Panorpa longihypovalva Hua and Cai, 2009

Hua, Bao-Zhen & Cai, Li-Jun, 2009, A new species of the genus Panorpa (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) from China with notes on its biology, Journal of Natural History 43 (9 - 10), pp. 545-552 : 546-551

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222930802610519
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/600B4C31-FF8E-3D12-B11D-1B88FC4AFD87
treatment provided by	Carolina
scientific name	Panorpa longihypovalva Hua and Cai
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Panorpa longihypovalva Hua and Cai View in CoL , sp. nov.

( Figures 1–17 View Figures 1–2 View Figures 3–5 View Figures 6–8 View Figures 9–12 View Figures 13–17 )

Holotype

Male, SHAANXI: Liping Forest Farm (32 ° 45 9 N, 106 ° 35 9 E), 1580m, Nanzheng, Micang Mountain , 12.vi.2005, coll. LJ Cai. GoogleMaps

Paratypes

SHAANXI: 1 „ 5♀♀, Liping National Forest Park (32 ° 48 9 N, 106 ° 34 9 E), 1220–1500m, Nanzheng , 20.v.–18.vi.2005, coll. LJ Cai GoogleMaps ; 2 „„ 10♀♀, Liping Forest Farm, 1480– 1600m, 22.v.–10.vii.2005, coll. LJ Cai ; 7 „„ 10♀♀, Tiejiashu (33 ° 51 9 N, 107 ° 50 9 E), 1560–1800 m, Taibaishan Nature Reserve, Zhouzhi , 18–19.v.2004 GoogleMaps , coll. T Peng and SY Lang; 3 „„, Tiejiashu , 13.v.2007, coll. BZ Hua and LJ Cai ; 1 „, Taibai Mountain , 2100m, 16.vii.2002, coll. W Dai and XN Nie; 1 „ 1♀, Honggou (34 ° 00 9 N, 107 ° 18 9 E), 2068m, 17 km south of Taibai County, 26.vi.2006, coll. XY Hou, JL Tan, and XL Du GoogleMaps ; 1 „ 1♀, Miaotaizi (33 ° 42 9 N, 106 ° 50 9 E), 1400m, Liuba , 8.vi.1998, coll. BZ Hua. GoogleMaps GANSU: 1 „, Shibugou, Shangdan , 13.v.1993 ; 2 „„, Liujiaping, Wenxian , 12.viii.1992, coll. HJ Wang. HUBEI: 1 „ 1♀, Shennongjia , 1500 m, 2.viii.2006, coll. LJ Cai.

Diagnosis

The new species resembles Panorpa obliquifascia Chou and Wang, 1987 from Hunan, China in wing patterns ( Chou et al. 1987), but can be readily recognized by: (1) abdominal segments almost uniformly black except pleura of I–V yellowish; (2) hypandrium very short and hypovalves extraordinarily long and weakly sclerotized, pale in colour; (3) ventral parameres in male genitalia distinctly twisted in L-shape at distal half; (4) dorsal parameres extraordinarily developed with a broad process extending dorsally; (5) aedeagus with ventral valves comprised of three elliptic translucent sclerites and dorsal valves curved ventrally as two bananas in lateral view.

Etymology

The specific name is derived from the Latin, longi - (long), hypo - (below), and valva (valve), referring to the extraordinary length of the hypovalves in male genitalia.

Description

Male. ( Figure 1 View Figures 1–2 ) Vertex blackish brown with three ocelli. Rostrum orange brown. Antennae long, filiform with 45 segments. Thorax black dorsally and pale yellowish white laterally. Legs pale yellowish, each tibia with a pair of apical spurs, claws serrate. Abdominal segments I–V dark black for terga and sterna, and yellowish for pleura with spiracles clearly visible. Tergum III lacking notal organ; tergum VI without anal horn on posterior margin; segments VI–VIII with terga and sterna completely fused together; segment VI almost as long as V and uniformly black. Segments VII–VIII blackish brown, not constricted at basal part; segment VII slightly shorter than VI, and segment VIII only half length of VII ( Figure 3 View Figures 3–5 ).

Wings. Forewings 15.1–17.0mm long and 4.0– 4.2mm wide. Membrane hyaline, slightly tinged with light tan. Forewing with prominent brown markings. Apical band vague, lacking distinct boundary. Pterostigmal band prominent and transversely across wing, with basal branch wide and complete, but distal branch absent. Marginal spot absent. Basal band reduced to a large spot at the end of vein 1A, extending from the posterior margin forward slightly beyond vein CuA. From the spot-like basal band to wing base, a cloudy marking along the base of posterior margin; basal spot absent. Vein R 2 two-branched. The large thyridium at branching point of Media vein. M 4 prominently bending at base. Hind wings similar to forewings in marking pattern, but spot-like basal band much reduced, only present as a round spot on vein CuA and not extending along posterior margin ( Figure 1 View Figures 1–2 ).

Male genitalia. ( Figures 3–8 View Figures 3–5 View Figures 6–8 , 13–16 View Figures 13–17 ) Genital bulb long elliptic, black ( Figure 3 View Figures 3–5 ). Epandrium (ninth tergum) broad at base, narrower towards apex, with a shallow emargination ( Figures 4 View Figures 3–5 , 13 View Figures 13–17 ) in some specimens but almost truncate in other specimens. In dorsal view, a pair of cerci located subapically from side of epandrium. Hypandrium (9th sternum) very short; hypovalves thin at basal part, but markedly thicker for distal two-thirds with seven to eight thick bristles along inner margin. The hypovalves peculiar for their extraordinary length, extending markedly beyond apex of gonocoxites; weakly sclerotized in texture, pale in colour ( Figures 3, 5 View Figures 3–5 , 14 View Figures 13–17 ). Gonocoxites quite long, nearly three times as long as gonostylus, with a mesal process on inner side. Gonostyli broad at basal two thirds, but markedly thinner and in-curved at distal third with a pointed tip, possessing a large wedge-shaped basal lobe covered with uniform long hairs; mesal process showing concave region surrounded by serrate sclerites ( Figure 6 View Figures 6–8 ). Ventral paramere slender with distal half twisted, curved laterally then incurved mesally in L-shaped; basally connected with dorsal parameres. Dorsal paramere abnormally well-developed with a very broad lobe extending dorsad. Aedeagus prominent with ventral valves comprised of three elliptic translucent sclerites in ventral view, and dorsal valves curved ventrally as two bananas in later view ( Figures 7–8 View Figures 6–8 , 15–16 View Figures 13–17 ).

Female. Forewing 16.1–18.0mm long, 4.1–4.5mm wide. Wing patterns similar to those of male, but the apical band much distinct, a round marginal spot located in the distal part of cell r1, the band extending from basal band to wing base along the posterior margin slightly wider; abdomen black except for the yellowish pleura of segments I–IV ( Figure 2 View Figures 1–2 ).

Female genitalia. Subgenital plate broad at base, tapering towards apex with a deep V-shaped emargination at distal margin and a light mid stripe proximally ( Figure 9 View Figures 9–12 ). Internal skeleton very complicated; plate broad at base, twisted dorsally with two pairs of dorsal lobes. Axial portion bifurcated distally, the opening of spermatheca duct located far away from the branching point; anterior apodemes extending beyond internal skeleton by one third ( Figures 10–12 View Figures 9–12 , 17 View Figures 13–17 ).

Biology. The new species completes one generation per year in the Qinling-Bashan Mountains, overwintering as full-grown larvae in soil cells. The adults fly from mid- May to mid-August, usually begin to copulate nearly a week after emergence. Females generally begin to oviposit 4–8 days after copulation. The adults hold wings roof-like over abdomen at rest, quite different from its congeners, e.g. P. nanwutaina Chou, 1981 ( Chou et al. 1981), which keeps wings separate as V-shaped at rest.

Egg. ( Figure 18 View Figures 18–22 ) The eggs are dark gray in colour and long oval in shape, 1.01– 1.23mm long and 0.32–0.53mm wide. The chorion is covered with hexagon networks. The egg stage lasts about 8–12 days, with the egg size expanding over time. Upon hatching, the heavily sclerotized mandibles and compound eyes of larva were visible through chorion.

Larva. ( Figures 19–22 View Figures 18–22 ) The larvae are eruciform with four instars, about 3mm long when newly hatched, and 14mm long when fully grown in 26–30 days. The first instar stadium is about 4 days, the second instar 4–5 days, the third instar 7–8 days, and the fourth instar 13–15 days. The matured larvae make a soil cell for overwintering and pupating, similar to its congeners ( Cai et al. 2006; Yie 1951).

The larval head is prognathous with a pair of prominent compound eyes comprising of about 30 facets. Most larvae come out of egg-shell with the help of their sharp egg burster on the frons when hatching. The three pairs of thoracic legs are four-segmented with apex claw-like. The first eight abdominal segments each bears a pair of unsegmented prolegs. Nine pairs of spiracles are present on the prothorax and the first eight abdominal segments ( Figures 20–22 View Figures 18–22 ). The general body structures and characters of larvae resemble those of its congeners described by Byers (1963), Miyake (1912), Mampe and Neunzig (1965), Yie (1951), Boese (1973), and Cai et al. (2006), except the setae located both on head and body trunk in first instar are like long needles but very soft.

Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Gansu, and Hubei Provinces).