m, habitat; 299, same, host plant (see Remarks); 300–302, same, leaf mines; 303– 305, R. chongyiensis Xu & Dai, sp. nov., China, leaf mines

FIGURES 63, 64. The Maximum Likelihood trees of Tischeriidae based on the 608 bp long mtDNA CO1-5’ sequences. The Kimura 2-parameter model (1.000 replicates) was used to calculate divergence. The best supported and resolved dichotomies are highlighted. 63, using the same (as in the Fig. 62) 11 randomly selected sequences of species representing 11 genera of Tischeriidae; the families of host plants are shown to the right of the tree; 64, same, but omitting Rytietia uncinata sp. nov.; the distribution of species is shown to the right of the tree

FIGURES 66, 67. The Neighbor-Joining tree based of the 608 bp long mtDNA CO1-5’ Tischeriidae sequences. The Kimura 2-parameter model was used to calculate the divergence. 66, using the sequences of Coptotriche, Dishkeya, Rytietia gen. nov., Pafazaria gen. nov., Manitischeria, and Tischeria species; 67, using sequences of genera with a juxta in the male genitalia (Remark: this was also performed applying Maximum Likelihood method and the results were similar)