Austrogymnocnemia conspersa ( Banks, 1918 ) Machado & Oswald, 2020

Machado, Renato Jose Pires & Oswald, John David, 2020, Morphological phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the former antlion subtribe Periclystina (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae), Zootaxa 4796 (1), pp. 1-322 : 97-102

Austrogymnocnemia conspersa ( Banks, 1918) , new combination

( Figs. 40–42 )

http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/ 3E03BB7A-FBC1-46E2-8C00-4069972E5C4F

Glenoleon conspersus [as G. conspersum ] Banks, 1918:11 (OD); New 1985b:34 (key, rd, ill); New 1996:81 (cat); Stange 2004:103 (cat); Oswald 2018 (cat).

Glenoleon franzeni Esben-Petersen, 1926:72 (OD); Stange 1976:305 (cat); New 1985b:34 (syn); New 1996:81 (cat); Stange 2004:103 (cat); Oswald 2018 (cat).

Diagnosis. Forewing broad, without a continuous longitudinal brown line; hind wing with a spot in the poststigmal area; protibia longer than protarsus; pronotum mostly black with pale marks; tibial spurs long; female posterior gonapophysis with cavisetae; male 9 th sternite straight.

Description. Lengths: forewing: 28–33 mm; hind wing: 26–30 mm.

Head ( Figs. 40 a–b): Labrum pale; with a line of elongate setae. Clypeus pale; with few elongate black setae. Frons predominantly black, except for ventrolateral corners pale; beset with short black setae. Gena pale. Vertex raised; in anterior view pale, with two lateral short transverse black lines and a medial dark spot; in dorsal view pale except for two black perpendicular central lines and two large rounded lateral marks on posterior border, covered with short black setae. Ocular setae absent. Antennae clubbed; elongate, about three times longer than pronotum; distance between antennae wider than scape width; all segments dark-brown to black, but in some specimens basal flagellomeres with a distal pale ring; torular membrane pale; flagellomeres almost as long as wide at base, apical ones much wider than long; all segments set with short black setae. Mandibles pale, with tip black. Palpi, maxillary and labial mostly pale but with few dark brown marks, mainly at basal and apical segments, apical labial palpomere fusiform, palpimacula opening oval-shaped, located medially.

Thorax ( Fig. 40b ): Pronotum about as long as wide; posterior margin as wide as anterior; subapical furrow present; mostly black with some pale areas: a thin longitudinal line medially (sometimes present only on anterior area), two broader longitudinal lines near center and other two shorter longitudinal lines laterally; covered with short black setae and some long black setae on margins and medially. Mesonotum colouration mostly black, with some pale areas: two rounded spots on prescutum, two longitudinal lines on each side of scutum, and two lateral marks on scutellum, in some specimens there is a thin longitudinal line medially; covered with short black setae, and some elongate setae on prescutum. Metanotum usually black with two longitudinal pale lines near central area, in some specimens there is a thin longitudinal pale line medially; set with few short black setae. Pterothoracic pleura black covered with white setae; Miller’s organ present.

Wings ( Fig. 40c ): Fairly broad; anterior Banksian line present in both wings, posterior weakly distinguishable in forewing but absent in hind wing; veins brown, but many intercalated with pale spots, beset with short black setae. Male pilula axillaris present. Forewing membrane hyaline but with many brown marks generally as follows: apex, posterior margin, around crossveins, and some larger brown marks at mediocubital and subcostal areas, around gradate crossveins and pterostigma; CuA fork located near RP origin; three presectoral crossveins, connected by veinlets in some specimens; subcostal veinlets mostly simple, but few distal ones are forked; posterior area smaller than prefork area. Hind wing membrane mostly hyaline except for a subapical broad longitudinal brown line and a dorsal brown spot on apex; MP fork located between RP origin and first fork; subcostal veinlets simple; one presectoral crossvein with a medial spur.

Legs ( Figs. 40 a–b): All pairs of legs, femur elongate (> 2.5x length of coxa); femur slightly longer than tibia; tibia longer than tarsi; tibial spurs reaching T1 apex; T2, T3 and T4 about same size, T1 about twice as long as T2, T5 longer than T1; claws longer than half of T5 length; coxa, trochanter, and femur set with short white setae; femur, tibia and tarsi set with short black setae, and scattered long black setae; T5 ventrally with two rows of thick, long, black setae. Proleg sense hair present, about twice longer than femur width; tibia with antennal cleaning setae ventroapically; coxa black with internal margin pale, trochanter pale, femur dark brown (internal margin lighter in some specimens); tibia dark brown with three pale rings; tarsi dark brown, except for T1 pale. Mesoleg similar to proleg except for femur base, pale. Metaleg with femur and tibia slightly longer than in other legs; colour pattern similar to anterior legs, except for tibia pale tip dark brown, and T2 pale.

Abdomen: Sternites with medial area pale with scattered brown lines, but lateral areas brown. Tergites mostly dark brown with four pale marks near center (some specimens with pale areas reduced and segments almost entirely dark brown). Basal segments beset with short white setae, distal ones covered with short black setae.

Male Terminalia ( Figs. 41 a–d): Ectoproct posterior margin rounded in lateral view, set with elongate black setae. 9 th sternite short, with posterior margin corners and medial area rounded in ventral view; covered with elongate black setae. Gonarcus arched with posterior area broad and anterior margin acute in lateral view. Mediuncus short with tip more sclerotized and broader than base. Paramere broad, with ventral and anterior margin curved in lateral view, in posterior view with internal margin more sclerotized.

Female Terminalia ( Figs. 41 e–f): Ectoproct posterior margin rounded covered with thin elongate setae. Lateral gonapophyses small, rounded, beset with cavisetae. 7 th sternite distal margin straight, covered with long black setae. Pregenital plate large, in ventral view with posterior margin straight and long, with two lateral expansions medially, and with a medial acute extension on anterior half; set with few short setae. Posterior gonapophyses elongate, with tip slightly enlarged, covered with many long black setae, and some elongate cavisetae on apex. 9 th tergite with ventral margin covered with long setae, and with a long membranous digitiform process distally. Anterior gonapophyses reduced to a small rounded plate covered with short setae. Ventral membrane gonapophyseal plates present.

Distribution ( Fig. 42 ). Australia: NSW*, NT, QLD, WA. Known from scattered records in northeastern Australia, with outliers in western Western Australia.

Adult activity period. Records for October to March, and June.

Biology. Unknown, larva unknown.

Name-bearing types. Glenoleon conspersus : Holotype (by monotypy), female, ANIC, examined. Type locality: Australia, Queensland, Herberton (town). From original description: “Type—M. C. Z. 10,067. Queensland: Herbeton, 11 February. F. P. Dodd. One specimen”. From New (1985b): “ Holotype, ♀, of Glenoleon conspersum Banks , Queensland, Herberton, 11 Feb., F. P. Dodd (MCZ 10067 now ANIC)”. Condition: good; terminalia dissected.

Glenoleon franzeni : Lectotype (by present designation), male, ZMUC, examined. Type locality: Australia, Queensland, Brisbane (town). From original description: “Brisbane, 1926 (L. Franzen leg.). (Type one male and one female in Coll. Franzen one female in the author's collection.)”. From New (1985b): “‘Cotype’, ♀, of Glenoleon franzeni Esben-Petersen , Queensland, Brisbane 1926, L. Franzen (Copenhagen)”. The single male specimen cited in the original description is designated here as the lectotype; the two female specimens become paralectotypes . Lectotype condition: good.

Additional material examined (17♂, 34♀). AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Banyabba Nature Reserve: near Cooldale , 8.i.1971, R. Hardie (3♀, ANIC) ; Queensland: Archer Creek: rest area near Ravenshoe , 17 o 38’53’’S– 145 o 20’46’’E, 13.i.2004, M.S. Moulds & S. Cowan (1♂, AMSA) ; Biggenden : iii.1931 (1♀, ANIC) ; Bluff Range : i.1972 (1♀, ANIC) ; Brisbane : (4♂, 8♀, QMBA) ; 24.x.1926, L.F./ Glenoleon franzeni Esben-Petersen, Coll. M.L. Franzen (1♂, AMSA) ; 12.xi.1926, L.F. (1♀, AMSA) ; 8.i.1927 (1♀, QMBA) ; 26.ii.1927 / Glenoleon conspersum det. Esben-Petersen (2♀, ZMUC) ; ii.1931 (1♂, ANIC) ; Bucasia : i.2003 (1♂, ANIC) ; Cape York: Damel / Glenoleon falsus (1♀, ZMHB) ; Clermont : 7.ii.1981, M.S. Moulds & B.J. Moulds / Glenoleon conspersum det. T.R. New 1982 (2♂, 2♀, AMSA) ; Edungalba: near Duaringa , 22.i.1982, M.S. Moulds & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA) ; Eungella : 6.xi.1992 (1♀, QMBA) ; Ma Ma Creek : i.1965, A. Macqueen / Glenoleon conspersum det. TR New (1♀, QMBA) ; Mareeba : 25.i.1960 (1♀, QMBA) ; Mount Carbine : i.1993 (1♂, ANIC) ; 13 km NW of Mount Isa , 357m, 20 o 34’9’’S– 139 o 29’1’’E, 16.i.2004, M.S. Moulds & S. Cowan (1♀, AMSA) ; Mount Petrie : ii.1918, A.E. Show (1♀, ANIC) ; Normanby River Crossing: 15:17S–144:50E, 2.i.1994, M.S. Moulds & B.J. Moulds (3♀, AMSA) ; 5 km E of Normanby River, on Battle Camp Road NW of Cooktown , 15 o 17’S– 144 o 52’E, 6.vi.1997, J & A Skevington (1♀, QMBA) ; Townsville : xii.1967 (1♂, ANIC) ; 12.ii.1948 (1♂, MVM) ; Yeppoon : 29.xi.1965 (1♂, ANIC) ; Western Australia: Millstream: Pilbara , 7.ii.1991, D.A.L. Davies (1♀, BMNH) ; Tom Price Road: 15 km North along, 150m East of Tom Price Rd. , - 22.6736S– 117.7725E, 17.ii. 2005, 710m, light trap on slope of small hill above dry creek bed dominated by Acacia, M. Bulbert & S.G. Ginn (1♀, AMSA) ; Wittenoon : 4.iii.1994, L. Stange (2♂, 2♀, FSCA) . One specimen with label New Holland (1♀, ZMHB) .

Comments. The synonymy of Glenoleon franzeni with A. conspersa , proposed by New (1985b), was confirmed here. Two of the three specimens cited in the original description of G. franzeni were seen in this study, and as mentioned by New (1985b) they are almost identical to the A. conspersa holotype. The similarity between these two species was also noticed by Esben-Petersen, who actually added identification labels of G. conspersa to some of his specimens previously identified as G. franzeni . Within Austrogymnocnemia , A. conspersa is sister to A. dissoluta ( Fig. 4 ). The species are very similar, but can be separated by a few constant characters, all of which are mentioned in the key.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Strict consensus tree of morphology-based parsimony analysis of species belonging to the former subtribe Periclystina (ingroup, names in black), and outgroups (names in red). Former Glenoleon species are shown on blue branches, former Austrogymnocnemia species on green branches. Numbers above branches are Bremer support values; numbers below branches are bootstrap values (shown where>50%).

FIGURE 40. Austrogymnocnemia conspersa: a) head, anterior; b) head and thorax, dorsal; c) wings, dorsal.

FIGURE 41. Austrogymnocnemia conspersa: male: a) terminalia, lateral; b) 9th sternite, ventral; c) genitalia, posterior; d) genitalia, lateral; female: e) terminalia, lateral; f) 7th sternite and pregenital plate, ventral. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 42. Distribution of Austrogymnocnemia species (part).