Austrogymnocnemia mulesi (New, 1985)

Machado, Renato Jose Pires & Oswald, John David, 2020, Morphological phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the former antlion subtribe Periclystina (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae), Zootaxa 4796 (1), pp. 1-322 : 136-139

Austrogymnocnemia mulesi (New, 1985) , new combination

( Figs. 60 , 63–64 )

http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/ EBF73417-AB36-4A42-977E-24C182CF8F8D

Glenoleon mulesi New, 1985b:47 (OD); New 1996:83 (cat); Stange 2004:105 (cat); Oswald 2018 (cat).

Diagnosis. Tibial spurs present; forewing with numerous brown marks; hind wing without a prominent mark in poststigmal area; mesonotum with broad pale longitudinal lines; pronotal short setae black; female posterior gonapophysis without cavisetae; male paramere almost indistinguishable.

Description. Lengths: forewing: 24–27 mm; hind wing: 21–24 mm. Head ( Figs. 63 a–b): Labrum pale; with a line of elongate setae. Clypeus pale; with few elongate black setae. Frons predominantly pale, except for area between and above antennae, black; covered with few white setae. Gena pale with small black marks. Vertex raised; in anterior view pale, with a median black line interrupted centrally; in dorsal view mostly pale except for two perpendicular median dark lines and two black small spots posterolaterally; set with short black setae. Ocular setae absent. Antennae clubbed; elongate, longer than pronotum; distance between width; scape and pedicel generally pale with dark brown marks, flagellum brown with anterior surface generally lighter than posterior (some specimens apical segments darker); torular membrane pale with brown marks in some specimens; flagellomeres almost as long as wide at base, apical ones much wider than long; all segments set with short black setae. Mandibles mostly pale, with tip black. Palpi, maxillary and labial mostly pale with scattered small dark spots, mainly on the basal segment of each palpi; apical labial palpomere fusiform, palpimacula opening ovalshaped, located medially.

Thorax ( Fig. 63b ): Pronotum about as wide as long; posterior margin as wide as anterior; subapical furrow present; mostly pale except by some dark brown longitudinal bands, a central “Y” shaped, and two sinuous around center (enclosing an pale mark on posterior half), in some specimens the lateral bands are anteriorly connected with the central; beset with short black setae, usually marginal setae longer. Mesonotum with three longitudinal dark brown bands intercalated by two pale bands, in scutum the lateral dark bands have a small rounded pale mark on the base of wings and the pale bands have a thin longitudinal dark line medially; covered with short white or black setae. Metanotum mostly dark brown, except for small pale areas mostly around borders; covered with short white setae. Pterothoracic pleura mostly dark brown with some pale areas particularly on dorsal segments and between segments; set with few white setae; Miller’s organ present.

Wings ( Fig. 63c ): Rather narrow with tip acute. Anterior Banksian line present in both wings, posterior absent. Veins mostly dark brown, but with some veins intercalated with white spots (in hind wing veins mostly white), beset with short black setae. Male pilula axillaris present. Forewing membrane mostly hyaline with brown marks concentrated on tip, inferior margin, pterostigma, and around radial crossveins; mediocubital area entirely brown; pterostigma tip with a small white mark; CuA fork located before or in the same position of RP origin; three or four presectoral crossveins; subcostal veinlets simple; posterior area narrower than prefork area. Hind wing membrane mostly hyaline except for brown marks at rhegmal area, small marks on apical posterior margin, and area around anterior Banksian line; pterostigma apex white; MP fork located just after RP origin; subcostal veinlets simple; one presectoral crossvein.

Legs ( Figs. 63 a–b): All pairs of legs, femur elongate (> 2.5x length of coxa); tibia slightly longer than femur, which is longer than tarsi; tibial spurs long, surpassing T1 apex; T2, T3 and T4 about the same size, T1 slightly longer than T2, T5 longer than T1; claws about half of T5 length; coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia set with short white setae; femur, tibia and tarsi set with short black setae, and scattered longer black setae; T5 ventrally with two rows of thick, long, black setae. Proleg sense hair absent; tibia with antennal cleaning setae ventroapically; coxa dark brown with most part of anterior surface pale, trochanter pale, femur pale on ventral and dorsal surfaces, remaining areas reddish brown, tibia mostly pale with three reddish brown rings; tarsi pale with tips of each tarsomere dark. Mesoleg with same colour pattern of proleg, except for coxa, entirely pale. Metaleg with femur, tibia and T1 slightly longer than in other legs; colour pattern similar to mesoleg, except for tibia pale, with tip and a sub basal ring, reddish brown.

Abdomen: Entirely black (some specimens with scattered pale marks, mainly on sternites medial area). Beset with short white setae.

Male Terminalia ( Figs. 64 a–c): Ectoproct posterior margin rounded in lateral view; set with elongate black setae. 9 th sternite posterior margin straight in ventral view, set with elongate black setae. Gonarcus broad and arched. Mediuncus elongate with tip acute. Paramere elongate in posterior view, weakly sclerotized, almost indistinguishable.

Female Terminalia ( Figs. 64 d–e): Ectoproct posterior margin rounded, covered with thin elongate setae. Lateral gonapophyses rounded, smaller than ectoproct, set with few cavisetae. 7 th sternite distal margin straight in ventral view; covered with long black setae. Pregenital plate small and semi triangular. Posterior gonapophyses broad, elongate, with ventral margin longer apically; covered with long black setae. 9 th tergite with an elongate membranous digitiform process. Anterior gonapophyses absent. Ventral membrane, gonapophyseal plates present.

Distribution ( Fig. 60 ). Australia: NSW*, SA, WA. Known from sparse records across southern Australia.

Adult activity period. Records for August and December to April.

Biology. Unknown, larva unknown.

Name-bearing type. Glenoleon mulesi : Holotype (by original designation), female, MVM, examined. Type locality: Australia, South Australia, Yunta (town). From original description: “ Holotype, ♀, South Australia, Yunta, Feb. 1943, M.W. Mules ( MVM)”. Condition: good, right antennae, right protarsus and both mesolegs missing; terminalia dissected.

Additional material examined (7♂, 10♀). AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Tintinallogy Station : - 31.99947 o– 143.01706 o, 15.i.2010, S. Winterton (1♀, CSCA) ; 37 km E of Wanaaring , 10.ii.1972, at light, R.C. Lewis (1♀, ANIC) ; South Australia: 6 miles W of Iron Knob , 16.iii.1968, I.F.B. Common & M.S. Upton (1♀, ANIC) ; Levi Creek: Big Perry Spring , xii.1974 (1♀, SAMA) ; Yunta : ii.1943, MW Mules (1♀ PT, MVM) ; Western Australia: 85 km N of Agnew , 6.viii.1983, K. & E. Carnaby (1♂, AMSA) ; Comet Vale: 130 km N of Kalgoorlie , MV light, A. Sundholmi & J. Bugeja (1♀, AMSA) ; 160 km E of Kalgoorlie , Trans Australia Railway, 21.i.1991, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; Kalgoorlie : 20.i.1976, K.E. Carnaby (1♀, AMSA) ; Lake Douglas : 12 km SW of Kalgoorlie , 13.i.1989, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; 20.1.1991 (5♂, 1♀, AMSA) 25 km E of Sandstone , 17.i.1989, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA) .

Comments. Austrogymnocnemia mulesi is closely related to A. parviprocta ( Fig. 4 ), but they can be separated based on the colour patterns of the head, wings, legs, and pronotal setae.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Strict consensus tree of morphology-based parsimony analysis of species belonging to the former subtribe Periclystina (ingroup, names in black), and outgroups (names in red). Former Glenoleon species are shown on blue branches, former Austrogymnocnemia species on green branches. Numbers above branches are Bremer support values; numbers below branches are bootstrap values (shown where>50%).

FIGURE 60. Distribution of Austrogymnocnemia species (part).

FIGURE 63. Austrogymnocnemia mulesi: a) head, anterior; b) head and thorax, dorsal; c) wings, dorsal.

FIGURE 64. Austrogymnocnemia mulesi: male: a) terminalia, lateral; b) genitalia, lateral; c) genitalia, posterior; female: d) terminalia, lateral; e) terminalia, ventral. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.