Austrogymnocnemia bipunctata ( Esben-Petersen, 1915 )

Machado, Renato Jose Pires & Oswald, John David, 2020, Morphological phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the former antlion subtribe Periclystina (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae), Zootaxa 4796 (1), pp. 1-322 : 83-90

Austrogymnocnemia bipunctata ( Esben-Petersen, 1915)

( Figs. 33–35 )

Gymnocnemia bipunctata Esben-Petersen, 1915:63 (OD).

Austrogymnocnemia bipunctata (Esben-Petersen) : Esben-Petersen 1917:206 (ncb); Esben-Petersen 1918:8 (cit); Esben-Petersen 1923:580 (cit); Stange 1976:302 (cat); New 1985b:12 (key, rd, ill); New 1996:67 (cat); Stange 2004:98 (cat); Oswald 2018 (cat); Winterton et al. 2018 (tree); Machado et al. 2019 (tree).

Austrogymnocnemia australis Esben-Petersen, 1923:579 (OD); Stange 1976:302 (cat); New 1985b:12 (syn); New 1996:67 (cat); Stange 2004:98 (cat); Oswald 2018 (cat).

Diagnosis. Body mostly dark; forewing with numerous brown marks; hind wing rhegmal area with a brown infuscation; profemur with a series of long white setae on dorsal surface.

Description. Lengths: forewing: 19–30 mm; hind wing: 17–26 mm.

Head ( Figs. 33 a–b): Labrum pale to brown; set with a line of elongate setae. Clypeus pale to brown; set with few elongate black setae. Frons predominantly shiny black, except for pale ventral corners (some specimens whole ventral margin pale); set with white setae. Gena pale. Vertex raised with lateral corners straight; in anterior view pale with two short transverse dark brown marks laterally and a rounded central dark spot; in dorsal view mostly pale with two central perpendicular dark brown lines and two black marks posterolaterally; covered with short black setae. Ocular setae absent. Antennae clubbed; elongate,> 3x length of pronotum; distance between antennae wider than scape width; scape mostly pale with basal margin dark brown in some specimens, but almost entirely dark brown in others, pedicel pale in most specimens but sometimes dark brown, flagellomeres dark brown but distal margin pale, some specimens with basal flagellomeres entirely pale, mainly on anterior surface; torular membrane pale; flagellomeres almost as long as wide at base, apical ones much wider than long; all segments set with short black setae. Mandibles pale, with tip black. Palpi, maxillary and labial mostly pale with scattered small dark spots, mainly on apical segments; apical labial palpomere fusiform, palpimacula opening oval-shaped, located medially.

Thorax ( Fig. 33b ): Pronotum about as wide as long; posterior margin as wide as anterior; subapical furrow present; mostly dark brown except for some pale areas as follows: a thin central line, four sinuous marks on posterior half, two on anterior (some specimens pale areas larger and sometimes fused); beset with few short black setae and long white setae on borders. Mesonotum colouration mostly dark brown with pale areas as follows: two lateral rounded spots on prescutum, two small longitudinal lines near midline, two rounded spots near wing base on scutum, a medial line and two rounded lateral spots on scutellum; covered with short black setae, and few white setae (some specimens with pale areas larger and sometimes fused). Metanotum mostly dark brown, except by irregular pale areas mostly around midline, covered with few short white setae and some black setae posteriorly. Pterotho- racic pleura dark brown with irregular pale marks between sclerites; covered with many long white setae; Miller’s organ present.

Wings ( Fig. 33c ): Rather narrow with tip acute; anterior and posterior Banksian lines present in both wings; veins mostly dark brown, but some veins intercalated with white spots, beset with short black setae. Male pilula axillaris present. Forewing membrane mostly hyaline with small brown marks concentrated at tip, posterior margin, around crossveins, and some larger areas mainly at pterostigma, mediocubital area, and gradate crossveins; tip of pterostigma white; CuA fork located near RP origin; subcostal veinlets simple, but few distal ones forked; most specimens with costal area large with basal veinlets sinuous; prefork area wider than posterior area, with many longitudinal crossveins. Hind wing membrane mostly hyaline except by a large brown infuscations on rhegmal area, and small marks at pterostigma and posterior margin; MP fork located near RP origin; subcostal veinlets simple; one presectoral crossvein.

Legs ( Figs. 33 a–b): All pairs of legs, femur elongate (> 2x length coxa); tibia, femur and tarsi about same size; tibial spurs absent, but some specimens with a unique very short spur particularly on metalegs; T3 and T4 about same size, T2 slightly longer than T3, T1 and T5 about same size, but twice longer than T2; claws about half of T5 length; coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia set with white setae, mainly at femur (setae longer and more numerous); femur, tibia and tarsi set with black setae, and scattered long black setae, mainly at femur apex; T5 ventrally with two rows of thick, long, black setae. Proleg sense hair slightly longer than femur width; tibia with antennal cleaning setae ventroapically; coxa, trochanter and femur with external surface dark brown but internal pale, in some specimens with irregular pale areas on external surface, tibia pale with three dark brown rings on external surface; tarsi mostly pale with tip dark brown, mainly T5 (some specimens T2–T4 entirely dark brown). Mesoleg with colour pattern similar to proleg, except for tibia dark brown with three pale rings and tarsi usually darker than other legs. Metaleg with femur and tibia slightly longer than in other legs; colour pattern similar to anterior legs, except for tibia pale with tip and internal surface midline dark brown.

Abdomen: Mostly black with scattered pale marks, mainly on sternites medial areas and tergites distal margins. Beset with short white setae.

Male Terminalia ( Figs. 34 a–d): Ectoproct posterior margin rounded in lateral view, set with elongate black setae. 9 th sternite short, with posterior margin straight in ventral view; set with elongate black setae. Gonarcus broad, arched, with anterior margin narrow and curving downwards in lateral view. Mediuncus absent. Paramere broad in lateral view, with an apical hook curving downwards.

Female Terminalia ( Figs. 34 e–f): Ectoproct posterior margin rounded, covered with thin elongate setae. Lateral gonapophyses rounded, much smaller than ectoproct, with few thickened setae. 7 th sternite small, with distal margin medially extended in ventral view; covered with black setae. Pregenital plate broad, with shape similar to a T-shirt with collar region more sclerotized in ventral view. Posterior gonapophyses broad, long, with tip recurved; covered with long black setae, and with few cavisetae posteroapically. 9 th tergite with a long membranous digitiform process. Anterior gonapophyses absent. Ventral membrane gonapophyseal plates present.

Distribution ( Fig. 35 ). Australia: NSW, NT, QLD, SA, VIC, WA. Widespread and common across mainland Australia.

Adult activity period. Records for July to June (all months of the year); most records between October and March.

Biology. Unknown, larva unknown.

Name-bearing types. Gymnocnemia bipunctata : Holotype (by original designation), male, ANIC, examined. Type locality: Australia, New South Wales, Narromine (town). From original description: “Narromine, N. S. W.; two specimens, 14.x.1905 (W. W. Froggatt leg.); Broken Hill, N. S. W.; one specimen. / Type in Coll. Froggatt; cotype in Coll. Tillyard ”. From New (1985): “ Holotype of Gymnocnemia bipunctata Esben-Petersen , New South Wales, Narromine, 14.x.1905 (Froggatt) ( ANIC) (seen). Abdomen broken and reglued in 3 places, antennae missing”. Condition: as mentioned by New (1985b).

Austrogymnocnemia australis : Lectotype (by present designation), female, ANIC, examined. Type locality: Australia, New South Wales, Hay (town). From original description: “One ♀, Hay, N. S. Wales, 20.1.1916 (W. W. Froggatt leg.). Coll. Froggatt. One ♀, N. W. Australia (Dr. E. Mjöberg leg.). Stockholm Museum”. From New (1985b): “ Holotype, ♀, of Austrogymnocnemia australis , New South Wales, Hay, 20.i.1916 (Froggatt) (ANIC) (seen). Now very mouldy, antennae missing”. From Stange (2004): “ Syntype female, Hay, New South Wales, 20.I.1916 (ANIC!); syntype female, N.W. Australia, Mjöberg (NHRS)”.

In the original description Esben-Petersen explicitly indicated that the type series consisted of two female specimens; neither specimen was fixed as the holotype. The two specimens are currently deposited in the ANIC and NHRS. New’s (1985b) citation of the specimen in the ANIC as the ‘holotype’ is incorrect. Furthermore, New’s ‘holotype’ citation does not qualify as a lectotype designation under either Art. 74.5 or 74.6 of the Code—because the second specimen of the type series is not mentioned in New’s work, there is no explicit indication that an intentional act of selection was being made among the multiple syntypes. However, in order to fix the primary type of this species in accordance with existing usage we hereby designate the ANIC specimen as the lectotype of A. australis , by which action the NHRS specimen becomes a paralectotype. The lectotype bears two large red type labels, and its condition is as described by New.

Additional material examined (236♂, 340♀, 12?). AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Adam’s Scrub : 14.6 km S of Warialda, - 29.667S– 150.567E, 18.xi. 2009, 385m, Callitris /schleorphyll forest, D.R. Britton & J. Recsei (1♂, AMSA) ; Barrier Range : 10.i.1986 (3♀, AMSA) ; Baradine Road and Newell Highway junction: 30 o 56’S– 149 o 25’E, 11.xii.1987, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; Brewarrina : (1♀, ANIC) ; Broken Hill : near race track , 280m, 31.96445 oS– 141.41817 oE ± 70m, 2.i.2013, M.V., Oswald, Diehl & Machado, Oswald #625 (1♂, 5♀, TAMU) ; ii.1925, F.W. Shepherd (2♂, AMSA) ; iii.1963 (3♀, SAMA) ; Calumet : 26mi NE of Binnaway, 28.xii.1931, C.F. Garnsey (1♀, AMSA) ; 65 km W of Cobar , 28.i.1976, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; Deriah Aboriginal Area: 20.9 km E of Narrabri, stand of Ooline - 30.367S– 149.992E, 11.xi. 2009, 335m, D.R. Britton & J. Recsei (2♀, AMSA) ; Fowler’s Gap : 17.i.1980, A. Smith (1♂, AMSA) ; Gol Gol State Forest : 25 km E of Mildura, 2.i.1989, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (2♂, 1♀, AMSA) ; Kinchega National Park: 7 air km WSSW Menindee , 32.44396 oS– 142.37947 oE ± 100m, 60m, 1.i.2013, M.V., Oswald, Diehl & Machado, Oswald #624 (1♂, 4♀, TAMU) ; Lake Mun- go: ii.1998 (2♀, ANIC) ; 30 km S of Lightning Ridge , 27.xii.1988, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; Medindee Lakes : xii.1973 (2♂, SAMA) ; 8 km S of Mendooran , 31 o 53’S– 149 o 03’E, 11.ii.1992 (1♂, QMBA) ; Moema Na- tional Park : 36.5 km NE of Narrabri, - 30.064S– 149.965E, 13.xi.2009, Semi evergreen vine thicket, black light bucket, D.R. Britton & J. Recsei (1♂, AMSA) ; Mogriguy : 20.i.1979 (1♀, AMSA) ; Nombinnie Nature Reserve: 18 air km SSE Mount Hope , 160m, 32.99613 oS– 145.94006 oE ± 70m, 3.i.2013, M.V., Oswald, Diehl & Machado, Oswald #626 (6♂, 13♀, TAMU) ; Papepapinbilla Creek : 70 km ENE of Wilcannia, 30.xii.1988, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, 1♀, AMSA) ; Pilliga : 1925 (1♀, ANIC) ; Springs Creek : 75 km WSW of Wilcannia, 31.xii.1988, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (4♀, AMSA) ; Stephens Creek : approx. 24 km ENE of Broken Hill, 27.i.1976, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (5♂, 2♀, AMSA) ; Talyealye Homestead : 4 km N, 29 o 05’28’’S– 144 o 27’59’’E, 17.i.1999, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (6♂, 7♀, AMSA) ; Tamworth : 2.i.1966, C.N. Smithers (1♀, AMSA) ; Tibooburra : 8.i.1994, M.H. Dunn (1♂, AMSA) ; Tintin- allogy Station : - 31.99947 o– 143.01706 o, 15.i.2010, S. Winterton (2♂, 2♀, CSCA) ; Yanga State Conservation Area: Willows campground, 22.6 air km SESE Balranald , 70m, 34.76051 oS– 143.76152 oE ± 100m, 11.xii.2012, M.V., Oswald, Diehl & Machado, Oswald #599 (3♀, TAMU) ; 30 km NNW of Wentworth , 1.i.1989, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, 7♀, AMSA) ; Northern Territory: Alice Spring : (1?, QMBA) ; 19.xi.1989, R.B. Miller (3♂, 1♀, FSCA; 1♀ TAMU) ; xi.1965 (1♀, ANIC) ; ii.1966 (1♂, 2♀, ANIC) ; x.1966 (1♂, 4♀, ANIC) ; i.1926 (2♀, SAMA) ; x.1953 (1♂, SAMA) ; 27.xi.1954 (1♂, MVM) ; 15.xi.1954 (1♀, MVM) ; Barron Creek : x.1972 (1♂, 1♀, ANIC) ; ii.1966 (2♂, ANIC) ; Brunette Downs : via freewina, 16.i.1983, R. Paterson (1♂, 1♀, ANIC) ; Center of Australia Marker : iii.1993 (1♂, SAMA) ; Charlotte Waters : 17.ii.1911 (1♀, MVM) ; Daly Waters : xi.1972 (2♂, 2♀, ANIC) ; Dingo Hole Dam : x.1977 (1♂, SAMA) ; Emily Gap : ii.1966 (7♂, 4♀, ANIC) ; Illamurta Spring : iii.1993 (2♂, SAMA) ; Larrimah : x.1972 (2♂, 1♀, ANIC) ; Lubras Lookout: near Renner Springs , 12.i.1992, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; Kings Canyon: ( Au 12), 19.ix.2005, R. Miller & L. Stange (1♂, FSCA; 1♀ TAMU) ; Kings Creek Campground: near Kings Canyon National Park (A22), 22.xi.1989, R.B. Miller (1♂, 1♀, TAMU; 4♂, 5♀, FSCA) ; 30 km W of Mount Ebenezer , 1.i.1996, M.S. & B.J. Moulds & K.A. Kopestonsky (3♂, 5♀, AMSA) ; Murray Downs Station : x.1977 (1♂, SAMA) ; Pillaga Scrub : 30:56S–149:23E, 10.ii.1997, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA) ; Ready Rockhole: near Kings Canyon , George Gill Rg., 31.i.1984, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (14♂, 14♀, AMSA) ; viii.1962 (1♀, ANIC) ; 16 km W of Soudan Homestead , 13.i.1992, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA) ; Tablelands & Barky Hwy junction: 21.xii.1986, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA) ; Taylors Creek : 47 km N of Barrow Creek township, 22.i.1984, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, 2♀, AMSA) ; Tennant Creek : xi.1972 (1♂, ANIC) ; xi.1966 (1♂, ANIC) ; 296 km S, 29.xi.1972, D.H. Collens (1♀, ANIC) ; Three Ways : x.1972 (3♂, ANIC) ; Tilmouth Well: Napperby Creek , 22:48:40S–132:35:40E, 13.i.2001, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA) ; Trephina Gorge : 70 km W ENE of Alice Spring, 29.i.1984, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, 1♀, 1?, AMSA) ; Victoria River Downs : vii.1973 (1♀, ANIC) ; ix.1973 (1♀, ANIC) ; Yalara Resort: Ayres Rock , 2.ii.1984, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, 3♀, AMSA) ; Wauchope : x.1972 (3♀, ANIC) ; Queensland: 40 km E of Barcaldine , 23:34:25S–145:40:32E, 12.i.1999, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (2♀, AMSA) ; 9.5 air km S, Botanical Walk , 23.63733°S 145.28137°E ± 30m, R Machado, MV light, 23.xii.2015, AustRM#08 (3♂, 6♀, TAMU) ; Barkley Highway : ix.1977 (1♂, SAMA) ; 70 km S of Blackwater , 19.i.1987, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; Brisbane : (6♂, 7♀, QMBA) ; 9.xi.1927 (1♀, ZMUC) ; 3.ii.1929 (1♂, QMBA) ; Butcher Creek : 20 km W of Cloncurry, 21.i.1977, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA) ; Carnarvon National Park: Mount Moffat, Malaise , 25 o 03’52’’S– 148 o 01’06’’E, 30.xi.1997, J Skevington, C Lambkin (1♀, QMBA) ; Charleville : 13.ii.1938 (1♂, QMBA) ; x.1957 (1♀, ANIC) ; 20.x.1957 (1♂, FSCA) ; 15 km S by W, 26:32S–146:12E, 21.x.1975, M.S. Upton (2♀, ANIC) ; 15 km SbyW, 26.32S– 146.12E, 21.x.1975, M.S. Upton (1♂, 1♀, ANIC) ; 2 km N, 26.23S - 146.14E, 16.iii.1990, E.D. Edwards & J.H. Fisk (1♂, ANIC) ; 70 km, 26 o 52’S– 146 o 35’E, 28.x.1991, G Daniels (1♀, QMBA) ; Clermont : Dr. K.K. Spence (1♀, AMSA) ; ii.1916 (1♀, ANIC) ; x.1922 (1♀, ANIC) ; 8 km S, 18.iii.1982, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; x.1920 (1♀, ANIC) ; Cloncurry : (1♂, 1♀, MVM) ; Cunnamulla : i.1944 (1♂, 3♀, QMBA) ; Dalby: near Lake Broadwater , 27:21S–151:06E, 10.i.2002, Cooley, Cowan, Hill, Marshal & Moulds (1♂, AMSA) ; Emerald : xii.1916 (1♀, ANIC) ; 40 km WNW of Goondiwindi , 17.xii.1983, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA) ; Kuranda : 2.iii.1908 (1♀, MVM) ; Miles : 20.i.1982, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA) ; 17.xii.1990 (10?, QMBA) ; Millmerran : 13.xii.1944 (1♀, MVM) ; 16.i.1944 (1♂, MVM) ; Mitchell : 116 km S, 18.xii.1983, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA) ; Mount Isa : 30.xi.1940 (1♀, QMBA) ; Mutchilba : x.1933 (1♀, MVM) ; Nine Mile Creek : 14 km NNW of Miles, 24.i.1990, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA) ; Noombah Station : SW of longreach, 24: 05.2S– 143: 08.7E, 14.i.2002, Cooley, Hill, Marshal & Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; Roma : 11.xi.1938 (1♂, QMBA) ; Saint George : i.1944, N. Geary (1♀, AMSA) ; 6 km N of Taroom , 25 o 36’S– 149 o 46’E, 2.x. 1991, 200 m, G. Daniels (1♂, QMBA) ; South Australia: 13 km S of Alawoona , 6.i.1996, M.S. & B.J. Moulds & K.A. Kopestonsky (1♀, AMSA) ; Arkaba Creek: 26 air km ENNE Hawker , 390m,31.68717 oS– 138.57257 oE ± 70m, 31.xii.2012, M.V., Oswald, Diehl & Machado, Oswald #623 (3♂, 4♀, TAMU) ; Arkaroola: Northern Flinders Ranges [Vulkathunha-Gammon Ranges Park], 21.i.1976, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (2♂, 1♀, AMSA) ; 22.i.1976 (1♂, AMSA) ; Aroona Dam : xi.1969 (3♂, 1♀, SAMA) ; Balcanoona : xi.1975 (1♀, SAMA) ; Big Peery Springs : xii.1974 (1♀, SAMA) ; Copper Hill : ii.1962 (2♀, SAMA) ; Cungena: near Landfill , 100m, 32.58559 oS– 134.72105 oE ± 50m, 30.xii.2012, M.V., Oswald, Diehl & Machado, Oswald #622 (5♂, 11♀, TAMU) ; Everard Park : x.1970 (1♂, SAMA) ; Eyre Peninsula : xi.2005 (2♂, SAMA) ; Finke River : 1933 (1♂, 1♀, SAMA) ; Flinders Ranges : 10 km NW Maynards Well, 11.xii.1974, at light, J.A. Herridge (1♀, SAMA) ; x.1974 (1♀, SAMA) ; Gairdner Torrens : iii.2007 (1♂, SAMA) ; Gawler Range : xii.1989 (2♂, 4♀, SAMA) ; Glendambo : iv.2007 (1♀, SAMA) ; 16.i.2012, L. Stange (1♀, FSCA) ; Gluepot Reserve : ix.2000 (1♂, 1♀, SAMA) ; xii.2000 (1♂, 3♀, SAMA) ; Innaminka : 17.i.2002, Cooley, Cowan, Hill, Marshal & Moulds (1♂, 1♀, AMSA) ; Innamincka: Cooper Creek , 24.i.1976, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, 1♀, AMSA) ; Iron Knob : iii.1968 (2♂, ANIC) ; highway 1 pull off, 1.6 air km ENNE of Kimba , 220m, 33.12763 oS– 136.43115 oE ± 80m, 12.xii.2012, M.V., Oswald, Diehl & Machado, Oswald #600 (3♂, 3♀, TAMU) ; Kingoonya : (2♀, ANIC) ; Koonamore Station : ii.1956 (1♀, SAMA) ; Kyancutta : ii.1957 (1♂, SAMA) ; Lake Eyre : (1♀, MVM) ; Lake Gilles : x.72 (1♀, SAMA) , Lake Killapontana : (1♀, MVM) ; Leigh Creek : i.1965 (2♂, 1♀, SAMA) ; x.1965 (1♀, SAMA) ; xi.1965 (1♂, 1♀, SAMA) ; xii.1965 (3♂, 2♀, SAMA) ; xii.1966 (3♂, ANIC) ; ix.1969 (1♂, SAMA) ; Loxton : i.1958 (1♀, SAMA) ; Madigan Gulf : ii.1956 (1♀, SAMA) ; Malboona Homestead : x.1988 (1♂, SAMA) ; Maryinna Hill : iii.1995 (1♀, SAMA) ; Mimili : x.1998 (1♂, SAMA) ; Moomba Gas Field : 28 o 26’S– 140 o 11’E, 23.i.1976, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; Moonaree Station : x.2006 (2♀, SAMA) ; Moralana Creek : 40 km NNW of Hawker, 26.i.1976, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, 2♀, AMSA) ; Mount Christie Siding : 6.xi.1975, at light, J.A. Herridge (2♂, 1♀ SAMA) ; Musgrave Range : 13.x.1994 (2♂, 1♀, SAMA) ; ii.1966 (2♀, SAMA) ; Oolarinna : iii.1996 (1♀, SAMA) ; Pichi Richi Pass: near Port Augusta , 25.i.1991, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA) ; Pinkawillinie : xi.1995 (1♂, SAMA) ; Prices Bore : iv.2007 (1♂, SAMA) ; Purnong: Near Mur- ray River (1♂, MVM) ; Rev. A.P. Burgess (1♀, SAMA) ; Stuart Highway : 56 km S of NT border, 4.ii.1984, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; Tingatingana Crossing: Strzelecki Creek , approx., 28 o 48’S– 140 o 10’E, 25.i.1976, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (2♀, AMSA) ; Twins Station : x.1953 (1♀, SAMA) ; Uno Station : xi.2008 (1♂, 2♀, SAMA) ; i.2009 (2♂, 3♀, SAMA) ; 14 km NNW of Yalata Mission :, 31.22S– 131.47E, 10.v.1983, E.S. Nielsen & E.D. Edwards (1♀, ANIC) ; Yaninee : ii.1957 (1♂, SAMA) ; Yardea Station : approx. 10mi S of Lake Acraman, 1.iv.1972, J.A. Herridge (1♀, SAMA) ; Yelpawralinna : ix.1993 (1♀, SAMA) ; Yumbarra : xi.1975 (1♂, SAMA) ; iii.1995 (1♂, 2♀, SAMA) ; Yunta : i.1943 (2♂, 5♀, MVM) ; ii.1943 (2♂, 2♀, MVM) ; Warooka : i.1962 (1♂, SAMA) ; Warraweenna : iv.1997 (1♂, SAMA) ; Wataru campsite: x.1998 (1♀, SAMA) ; Watercress Crossing : iii.1970 (1♂, SAMA) ; White Bull Yard: Kalamurina Station , x.1999 (3♂, 2♀, SAMA) ; 55 km S of William Creek , 29:13S–136:38E, 3.i.1996, M.S. & B.J. Moulds & K.A. Kopestonsky (3♀, AMSA) ; Wilpena Pound: Flinders Ranges , 20.i.1976, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (2♀, AMSA) ; Windy Crossing: Just below Aroona Dam 10 km SW of Copley, 24.xi.1975, at light, G.F. Gross (1♀ SAMA) ; Wirraminna Station : iv.2006 (1♂, SAMA) ; Victoria: Lake Hattah : 28.xi.1967 (2♀, MVM) ; 15.ii.1969 (1♀, MVM) ; Mallee : 2.ii.1914 (1♂, 1♀, MVM) ; Red Cliffs : 1.i.1955 (1♀, MVM) ; Murray-Sunset National Park : - 34.63207 o– 141.97935 o, 10.i.2010, S. Winterton (1♂, 1♀, CSCA) ; Rocket Lake: 5 km S, Murray Sunset National Park , 34:39S–141:49E, 24.xi.1992, at light, Moulds, McAlpine & McEvey (1♀, AMSA) ; 2.xii.1992 (3♂, 8♀, AMSA) ; Western Australia: Beverley : (1♀, SAMA) ; Broome : 5.xi.1978, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA) ; 2 km N of Cane Grass Swamp Crossing , 30:11S– 121.10E, 25.xii.1995, M.S. & B.J. Moulds & K.A. Kopestonsky (3♂, 4♀, AMSA) ; Cane River Homestead: iii.1971 (2♀, ANIC) ; Carnarvon : iv.1968 (1♂, 1♀, ANIC) ; Cave Rock Camp : 28.6 km S of Burra Rock, - 31.640S– 121.209E, 17.xi. 2007, 380m, at light, D.R. Britton & D.J. Bicket (1♂, AMSA) ; Cave Hill : iii.1996 (1♀, 1♂, SAMA) ; Coolgardie : xi.1969 (1♂, 1♀, ANIC) ; v.1984 (1♀, ANIC) ; 80 km E of Cosmo Newberry , 27.55S– 123.29E, 27.xii.1995, M.S. & B.J. Moulds & K.A. Kopestonsky (4♂, 1♀, AMSA) ; Crawley : ii.1935 (1♂, ANIC) ; Ellavalla Station , ii.1955 (1♂, MVM) ; 70 air km WWNW of Gascoyne Junction , 24.87559 oS– 114.55150 oE ± 90m, 21.xii.2012, M.V., Oswald, Diehl & Machado, Oswald #613 (4♂, 10♀, TAMU) ; Goldfields Woodlands National Park: 69 air km WSW Coolgardie , 380m, 31.18428 oS– 120.49041 oE ± 80m, 15.xii.2012, M.V., Oswald, Diehl & Machado, Oswald #603 (1♀, TAMU) ; track W off Great Central Road, 6 air km NNNE Laverton , 28.58435 oS– 122.41038 oE ± 100m, 470m, 27.xii.2012, M.V., Oswald, Diehl & Machado, Oswald #618 (6♂, 10♀, TAMU) ; Kalgoorlie : 30.i.1976, K.E. Cawaby (1♂, AMSA) ; 30.xi.1985, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; 1.xii.1985 (1♀, AMSA) ; 12.i.1989 (1♂, 1♀, AMSA) ; 13.i.1989 (2♀, AMSA) ; 15.i.1986,A.J. Graham (1♂, AMSA) ; 22.ix.1986 (1♀, AMSA) ; 6.i.1989 (2♀, AMSA) ; 15.i.1989 (1♂, AMSA) ; 20.i.1989 (1♀, AMSA) ; 160 km E Trans Australia Railway, 21.i.1991, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA) ; 70 km NNW, 30.11S– 121.10E, 11.xi.1977, M.S. Upton (1♂, 1♀, ANIC) ; Karonie : xi.1969 (1♀, ANIC) ; 70 mi ESE of Kununurra , iv.1966 (1♀, SAMA) ; Lake Johnston: near N end, 20 km SW of Coolgardie / Norseman roadfork, 19.i.1991, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♀, AMSA) ; iii.1996 (1♀, SAMA) ; Marble Bar : i.1914 (2♀, ANIC) ; Marloo Station Wurarga: i.1935, Gebr. Goerling S.G. (1♀, ZMHB) ; 10 km N of Menzies , 14.i.1989, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, AMSA) ; 25 km S, 29.54S– 121.07E, 5.v.1984, E.S. Nielsen & E.D. Edwards (1♂, ANIC) ; Millstream : x.1970 (1♂, ANIC) ; iv.1971 (2♀, ANIC) ; Moola Bulla Station : ix.1953 (1♀, SAMA) ; Mount Davies : xi.1956 (1♀, SAMA) ; 110 km S of Mount Magnet , 19.i.1989, M.S. & B.J. Moulds (1♂, 2♀, AMSA) ; 25 km W Mount Magnet , 28 o 09’50’’S– 117 o 39’04’’E, 13.xii.1999, J. Skevington (1♀, CSCA) ; track S off highway 1, 79 air km EENE of Norseman , 32.08056 oS– 122.60297 oE ± 90m, 28.xii.2012, M.V., Oswald, Diehl & Machado, Oswald #619 (2♂, 2♀, TAMU) ; 63 km EbyN of Norseman , 32.04S– 122.25E, 6.v.1983, E.S. Nielsen & E.D. Edwards (1♂, ANIC) ; i.1993 (1♀, ANIC) ; Perth: Nedlands , 3–4.i.1961, malaise trap in Eucalyptus for 40m (1♂, FSCA) ; i.1967 (1♂, ANIC) ; Port Headland : x.1960 (1♀, FSCA) ; Wittenoon : 4.iii.1994, L. Stange & R. Miller (1♂, FSCA) ; Wyndham : iii.1968 (1♀, ANIC) . NO LABEL: (1♀, ANIC) .

Comments. Austrogymnocnemia bipunctata is one of the most common antlion species in Australia and can be collected in large numbers at light. The species is easily distinguished from other Austrogymnocnemia species by its mostly dark body, large number of long white setae on the thorax and legs, and the large rhegmal infuscation on the hind wings. The synonymy of A. australis with A. bipunctata proposed by New (1985b) is confirmed here. The differences in the shape of the wings proposed by Esben-Petersen (1923) are considered to represent intraspecific variation, as discussed by New. For phylogenetic relationships see Fig. 4 .

Figures

FIGURE 4. Strict consensus tree of morphology-based parsimony analysis of species belonging to the former subtribe Periclystina (ingroup, names in black), and outgroups (names in red). Former Glenoleon species are shown on blue branches, former Austrogymnocnemia species on green branches. Numbers above branches are Bremer support values; numbers below branches are bootstrap values (shown where>50%).

FIGURE 33. Austrogymnocnemia bipunctata: a) head, anterior; b) head and thorax, dorsal; c) wings, dorsal.

FIGURE 34. Austrogymnocnemia bipunctata: male: a) terminalia, lateral; b) genitalia, lateral; c) genitalia, posterior; d) 9th sternite, ventral; female: e) terminalia, lateral; f) 7th sternite and pregenital plate, ventral. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 35. Distribution of Austrogymnocnemia bipunctata.