Cervus Linnaeus 1758

Wilson, Don E. & Reeder, DeeAnn, 2005, Order Artiodactyla, Mammal Species of the World: a Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3 rd Edition), Volume 1, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, pp. 637-722 : 662

Cervus Linnaeus 1758

Cervus Linnaeus 1758 , Syst. Nat., 10th ed., Vol. 1: 66 .

Type Species: Cervus elaphus Linnaeus 1758

Species and subspecies: 2 species with 34 subspecies:

Species Cervus elaphus Linnaeus 1758

Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. elaphus Linnaeus 1758

Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. alashanicus Bobrinskii and Flerov 1935

Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. atlanticus Lönnberg 1906

Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. barbarus Bennett 1833

Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. brauneri Charlemagne 1920

Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. canadensis Erxleben 1777

Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. corsicanus Erxleben 1777

Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. hanglu Wagner 1844

Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. hispanicus Hilzheimer 1909

Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. kansuensis Pocock 1912

Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. macneilli Lydekker 1909

Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. maral Gray 1850

Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. nannodes Merriam 1905

Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. pannoniensis Banwell 1997

Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. songaricus Severtzov 1873

Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. wallichii G. Cuvier 1823

Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. xanthopygus Milne-Edwards 1867

Subspecies Cervus elaphus subsp. yarkandensis Blanford 1892

Species Cervus nippon Temminck 1838

Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. nippon Temminck 1838

Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. aplodontus Heude 1884

Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. grassianus Heude 1884

Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. hortulorum Swinhoe 1864

Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. keramae Kuroda 1924

Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. kopschi Swinhoe 1873

Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. mageshimae Kuroda and Okada 1950

Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. mandarinus Milne-Edwards 1871

Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. mantchuricus Swinhoe 1864

Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. pseudaxis Gervais 1841

Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. pulchellus Imaizumi 1970

Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. sichuanicus Guo, Chen and Wang 1978

Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. soloensis Heude 1888

Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. taiouanus Blyth 1860

Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. yakushimae Kuroda and Okada 1950

Subspecies Cervus nippon subsp. yesoensis Heude 1884

Discussion: Formerly included Rusa , Rucervus , and Przewalskium as subgenera, see Groves and Grubb (1987). Van Gelder (1977 b) also included Elaphurus , Axis , Dama and Hyelaphus . Information from various sources suggests that Cervus sensu lato is polyphyletic or paraphyletic. Dendrograms derived from mitochondrial-DNA restriction-site maps suggest that Axis axis and Rucervus duvauceli form a sister-clade to Elaphurus davidianus , Rusa unicolor and Cervus elaphus ( Cronin, 1991) , whereas genetic distances obtained from protein analysis suggested that Axis axis , Dama species and Rusa species formed a sister clade to Elaphurus davidianus , C. elaphus , and C. nippon ( Emerson and Tate, 1993) . Phylogram of Randi et al. (2001) suggests Rucervus eldi and Elaphurus davidianus form a clade whose sister-group includes Rusa and Cervus species.