Paragus, Latreille, 1804

Tot, Tamara, Radenković, Snežana, Nedeljković, Zorica, Likov, Laura & Vujić, Ante, 2020, Descriptions of two new species of the genus Paragus Latreille (Diptera: Syrphidae) with a key to males of all South African species, Zootaxa 4780 (2), pp. 341-355 : 350

Key to males of South African species of the genus Paragus

1 Eyes with 2 or 3 vertical vittae of pile..................................................................... 2

- Eyes with uniformly distributed pile (subgenus Pandasyopthalmus )............................................. 3

2 Posterior margin of scutellum without teeth; abdomen broad, terga laterally fused (subgenus Afroparagus ); terminalia as in Figs 9 E–G: lingula absent ( Fig. 9F ).............................................. Paragus borbonicus Macquart, 1842

- Posterior margin of scutellum with distinct teeth (subgenus Serratoparagus ); terminalia ( Figs 9 A–D): epandrium ( Figs 9 A–B) with bulge next to the cercus in lateral view ( Fig. 9B marked with arrow); hypandrium with developed lingula ( Fig. 9C )........................................................................ Paragus capricorni Stuckenberg, 1954b

3 Abdomen petiolate ( Fig. 8A )............................................................................ 4

- Abdomen parallel sided, never distinctly petiolate ( Fig. 8B ).................................................... 7

4 Terminalia: paramere boomerang-shaped ( Figs 10E : p, 10G: p)................................................. 5

- Terminalia: paramere broad in the base, tapering towards the apex ( Figs 10A : p, 10C: p)............................. 6

5 Terminalia: surstylus rhomboid-shape apically ( Fig. 10G : s), paramere with slender apex ( Fig. 10G : p); ejaculatory apodeme as in Fig. 10H ................................................................ Paragus longiventris Loew, 1858

- Terminalia: surstylus trapezoid-shape apically ( Fig. 10E : s), paramere with rounded apex ( Fig. 10E : p); ejaculatory apodeme as in Fig. 10F .................................................................... Paragus minutus Hull, 1938

6 Basoflagellomere shorter (two times longer than scape and pedicel together) ( Fig. 11A ); terminalia: paramere broader, with pointed apex ( Fig. 10A : p)...................................................... Paragus marshalli Bezzi, 1915

- Basoflagellomere more elongated (three times longer than scape and pedicel together) ( Fig. 11B ); terminalia ( Figs 10 C–D): paramere narrower, with rounded apex ( Fig. 10C : p).............................. Paragus dolichocerus Bezzi, 1915

7 Cercus enlarged (5.9 times longer than the narrowest part of epandrium in dorsal view) ( Figs 6 A–B)................................................................................................ Paragus megacercus sp. nov.

- Cercus not enlarged................................................................................... 8

8 Posterior margin of sternum 4 medially protruded with two tufts of black pile medially ( Figs 2 C–D: t), boundary between sterna 2 and 3 with medial longitudinal protuberance ( Figs 2 C–D: pr); terminalia as in Fig. 3 ......... Paragus longipilus sp. nov.

- Posterior margin of sternum 4 simple, boundary between sterna 2 and 3 without medial longitudinal protuberance........ 9

9 Terminalia ( Figs 10 I–J): surstylus narrow in the base, expanding medially, tapering towards the apex ( Fig. 10I : s); abdomen completely black, terga with white erect pile on anterior half and with black adpressed pile on posterior half.......................................................................................... Paragus punctatus Hull, 1949

- Terminalia ( Figs 10 K–L): surstylus same width along its length ( Fig. 10K : s); abdomen black with orange markings on terga, terga only with white pile.................................................. Paragus haemorrhous Meigen, 1822

Figures

FIGURE 2. Paragus longipilus sp. nov., male, holotype. A lateral view, B dorsal view, C abdomen, lateral view, D abdomen ventro-lateral view. Legend: pr, medial longitudinal protuberance; t, tufts of black pile. Scale bar, 1 mm.

FIGURE 3. Paragus longipilus sp. nov., holotype, male terminalia. A, B epandrium, C, D hypandrium, E ejaculatory apodeme. A, D lateral view, B, E dorsal view, C ventral view. Legend: aa, aedeagal apodeme; ae, aedeagus; ce, cercus; l, lingula; la, lateral lobe of aedeagus; p, paramere; s, surstylus. B arrow marked inner spine of surstylus. C, D arrow marked lateral spine of para- mere. Scale bar, 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 6. Paragus megacercus sp. nov., holotype, male terminalia.A, B epandrium, C, D hypandrium, E ejaculatory apodeme. A, D lateral view, B, E dorsal view, C ventral view. Legend: aa, aedeagal apodeme; ae, aedeagus; ce, cercus; l, lingula; la, lateral lobe of aedeagus; p, paramere; s, surstylus; ss, sperm sac. Scale bar, 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 8. Male abdomen. A Paragus longiventris, B Paragus punctatus. Scale bar, 1 mm.

FIGURE 9. Male terminalia. A, B, C, D Paragus capricorni, E, F, G Paragus borbonicus. A, B, E, epandrium, C, F hypandrium, D, G ejaculatory apodeme. A, E, D, G dorsal view, B, C, F, lateral view. Legend: s, surstylus; ce, cercus; l, lingula. Scale bar, 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 10. Male terminalia, lateral view. A, B Paragus marshalli, C, D Paragus dolichocerus, E, F Paragus minutus, G, H Paragus longiventris, I, J Paragus punctatus, K, L Paragus haemorrhous. A, C, E, G, I, K epandrium and hypandrium. B, D, F, H, K, L ejaculatory apodeme. Legend: p, paramera; l, lingula; s, surstylus; ce, cercus. Scale bar, 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 11. Male head, lateral view. A Paragus marshalli, B Paragus dolichocerus. Scale bar, 1.5 mm.