Stenaptinus agnatus ( Chaudoir, 1876 )

Fedorenko, D. N., 2021, Stenaptinus (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Brachininae) of Vietnam. Note 2, Russian Entomological Journal 30 (1), pp. 25-42 : 35-37

5. Stenaptinus agnatus ( Chaudoir, 1876) , stat.rest.

Figs 3, 6 , 13, 16 , 43–47 , 61 , 69 , 82–89 .

Chaudoir, 1876: 43 ( Pheropsophus ; ‘Tchusan’ [= Zhoushan Is., Zhejiang], China); Bates, 1889: 281 ( javanus var.?); 1892: 392; Dupuis, 1913: 419. — javanus (part.): Andrewes, 1930: 273; Csiki, 1933: 1601; Jedlička, 1964: 534; Habu, 1967: 291; 1984: 123; Lafer et Zolotarenko, 1971: 64; Lafer, 1973: 852; Hrdlička, 2017: 480; Venugopal et Thomas, 2019: 73. — worthingtoni Hrdlička, 2019: 85 ( Pheropsophus ; Khao Soi Dao NP, Thailand), syn.n. — suensoni Schauberger, 1923: 53 ( Pheropsophus ; Hangchow [Handzhou, Zhejiang] et Kiukiang [Jiujiang, Jiangxi]), syn.n. — ? chinensis Jedlička, 1964: 529, 556 ( Pheropsophus ; ‘ China: Thieme’).

MATERIAL. Holotype ♂ ( MNHN, digital images) with two labels, ‘Ex Musaeo/ Chaudoir’ and ‘ G. J. Arrow / vidit 1901’, and a hanwritten label ‘agnatus / Chaudoir/ Chine / Tchusan Melly.’ at bottom of the box with the holotype.

Additional material ( SIEE): 6♂♂, ♀, Vietnam, Dongnai Province, Cat Tien National Park , 11°25´18´´N / 107°25´44´´E, at light HQL-450, 21.X.–5.XII.2004 , ♀ ♂, 22.V. and 15.VI.2005 (D. Fedorenko) ; ♂, same locality, XI.2014 (N. Belyaeva) ; ♂, Gia Lai Province, ~ 40 km ENE of Pleiku, 14º12´11´´N / 108º18´54´´E, Kon Ka Kinh National Park , h= 890 m, 9–22.V.2016 (D. Fedorenko) ; 3♂♂, Kon Tum Province, Kon Plong Distr., 14°43´N / 108°19´E, Dak Khe River , h= 1030 m, 8–23.IV.2015 (D. Fedorenko) ; ♂, same data, except for ‘ on sandy riverbank, 4–12.VI.2016 ; 20♂♂, 6♀♀, Quang Nam Province, Nam Giang Distr., Song Thanh National Park , 15°33´48´´N / 107°23´22´´E, h= 1050 m, 23.IV–11.V.2019 (D. Fedorenko) ; ♂, same data except ‘at light’ ; 3♀♀, Ninh Binh Province, 7.5 km SSW of Nho Quan , 20°15´08´´N / 105°44´09´´E, h~ 100 m, at light, 1–5.V.2019 (A. Prosvirov) ; ♀, 60 km WSW of Hanoi , Hoa Binh, 10.XII.1988 (N. Belyaeva) ; ♀, Cambodia, Kratie Province, 7 km S of Kratie, Mekong River (A. Kompantsev) ; ♀, ( ZSM), Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima (Korat) Province, La Lu National Park , h= 120 m, light trap, 14°28´N / 102°39´E, 9–12.VIII.2012 (A.V. Korshunov) .

Genitalia examined in 15 males and three females.

Besides, digital images of four specimens: 2♀♀ ( EASC), with two handwritten labels: ‘ Southern Maritime Province, Mt. Kh asan, Golubiny Utyos , VII–VIII.1970, Lafer G. ’ [in Russian] and ‘ Pheropsophus javanus Dej., G. Lafer det. 1970 ’; ♂ ( EASC), same labels except that the date is ‘1972’ on both ; ♂ (http://www.zin.ru), same data .

DIAGNOSIS. Elytra subparallel-sided, with distinct humeri. Dorsal pale pattern mostly well-developed, with elytral transverse band wide and pronotal lateral margins only narrowly infuscated; vertex with Y- or V-shaped patch. Tergite VII with 7–12 strong and straight apical setae in female. Aedeagus distinctive ( Figs 43–47 ): median lobe in dorsal view with apex long, triangular and very pointed; internal sac symmetrical or almost so, with body strongly tumid basally and contiguous to proximal basal bulbs; left distal basal bulb missing or vestigial.

Melanistic specimens are hard to discriminate from specimens of S. javanus using non-genitalic characters.

REDESCRIPTION. Very similar to S. javanus in body shape and proportions (Table). BL 13–21.3 mm. Body pattern ( Figs 82–89 ) highly variable, ranging from similar to that of S. javanus , except only that pale elytral transverse band is generally wider and less dentate, to entirely pale. Head glabrous or with a few short setae behind supra-ocular seta, pronotum with no or sparse and very short yet rather distinct pilosity, and punctures being rather large at apex and less distinct at base.

Pronotum quadrate, as long as wide, broadest two fifths from apex, with sides subsinuate a fifth from base and rounded before. Base slightly wider than apex; basal angles mostly slightly obtuse, with extreme apices blunt. Lateral bead and groove very fine, entire or obliterate in front of basal angles.

Abdomen ( Figs 3, 6 ): Tergite VII coarsely and more or less densely punctate, with dense and distinct fine punctures between coarse ones. Sternite VIII with apical setae slightly curved in female.

Female genitalia and reproductive tract ( Figs 61 , 69 ) similar to those of S. javanus .

GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION. Eastern and southern China, including Taiwan, as far north as Maritime Province (Russian Far Est); Indochina ( Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam). The distribution pattern of S. agnatus otherwise is largely obscured by its confusion with S. javanus and S. fimbriatus .

HABITATS AND HABITS. This species is common in Indochina. It inhabits manifold open places at 50–1050 m altitudes, while sharing these habitats with S. stenoderus or S. consularis flaviceps ssp.n. in some localities explored. The adults flights to light at night, often being collected together with those of other sympatric congeners, such as S. fimbriatus , S. dongnaiensis sp.n. and S. tripustulatus (Fabricius, 1792) .

COMMENTS. Schauberger [1923] described S. suensoni as a species distinctive from S. marginicollis and S. jessoensis (Morawitz, 1862) , but he did not compared it with S. agnatus , another species known from China long before and, according to the original description, having no difference from S. suensoni . A smaller body, 13 mm in length, in couple with the entirely pale forebody, only differentiates the next Chinese species, S. chinensis , from S. agnatus . Because the two characters are observed in S. agnatus as well, the synonymy S. chinensis = S. agnatus is not improbable, too. The name ‘Thieme’ (‘ China: Thieme’) from the description of S. chinensis seems to be patronymic Dutch, that of probable collector of the species, and the fact that a certain steersman Thieme has been mentioned by Kuiper [2016] relative to the island of Amoy in the 19th century is what may argue for the surmise. If true, the holotype of S. chinensis originated either from the environs of Xiamen or another treaty port in China, e.g., Shanghai, Ningbo, Fuzhou, or Guangzhou.

Lafer [ Lafer, Zolotarenko, 1971; Lafer, 1973] reported ‘ S. javanus ’ from the southernmost Maritime Province based on several male and female specimens, redescribed the species at his hand in details and then [ Lafer, 1989] illustrated it by the line drawing of S. javanus from Habu [1967: Pl.27, Fig.3 ; 1984: Fig.179]. My comparison of the digital images of four specimens of S. javanus : Lafer, 1971 reveals that all of them belong to S. agnatus only. This suggests that most if not all records of S. javanus in mainland East Asia should be referred to as S. agnatus .

Figures

Figs 1–10. Stenaptinus spp., sternite VIII in female: 1 — S. stenoderus; 2 — S. lissoderus; 3, 6 — S. agnatus from Cat Tien; 4 — S. sumatrensis sp.n.; 5 — S. c. consularis; 6 — S. montanus sp.n.; 7 — S. fimbriatus; 8 — S. consularis flaviceps ssp.n.; 9 — S. javanus; 10 — S. marginicollis. Scale bars: 1 mm. Рис. 1–10. Stenaptinus spp., стернит VIII самки: 1 — S. stenoderus; 2 — S. lissoderus; 3, 6 — S. agnatus иЗ Катьена; 4 — S. sumatrensis sp.n.; 5 — S. c. consularis; 6 — S. montanus sp.n.; 7 — S. fimbriatus; 8 — S. consularis flaviceps ssp.n.; 9 — S. javanus; 10 — S. marginicollis. МасШтаб: 1 мм.

Figs 11–20. Stenaptinus spp., tergite VIII in female: 11 — S. stenoderus; 12 — S. lissoderus; 13, 16 — S. agnatus from Cat Tien; 14 — S. sumatrensis sp.n.; 15 — S. c. consularis; 16 — S. montanus sp.n.; 17 — S. fimbriatus; 18 — S. consularis flaviceps ssp.n.; 19 — S. javanus; 20 — S. marginicollis; adr — apical depigmented region; psm — posteromedian sclerotized region. Scale bars: 1 mm. Рис. 11–20. Stenaptinus spp., тергит VIII самки: 11 — S. stenoderus; 12 — S. lissoderus; 13, 16 — S. agnatus иЗ Катьена; 14 — S. sumatrensis sp.n.; 15 — S. c. consularis; 16 — S. montanus sp.n.; 17 — S. fimbriatus; 18 — S. consularis flaviceps ssp.n.; 19 — S. javanus; 20 — S. marginicollis; adr — апикальнаЯ депигментированнаЯ область; psm — постеро-медиальнаЯ склеротиЗациЯ. МасШтаб: 1 мм.

Figs 43–55. Stenaptinus spp., median lobe of aedeagus with everted and inflated internal sac: 43–47 — S. agnatus from Cat Tien (43–45) and Kon Ka Kinh (46–47); 48–50, 53 — S. fimbriatus from Cat Tien (48) and Sumatra (49–50, 53); 51, 55 — S. dongnaiensis sp.n.; 52, 54 — S. sumatrensis sp.n.; 43–44, 47–48, 53–55 — dorso-apical aspect; 45–46, 49–52 — left aspect; dbl — left distal basal bulb. Scale bar: 1 mm. Рис. 43–55. Stenaptinus spp., среднЯЯ долЯ Эдеагуса с вывернутым и надутым внутренним меШком: 43–47 — S. agnatus иЗ Катьена (43–45) и КонкакинЯ (46–47); 48–50, 53 — S. fimbriatus иЗ Катьена (48) и с Суматры (49–50, 53); 51, 55 — S. dongnaiensis sp.n.; 52, 54 — S. sumatrensis sp.n.; 43–44, 47–48, 53–55 — dorso-apical aspect; 45–46, 49–52 — left aspect; dbl — левый дистальный баЗальный пуЗырь. МасШтаб: 1 мм.

Figs 56–64. Stenaptinus spp., urite IX in female, ventral aspect: 56 — S. sumatrensis sp.n.; 57 — S. consularis flaviceps ssp.n. from Gia Lai Prov.; 58 — S. stenoderus; 59 — S. javanus; 60 — S. c. consularis; 61 — S. agnatus; 62 — S. marginicollis; 63 — S. fimbriatus; 64 — S. lissoderus; bc — bursa copulatrix; rp — spermathecal receptacle; sg — spermathecal gland. Scale bars: 1 mm. Рис. 56–64. Stenaptinus spp., урит IX самки вентрально: 56 — S. sumatrensis sp.n.; 57 — S. consularis flaviceps ssp.n. from Gia Lai Prov.; 58 — S. stenoderus; 59 — S. javanus; 60 — S. c. consularis; 61 — S. agnatus; 62 — S. marginicollis; 63 — S. fimbriatus; 64 — S. lissoderus; bc — копулЯтивнаЯ сумка; rp — семеприемник сперматеки; sg — желеЗа сперматеки. МасШтаб: 1 мм.

Figs 65–70. Stenaptinus spp., female reproductive tract: 65 — S. stenoderus; 66 — S. fimbriatus; 67 — S. javanus; 68 — S. marginicollis; 69 — S. agnatus; 70 — sumatrensis sp.n.; bc — bursa copulatrix; ov — common oviduct; rp — spermathecal receptacle; sc — seminal canal; sg — spermathecal gland. Scale bar: 1 mm. Рис. 65–70. Stenaptinus spp., репродуктивный тракт самки: 65 — S. stenoderus; 66 — S. fimbriatus; 67 — S. javanus; 68 — S. marginicollis; 69 — S. agnatus; 70 — sumatrensis sp.n.; bc — копулЯтивнаЯ сумка; ov — непарный Яйцевод; rp — семеприемник сперматеки; sa — апикальные Щетинки; sс — семенной канал; sg — желеЗа сперматеки. МасШтаб: 1 мм.

Figs 74–89. Stenaptinus spp., variation of dorsal pattern in specimens from different localities: 74–76 — S. javanus; 77–81 — S. fimbriatus; 82–89 — S. agnatus; 74 — Loc Bao; 75–76 — Thailand; 77 — Sumatra; 78–79, 88 — Cambodia; 80–81, 85–87 — Cat Tien NP; 82–83 — Song Thanh NP; 84 — Kon Plong Distr.; 89 — Nho Quan env. Рис. 74–89. Stenaptinus spp., иЗменчивость окраски верха у особей иЗ раЗных местонахождений: 74–76 — S. javanus; 77–81 — S. fimbriatus; 82–89 — S. agnatus; 74 — Локбао; 75–76 — Таиланд; 77 — Суматра; 78–79, 88 — Камбоджа; 80–81, 85–87 — нац. парк Каттьен; 82–83 — нац. парк Сонгтхань; 84 — округ Конплонг; 89 — окр. Нхокуан.