Erythrina speciosa Lamb. ex Andrews, Bot. Repos. 7: tab. 443. 1807.

Guedes-Oliveira, Ramon, Fortuna-Perez, Ana Paula, Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso & Mansano, Vidal de Freitas, 2023, Erythrina L. (Phaseoleae, Papilionoideae, Leguminosae) of Brazil: an updated nomenclatural treatment with notes on etymology and vernacular names, PhytoKeys 232, pp. 1-43 : 1

8. Erythrina speciosa Lamb. ex Andrews, Bot. Repos. 7: tab. 443. 1807.

Fig. 8

= Erythrina poianthes Brot. ex Tilloch & Taylor, Philos Mag. J. 61: 465. 1823; Brotero, Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 14: 342. 1824. Type: Portugal. "Colitur in Horto Botanico Olisiponensi [Jardim Botânico de Lisboa] ad Aulam Regiam in Ajuda sito, et alibi in Lusitania", ex hort., s.d., s.leg., s.n. (lectotype, designated by Martins and Tozzi 2018, pg. 400: illustration in Brotero 1824, tab. 11). (1)

≡ Erythrina poianthes Brot., Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. 14: 342. 1824, nom. superf. et. illeg.

≡ Stenotropis berteroi Hassk., Retzia 1: 183. 1855.

= Erythrina poianthes var. subinermis Lindl., Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 19: 1617. 1833. Type: England. London: Growing in the stove of his Grace the Duke of Northumberland at Sion, ex hort., s.d., s.leg., s.n. (lectotype, designated by Martins and Tozzi 2018, pg. 400: illustration in Lindley 1833, tab. 1617). (2)

= Erythrina reticulata C.Presl, Symb. Bot. 2: 22. 1834. Type: Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: "in sepibus", ex hort., s.d., s.leg., s.n. (lectotype, designated by Martins and Tozzi 2018, pg. 400: illustration in Presl 1834, tab. 68). (3)

≡ Micropteryx reticulata (C.Presl) Walp., in Duchassaing and Walpers, Linnaea 23(=7): 741. 1851.

≡ Corallodendron reticulatum (C.Presl) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 173. 1891.

= Erythrina speciosa var. rosea N.F.Mattos, Loefgrenia 21: 1. 1967. Type: Brazil. São Paulo: Cultivada no Jardim Botânico de S. Paulo; proc.: Barra de Una, ao norte de Bertioga, na estrada Bertioga - S. Sebastião, ex hort., s.d., Pires s.n. (holotype: SP [SP000991]; isotype: RB [RB00514374!]). (4)

Type material.

England. s.loc., ex hort., s.d., s.leg., s.n. (lectotype, designated by Martins and Tozzi 2018, pg. 400: illustration in Andrews 1807, tab. 443).

Notes.

Andrews (1807) published E. speciosa , a name communicated by Lambert from a cultivated specimen in British greenhouses, with a short description and a well-made illustration of a leaf, inflorescence, and flowers. As Andrews did not mention any type specimen, only citing that the species is "supposed to be a native of South America", Martins and Tozzi (2018) correctly designated his illustration as the lectotype (Fig. 8 ).

(1) Brotero (1824) published E. poianthes from a cultivated specimen in the Jardim Botânico de Lisboa (Portugal), with a complete description and two very detailed illustrations of leaves, inflorescences, and dissected flowers, but without mentioning any type specimen. However, his description was published in the previous year by Tilloch and Taylor (1823) as a resumed version for the Proceedings of Learned Societies. This publication takes place due to the principles of priority as specified in Article 11 of the ICN ( Turland et al. 2018), meaning the name published by Brotero is illegitimate. The name has been treated as a synonym since Krukoff (1938), and Martins and Tozzi (2018) correctly designated one of Brotero’s illustrations as the lectotype. Hasskarl (1855) published Stenotropis berteroi based on E. poianthes by Brotero, but the genus was later synonymized under Erythrina in Engler and Prantl (1894).

(2) Lindley (1833) published the variety E. poianthes var. subnermis , with a short description and a well-made illustration of a leaflet and inflorescence from a cultivated specimen in a greenhouse in London (England). The variety was based solely on the absence of spines and the leafy habit in anthesis, which are characters with well-documented morphological plasticity in the species (Guedes-Oliveira et al. manuscript in preparation). The name was already synonymized under E. speciosa by Krukoff (1938). Lindley did not assign any type specimen, so Martins and Tozzi (2018) correctly designated his illustration as the lectotype for the name.

(3) Presl (1834) published E. reticulata from a specimen in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), with a full description and a detailed illustration of leaves, inflorescence and dissected flowers, but without mentioning any type specimen. The name was already synonymized under E. speciosa by Krukoff (1938), but as he also did not designate any type specimen, Martins and Tozzi (2018) correctly designated Presl illustration as the lectotype. Walpers (1851, not 1850) published Micropteryx mentioning E. reticulata as a synonym of M. reticulata , but the genus was later synonymized into Erythrina in Engler and Prantl (1894). Kuntze (1891) published Corallodendron mentioning E. reticulata as a synonym of C. reticulatum , but the genus was synonymized under Erythrina in Engler and Prantl (1894) as well.

(4) Mattos (1967) published the variety E. speciosa var. rosea from a cultivated specimen in the Jardim Botânico de São Paulo (Brazil), based on the pinkish color of its flowers. The original protologue could not be found online, but the type specimens were seen. As there are no other morphological characters to support this variety besides the corolla’s color, which is a common mutation observed in cultivated specimens of E. speciosa (Guedes-Oliveira et al. manuscript in preparation), the name was already synonymized under E. speciosa by Martins and Tozzi (2018).

Etymology.

The specific epithet " Erythrina speciosa " is derived from Latin, meaning " handsome " or " splendid ", and was presumably given by horticulturists who were amazed by the showy appearance of its flowers when the species was introduced to the United Kingdom.

Vernacular names.

According to Carvalho (2010) and herbarium records, E. speciosa is generally known as “mulungu” in Brazil, and also as “canivete”, “eritrina-anã”, “mulungu-da-várzea”, “mulungu-do-pequeno” or “suinã” (and spelling variations) in the state of Minas Gerais; “facãozinho”, “mulungu-do-litoral”, “suinã” (and spelling variations) or “unha-do-diabo” in Paraná; “bico-de-papagaio”, “candelabro-vermelho”, “corticeira”, “eritrina”, “eritrina-candelabro”, “mulungu-do-litoral”, “suinã” (and spelling variations) or “suinã- Erythrina reticulata " in São Paulo, and “bico-de-papagaio” in Santa Catarina.

Figures

Figure 8. Lectotype of Erythrina speciosa Lamb. ex Andrews (1807: tab. 443), designated by Martins and Tozzi (2018: 400). Source: Missouri Botanical Garden - Peter H. Raven Library via Biodiversity Heritage Library, available at https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 35501082.