Austrogymnocnemia maculata ( Tillyard, 1916 )

Machado, Renato Jose Pires & Oswald, John David, 2020, Morphological phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the former antlion subtribe Periclystina (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae), Zootaxa 4796 (1), pp. 1-322 : 123-127

Austrogymnocnemia maculata ( Tillyard, 1916)

( Figs. 51 , 56–57 )

Gymnocnemia maculata Tillyard, 1916:57 (OD).

Austrogymnocnemia maculata (Tillyard) : Esben-Petersen 1917:206 (ncb); Esben-Petersen 1923:587 (cit); Stange 1976:302 (cat); New 1985b:16 (key, rd, ill); New 1996:68 (cat); Stange 2004:99 (cat); Oswald 2018 (cat).

Diagnosis. Body mostly pale; pronotum with a continuous, dark, longitudinal line medially; wings with many brown marks; profemur without a series of long white setae; male mediuncus absent.

Description. Lengths: forewing: 18–25 mm; hind wing: 16–23 mm.

Head ( Figs. 56 a–b): Labrum pale; set with a line of elongate setae. Clypeus pale; set with some elongate black setae. Frons mostly pale with two shiny black curved marks on antennae inner margin (marks reduced or absent in few specimens), covered with few short black setae. Gena pale. Vertex raised; in anterior view pale, with two short transverse dark brown marks laterally and a rounded central dark spot; in dorsal view mostly pale with two central perpendicular dark brown lines (transverse line short and curved) and two black marks posterolaterally in some specimens; covered with short black setae, and some white seta posteriorly. Ocular setae absent. Antennae clubbed; elongate, about three times longer than pronotum; distance between antennae wider than scape width; mostly dark brown except for scape and anterior surface of apical flagellomeres pale, in some specimens flagellomeres distal margin pale; torular membrane pale; flagellomeres almost as long as wide at base, apical ones much wider than long; set with short black setae. Mandibles pale, with tip black. Palpi, maxillary and labial mostly pale with apical segments dark, in some specimens the other segments are also dark; apical labial palpomere fusiform, palpimacula opening oval-shaped, located medially.

Thorax ( Fig. 56b ): Pronotum about as wide as long; posterior margin as wide as anterior; subapical furrow present; mostly pale with three dark brown lines as follows: two short lateral ones on posterior area, and a broad medial line enclosing a pale line on anterior half; beset with white setae and some long setae at margins. Mesonotum with prescutum mostly dark brown but corners pale, scutum pale with two longitudinal dark brown lines and a central spot, scutellum pale with medial area dark brown; covered with short white setae. Metanotum with prescutum mostly pale with two lateral dark brown spots, scutum pale with lateral margins and mid area dark brown, scutellum pale with two dark brown lines on mid line; set with few short white setae. Pterothoracic pleura dark brown to grey, sclerites ventral area pale; covered with white setae; Miller’s organ present.

Wings ( Fig. 56c ): Rather narrow with tip acute; anterior and posterior Banksian lines present in both wings; veins mostly white, but some veins intercalated with dark brown spots. Male pilula axillaris present. Forewing membrane mostly hyaline with some brown marks beneath pterostigma, radial crossveins, posterior margin, apex, and tip of prefork area; CuA fork located about same place of RP origin; three presectoral crossveins; subcostal veinlets simple; prefork area wider than posterior area, with many longitudinal crossveins. Hind wing membrane mostly hyaline except for brown marks on rhegmal area, beneath pterostigma, tip of hypostigmatic cell, and apex; MP fork located near RP origin; subcostal veinlets simple; one presectoral crossvein.

Legs ( Figs. 56 a–b): All pairs of legs, femur elongate (> 2x length of coxa); tibia and tarsi about same size, but femur slightly longer than tibia; tibial spurs absent; T3 and T4 about same size, T2 slightly longer than T3, T1 and T5 about same size, but twice longer than T2; claws slightly longer than half of T5 length; coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia set with short white setae, with few long setae at femur base; femur, tibia and tarsi set with short black setae, and scattered long setae at tibia; T5 ventrally with two rows of thick, long, black setae. Proleg sense hair about twice femur width; tibia with antennal cleaning setae ventroapically; coxa pale with irregular dark brown marks, trochanter pale, femur pale with tip dark brown, tibia pale with three dark brown marks on anterior surface; tarsi pale with tip of segments dark brown, mainly in T5. Mesoleg with same colour pattern of proleg, except for femur with anterior surface dark brown, and posterior pale. Metaleg with femur, tibia and T1 slightly longer than in other legs; colour pattern similar to mesoleg, except for tibia pale with a dark brown line on anterior surface.

Abdomen: Mostly dark brown with irregular pale marks, mainly on segments distal margins and near midline in some specimens; covered with short white setae.

Male Terminalia ( Figs. 57 a–c): Ectoproct posterior margin rounded in lateral view, set with elongate black se- tae. 9 th sternite short, with posterior margin straight in ventral view; set with elongate black setae. Gonarcus broad, arched, with anterior margin narrow and curving downwards in lateral view. Mediuncus absent. Paramere broad in lateral view, with an apical hook curving downwards.

Female Terminalia ( Figs. 57 d–e): Ectoproct posterior margin rounded, covered with thin elongate setae. Lateral gonapophyses rounded, much smaller than ectoproct, set with few thickened setae. 7 th sternite small, with distal margin medially extended in ventral view, and with an acute projection on medial region distally; covered with long black setae. Pregenital plate large with a transverse line arched medially, where fits a short sclerotized curved band. Posterior gonapophyses broad, elongate, with tip recurved; covered with long black setae, and with few elongate cavisetae posteroapically. 9 th tergite with an elongate membranous digitiform process. Anterior gonapophyses absent. Ventral membrane gonapophyseal plates present.

Distribution ( Fig. 51 ). Australia: NSW, NT, QLD, SA, VIC, WA; France: New Caledonia *: Anse Vata. Widespread across mainland Australia; common in the southeast. The specimen from Anse Vata was collected in 1962 by G. Gross, who had collected and worked with insects from this country at that time. This is the first record of the Periclystus genus group for New Caledonia, but the distance between this country and Australia suggests that it might be an unnatural introduction. Many of the records treated by New (1985b) were reexamined for this revision, and many were found to be misidentifications of A. pseudomaculata sp. nov.

Adult activity period. Records for September to June.

Biology. Unknown, larva unknown.

Name-bearing type. Gymnocnemia maculata : Holotype (by original designation), female, BMNH, high-resolution images examined. Type locality: Australia, New South Wales, Broken Hill (town). From original description: “Hab.---Broken Hill, N.S.W. Four specimens taken by Mr. O. Lower (undated). Type in Coll. Tillyard”. From New (1985b): “ Holotype, New South Wales, Broken Hill (O. Lower) (left antenna missing) (BMNH). Paratype, 1 ex. (♀), same data (BMNH) (seen)”. From Stange (2004): “ Holotype, Broken Hill, New South Wales, Lower (BMNH!)”. Condition: good; left antenna and right proleg missing.

Paratypes (3♀). The three paratypes are females, with one held in the BMNH and two in the ANIC; they all bear blue paratype labels, and were all examined here.

Additional material examined (137♂, 211♀, 2?). AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Barrier Range : 10.i.1986 (1♀, AMSA) ; Bourke : x.1967 (1♀, ANIC) ; Brewarrina : iii.1919 (1♂, ANIC) ; Broken Hill : ii.1925, Frai- yer (1♂, AMSA) ; Coll. Lower (2♀ PT, ANIC) ; ix.1949 (2♀, ANIC) ; ii.1913 (1♀, ANIC) ; i.1964 (1♂, 3♀, SAMA) ; 26.ii.1976 (1♂, MVM) ; near race track , 31.96445 oS– 141.41817 oE ± 70m, 280m, 2.i.2013, M.V., Oswald, Diehl & Machado, Oswald #625 (13♂, 23♀, TAMU) ; Duckshot Station : i.1968 (6♂, 4♀, SAMA) ; Fawlers’ Gap : 30.i.1980, M. Graham (1♀, AMSA) ; 4.ii.1980, A. Smith (1♀, AMSA) ; 4.xii.1981, J. Brahl (1♂, 1♀, AMSA) Kinchega Natu- ral Park: 7 air km WSSW of Menindee , 32.44396 oS– 142.37947 oE ± 100m, 60m, 1.i.2013, M.V., Oswald, Diehl & Machado, Oswald #624 (2♂, TAMU) ; Lake Mungo : ii.1998 (3♂, ANIC) ; Menindee Lakes : x.1973 (3♀, SAMA) ; Papepapinbilla Creek : 70 km ENE of Wilcannia, 30.xii.1988, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, 1♀, AMSA) ; Silverton : ii.1964 (1♀, SAMA) ; Stephens Creek : approx. 24 km ENE of Broken Hill, 27.i.1976, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (7♂, 6♀, AMSA) ; Tiboburra : xi.1949 (3♂, 3♀, ANIC) ; 8.i.1994, M.H. Dunn (1♀, AMSA) ; ix.1949 (1♀, ANIC) ; Trangie : xi.1982 (1♂, ANIC) ; Yanga State Conservation Area: Willows campground, 22.6 air km SESE Balranald , 70m, 34.76051 oS– 143.76152 oE ± 100m, 11.xii.2012, M.V., Oswald, Diehl & Machado, Oswald #599 (2♂, 1♀, TAMU) ; 30 km NNW of Wentworth , 1.i.1989, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, 1♀, AMSA) ; Willandra Bridge : xii.1970 (1♀, ANIC) ; Wilcannia : xi.1949 (2♀, ANIC) ; i.1970 (1♂, MVM) ; Wittabrenna Creek : xi.1971 (1♂, 1♀, ANIC) ; Northern Territory: Alice Springs : ii.1966 (1♂, 1♀, ANIC) ; Kings Canyon: ( Au 12), 19.ix.2005, R. Miller & L. Stange (1♀, FSCA) ; Austral Downs : xi.1961 (1♂, TAMU, 1♀, FSCA) ; Queensland: Bettota : x.1936, S. Mann (2♀, QMBA) ; xi.1931 (1♀, QMBA) ; Bransby : iv.1966 (3♂, ANIC) ; Boulia : x.1978 (1♀, ANIC) ; Cacoory Ruins : v.1993 (1♀, QMBA) ; Carnarvon Range : iii.1944, N. Geary (1♂, AMSA) ; Cunnamulla : i.1941 (2♂, QMBA) ; Durham Downs : xi.1949 (1♀, ANIC, 1♀, FSCA) ; Hamilton Hotel : x.1972 (3♂, ANIC) ; 45 km ESE of Hungerford , 15.xi.1971, R.C. Lewis (5♂, 5♀, ANIC) ; Nockatunga : xi.1949 (3♀, ANIC, 1♂ FSCA) ; Noccundra : iii.1965 (1♂, 1♀, ANIC) ; Old Bundeena : xi.1971 (2♀, ANIC) ; South Australia: Arkaba Creek: 26 air km ENNE Hawker , 390m, 31.68717 oS– 138.57257 oE ± 70m, 31.xii.2012, M.V., Oswald, Diehl & Machado, Oswald #623 (2♀, TAMU) ; Big Perry Spring : xii.1974 (1♂, SAMA) ; Billa Kalina : xii.1974 (3♂, 1♀, SAMA) ; Birchmore Lagoon: 15mi from Kingscote , Kanga- roo Island, E. Troughton (1♀, AMSA) ; Bucharinga Gorge : xii.1985 (1♂, ANIC) ; Cardillo Downs Station : ix.1995 (1♀, SAMA) ; Cooper Crossing : xi.1955 (1♂, 1♀, SAMA) ; Coward Spring : xi.1966 (1♂, 3♀, SAMA) ; Cullyamurra Waterhole : x.1991 (1♀, SAMA) ; Cungena: near Landfill , 100m, 32.58559 oS– 134.72105 oE ± 50m, 30.xii.2012, M.V., Oswald, Diehl & Machado, Oswald #622 (1♀, TAMU) ; El Alamein : ii.1964 (1♂, 2♀, SAMA) ; Farina Creek : ii.1966 (1♂, 2♀, SAMA) ; Hammond : 3.iii.1909, V.H. Mircham (1♂, AMSA) ; Innamincka : x.1987 (1♀, SAMA) ; Innamincka Cooper Creek : 24.i.1976, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (2♂, 1♀, AMSA) ; Kalamurina : xii.1964 (1♂, SAMA) ; White Bull Yard , x.1999 (1♀, SAMA) ; Konamore : xii.2000 (1♀, SAMA) ; Lake Eire : ii.1965 (6♂, 3♀, SAMA) ; xi.1966 (1♀, SAMA) ; Lake Lettie Bore : ii.1966 (1♂, 1♀, SAMA) ; Leigh Creek : 3.iii.1967, G.C. Gregory (20♂, 27♀, ANIC) ; i.1965 (1♂, 3♀, SAMA) ; x.1965 (1♀, SAMA) ; xi.1965 (1♀, SAMA) ; xii.1965 (1♂, 3♀, SAMA) ; xi.1969 (2♂, 1♀, SAMA) ; Loxton : ii.1953 (1♀, SAMA) ; Marree : xii.1964 (1♂, 1♀, SAMA) ; Minnie Downs : (1♂, SAMA) ; Moomba Gas Field : approx., 28 o 26’S– 140 o 11’E, 23.i.1976, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; Mount Barr : ix.1972 (3♀, ANIC) ; Moralana Creek : 40 km NNW of Hawker, 26.i.1976, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; Mount James : xi.1950 (1♀, SAMA) ; Mount Serle : i.1965 (1♀, SAMA) ; Mudla Bore : xii.1972 (1♀, SAMA) ; Mu- loorina Homestead : iii.1965 (10♂, 19♀, SAMA) ; Mundowdna Station : ii.1956 (1♀, SAMA) ; New Kalamurina Sta- tion: iii.1972 (1♂, 2♀, SAMA) ; Pinkawillinia District : x.1989; A. Sundholmi & J. Bugeja (1♀, AMSA) ; Prescott : ii.1965 (2♂, 1♀, SAMA) ; Rev. A. P. Burgess: (1♂, 3♀, SAMA) ; Singer Dam : iii.2003 (1♀, SAMA) ; Tingatin- gana Crossing: Strzelecki Creek , approx., 28 o 48’S– 140 o 10’E, 25.i.1976, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (2♀, AMSA) ; Yel- pawaralinna: ix.1993 (1♂, SAMA) ; Yunta : i.1943 (2♂, 2♀, 2?, MVM) ; ii.1943 (1♂, 4♀, MVM) ; White Bull Yard: Kalamurina Station x.1999 (2♀, SAMA) ; William Creek : xii.1974 (1♀, SAMA) ; Victoria: Corbram : i.1944 (1♀, MVM) ; Kewell : (1♂, MVM) ; Kyabram : ii.1947 (1♀, MVM) ; Malle : 2.ii.1914 (2♀, MVM) ; Mildura : ix.1937 (1♂, MVM) ; Western Australia: Carnarvon : 24.ii.1977, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, 1♀, AMSA) ; 4.xii.1970 (2♀, MVM) ; 25.ii.1977 (1♂, 1♀, AMSA) ; 26.ii.1977 (1♂, 1♀, AMSA) ; iii.1978 (2♀, QMBA) ; Kalgoorlie : 18.vi.1986, A.J. Graham (1♀, AMSA) ; 15.i.1989 (1♀, AMSA) ; 12.i.1989, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; 13.i.1989 (1♀, AMSA) ; Meekathurra : 5.iii.1994, L. Stange (1♀, FSCA) ; Roebourne : iii.1914 (2♀, ANIC) ; Woogan Hills : N of Northam 20.i.1989, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, 1♀, AMSA) ; NEW CALEDONIA: South Province: Anse Vata : 18–20.ix.1962, GF Gross (1♂, SAMA) .

Comments. Austrogymnocnemia maculata is easily distinguished from its congeners by its body colour pattern and wings marks. See also comments for A. pseudomaculata sp. nov. For phylogenetic relationships see Fig. 4 .

Figures

FIGURE 4. Strict consensus tree of morphology-based parsimony analysis of species belonging to the former subtribe Periclystina (ingroup, names in black), and outgroups (names in red). Former Glenoleon species are shown on blue branches, former Austrogymnocnemia species on green branches. Numbers above branches are Bremer support values; numbers below branches are bootstrap values (shown where>50%).

FIGURE 51. Distribution of Austrogymnocnemia species (part).

FIGURE 56. Austrogymnocnemia maculata: a) head, anterior; b) head and thorax, dorsal; c) wings, dorsal.

FIGURE 57. Austrogymnocnemia maculata: male: a) terminalia, lateral; b) genitalia, lateral; c) genitalia, posterior; female: d) terminalia, lateral; e) 7th sternite and pregenital plate, ventral. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.