Dermacentor nuttalli

Wei, Hua, Xiong, Tao, Wang, Shan-Shan, Wang, Bai-Hui, Du, Li-Feng, Xu, Qing, Zheng, Jia-Jing, Cui, Xiao-Ming, Jia, Na, Jiang, Jia-Fu, Shi, Wenqiang, Zhao, Lin & Cao, Wu-Chun, 2024, Investigating the pathogens associated with Dermacentor nuttalli and its global distribution: A study integrating metagenomic sequencing, meta-analysis and niche modeling, International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 23, pp. 100907-100907 : 100907-

3.3. Distribution of D. nuttalli

To explore the distribution of D. nuttalli , 576 records in total were included for the subsequent analysis, including 501 records in China, 55 records in Mongolia, and 20 records in Russia ( Fig. 2 ). Our data showed that D. nuttalli mainly lived in 23 ◦ – 53 ◦ N latitude in the Northern hemisphere, and was distributed only in China, Russia, and Mongolia ( Fig. 4 ). The southernmost position was at 23 ◦ N in China while the northernmost position was 53 ◦ N in Russia. The westernmost point of D. nuttalli was at 76 ◦ E while the easternmost was at 132.94 ◦ W in China. The main land cover types of its habitat were herbaceous (23.61%), cropland (19.97%), and shrub (13.37%).

In Mongolia, D. nuttalli was found mainly in Hentiy (25 records), Selenge (13 records), Dornogovi (six records), and Tov (five records) provinces (aimags). Those provinces share a temperate continental climate and live on agriculture and animal husbandry. In Russia, it was primarily distributed in Altay (11 records), Irkutsk (five records) and Tuva (three records), and these areas were mainly covered by forests. In China, D. nuttalli were generally distributed in the northern regions, and a majority of them were found near the Great Khingan Mountains and Qilian Mountains. It had been documented in 13 provinces, with a higher number of records from Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Qinghai compared with other provinces, accounting for 68% (343/501) of the total records. Before 2010, D. nuttalli was predominantly reported in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, and three northeastern provinces. However, recent reports gradually included records from inland provinces, including Qinghai, Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Yunnan (Supplementary Text S 1) .

Figures

Fig. 2. Study design and data sources of the meta-analysis. A comprehensive meta-analysis was performed to evaluate D. nuttalli’s potential threats based on detected pathogens and geographical distribution positions. The database of D. nuttalli was constructed from four sources, including field surveys, literature review, a reference book, and an online biodiversity database (Global Biodiversity Information Facility, GBIF, https://www.gbif.org).

Fig. 4. Geographical distribution of D. nuttalli. D. nuttalli lived mainly between 23◦–53◦ latitude and 76◦–133◦ longitude in the Northern Hemisphere. Triangles represent the locations in prefecture-level regions, while circles represent the distribution locations in county-level regions. The green circles represent points from GBIF, the yellow circles are points from literature, the purple circles represent the points from the field survey and the blue points are points from a reference book. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)