Austrogymnocnemia berthoudi ( Tillyard, 1916 ) Machado & Oswald, 2020

Machado, Renato Jose Pires & Oswald, John David, 2020, Morphological phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the former antlion subtribe Periclystina (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae), Zootaxa 4796 (1), pp. 1-322 : 80-83

Austrogymnocnemia berthoudi ( Tillyard, 1916) , new combination

( Figs. 30–32 )

http://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/ 556DFD92-560C-455D-A9C9-61D81A9FA0B3

Glenoleon berthoudi Tillyard 1916:55 (OD); Esben-Petersen 1923:578 (cit); Stange 1976:305 (cat); New 1985b:39 (key, rd, ill); New 1996:81 (cat); Stange 2004:103 (cat); Oswald 2018 (cat).

Diagnosis. Forewing narrow, with a long brown longitudinal line; pronotum dark with pale marks; tibial spurs long; female posterior gonapophyses without cavisetae; male 9 th sternite emarginate, with sides elongate.

Description. Lengths: forewing: 30–32 mm; hind wing: 24–28 mm.

Head ( Figs. 31 a–b): Labrum pale and set with a line of elongate setae. Clypeus pale; with few elongate setae. Frons predominantly black, except for ventral margin pale; set with few black setae. Gena pale. Vertex raised; in anterior view pale, with a median black line interrupted centrally; in dorsal view mostly black except for pale areas on anterior and posterior margins; covered with short black setae. Ocular setae absent. Antennae clubbed; elongate, about three times longer than pronotum; distance between antennae wider than scape width; all segments mostly dark brown except for a pale dorsal ring on most flagellomeres; torular membrane black; flagellomeres almost as long as wide at base, apical ones much wider than long; all segments set with short black setae. Mandibles mostly pale, with tip black. Palpi, maxillary and labial mostly light brown, except for segments distal margin pale; apical labial palpomere fusiform, palpimacula opening oval-shaped, located medially.

Thorax ( Fig. 31b ): Pronotum as long as wide; posterior margin as wide as anterior; subapical furrow present; pale except by a large central black mark “X” shaped, and margins also black; beset with many short black setae and some long set at margins. Mesonotum colouration mostly black, but with some pale marks: two rounded marks on prescutum and scutellum, and two longitudinal lines on each side of scutum; covered with short black setae. Metanotum black, with a large pale mark on each side of scutum; set with few short black setae. Pterothoracic pleura mostly black with some pale areas near sclerites borders; covered with white setae; Miller’s organ present.

Wings ( Fig. 31c ): Rather narrow with tip acute; anterior Banksian line present in both wings, posterior absent on hind wing; veins mostly dark brown, but some veins intercalated with white spots, beset with short black setae. Male pilula axillaris present. Forewing membrane mostly hyaline but with a longitudinal brown line on mediocubital area, which extends over gradate veins, and many small brown marks concentrated in forks of apical area, posterior margin, beneath pterostigma and subcostal area; CuA fork located near RP origin; three presectoral crossveins; subcostal veinlets simple; posterior area narrower than prefork area at the CuA fork level. Hind wing membrane mostly hyaline except for a small brown mark at hypostigmatic cell base, and a large brow rhegmal spot; MP fork located between RP origin and first fork; subcostal crossveins simple; one presectoral crossvein, with a medial spur.

Legs ( Figs. 31 a–b): All pairs of legs, femur elongate (> 2.5x length of coxa); tibia and femur about same size, but longer than tarsi; tibial spurs surpassing T1 apex; T2, T3 and T4 about same size but slightly shorter than T1, which is shorter than T5; claws about half of T5 length; coxa, trochanter and femur set with short white setae; femur apically, tibia and tarsi set with short black setae, and scattered long black setae; T5 ventrally with two rows of thick, long, black setae. Proleg sense hair shorter than half of femur length; tibia with antennal cleaning setae ventroapically; coxa dark brown with some pale areas on anterior surface, trochanter light brown, femur dark brown with some lighter areas basally, tibia mostly dark brown with three pale rings; tarsi dark brown, except for T1, pale. Mesoleg with same colour pattern of proleg, except for some areas on internal surface of femur and tibia, light brown. Metaleg with femur and tibia slightly longer than in other legs; colour pattern similar to mesoleg, except for tibia pale with tip dark brown.

Abdomen: Tergites mostly black with scattered pale marks; beset with short black setae and few short white setae on basal segments. Sternites mostly black with a large medial pale longitudinal band; basal segments mostly set with short white setae and few black setae; distal segments covered with short black setae.

Male Terminalia ( Figs. 32 a–c): Ectoproct posterior margin rounded in lateral view; set with elongate black setae. 9 th sternite in posterior view with distal margin emarginate, with a short medial lobe and with sides elongate; set with elongate black setae. Gonarcus broad with lateral margins acute in posterior view; and anterior margin thinner in lateral view. Mediuncus short with tip acute in lateral and posterior view. Paramere large, with tip curved and sclerotized in posterior and lateral view; elongate with anterior margin thinner in lateral view.

Female Terminalia ( Figs. 32 d–e): Ectoproct posterior margin rounded, covered with thin elongate setae. Lateral gonapophyses rounded, about same size of ectoproct, set with thickened setae. 7 th sternite distal margin straight in ventral view and covered with long black setae. Pregenital plate in ventral view rounded, but anterior margin curved and acute medially. Posterior gonapophyses broad, elongate, with tip rounded; covered with long black setae. 9 th tergite with a short membranous digitiform process. Anterior gonapophyses absent. Ventral membrane gonapophyseal plates present.

Distribution ( Fig. 30 ). Australia: NT*, QLD, SA*, WA. Known from scattered records across mainland Australia.

Adult activity period. Records for November, February, and March.

Biology. Unknown, larva unknown.

Name-bearing type. Glenoleon berthoudi : Holotype (by original designation), female, BMNH, high-resolution image examined. Type locality: Australia, Western Australia, Waroona (town). From original description: “Hab. Waroona, W.A. Taken by Mr. G. F. Berthoud, to whom I dedicate the species, on February 23rd, 1911. Unique. Type in Coll. Tillyard”. From New 1985: “Type / Holotype, ♀, Western Australia, Waroona, 23.ii.1911, G. F. Berthoud ( BMNH) (seen)”. Condition: good; left antenna missing; terminalia dissected.

Additional material examined (7♂, 5♀). AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: Alice Springs: Emily Gap 6mi SE, 17.ii.1966, Britton, Upton & McInnes (1♀, ANIC) ; Queensland: Clermont : 26.iii.1914 (1♂, QMBA) ; South Australia: 40mi E of Nullarbor , 18.iii.1968, I.F.B. Common & M.S. Upton (1♀, ANIC) ; Pinkawillinie Conserva- tion Park : 20.iii.1996 (1♂, SAMA) ; ix.1995 (2♂, SAMA) ; Tintinara: Jimmy’s Well , ii.1965 (1♀, SAMA) ; Yum- berra Conservation Park: Inila Rock Waters , iii.1995 (1♂, SAMA) ; Western Australia: Balladonia : iii.1996 (1♀, SAMA) ; 53mi SSW of Coolgardie , 31.39S– 120.46E, 5.xi.1960 (1♂, ANIC) ; 13mi EbyS of Karonie , 9.xi.1969, Key & Upton, Key’s field notes, trip 163, stop 19422.7 (1♀, ANIC) ; Lake Austin : 27 o 36.5’S– 117 o 53.3’E, 24.iii.2005, D Brzoska (1♂, FSCA) .

Comments. Austrogymnocnemia berthoudi is closely related to A. meteorica . These are the only two species of the Periclystus genus group that possess a broad posterior emargination on male 9 th sternite. However, A. berthoudi is easily recognized by the long dark longitudinal line on the forewing. For phylogenetic relationships see Fig. 4 .

Figures

FIGURE 4. Strict consensus tree of morphology-based parsimony analysis of species belonging to the former subtribe Periclystina (ingroup, names in black), and outgroups (names in red). Former Glenoleon species are shown on blue branches, former Austrogymnocnemia species on green branches. Numbers above branches are Bremer support values; numbers below branches are bootstrap values (shown where>50%).

FIGURE 30. Distribution of Austrogymnocnemia species (part).

FIGURE 31. Austrogymnocnemia berthoudi: a) head, anterior; b) head and thorax, dorsal; c) wings, dorsal.

FIGURE 32. Austrogymnocnemia berthoudi: male: a) terminalia, lateral; b) genitalia, lateral; c) genitalia and 9th sternite, posterior; female: d) terminalia, lateral; e) 7th sternite and pregenital plate, ventral. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.