Platystoma pubescens Loew, 1845

Bodner, L. & Freidberg, A., 2016, Taxonomy and immature stages of the Platystomatidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea) of Israel, Zootaxa 4171 (2), pp. 201-245 : 224-227

Platystoma pubescens Loew, 1845

( Figs. 15 , 26 , 37 , 48 , 59 , 70, 84)

Platystoma pubescens Loew, 1845: 36 .

Selected references: Hendel, 1913: 95 (monograph of Platystoma ); Hennig, 1945: 27 (palaearctic Platystomatidae ); Mesci & Hasbenli, 2015: 807 ( Platystoma fauna of Turkey).

Diagnosis. Within the Israeli fauna, this species is similar to Platystoma dalia n. sp., but is readily distinguished from it by the following characters: T5 of the male 1.25–1.85 times as long as T4 and shorter than T4 and T3 combined, as opposed to 4.69–6.90 times as long as T4 and conspicuously longer than T4 and T3 combined; T4 of the female 0.76–0.92 times as long as T3, as opposed to 1.26–1.52 times as long as T3; ventral half of face medially with narrow stripe of microtrichia, as opposed to broad area of microtrichia; two spermathecae present, as opposed to three.

Redescription. Head ( Figs. 15 , 26 ): Color and vestiture: Head mostly reddish-brown to dark brown, with pale brown areas. Frons microtrichose medially, at orbits and around bases of orbital and vertical setae. Ocellar triangle delimited by thin yellowish line of microtrichia. Lunule orange-brown to dark brown, sometimes yellowish brown dorsally, with yellowish median line of microtrichia. Antenna mostly brown to dark brown, densely microtrichose (less pronounced in certain angles); pedicel yellowish anterodorsally. Face: dorsal 0.5 microtrichose excluding shiny black areas at antennal groove and between pedicels; ventral 0.5 mostly shiny black with yellowish to dark brown areas sublaterally, and with narrow median line of microtrichia. Clypeus blackish with microtrichose spots: 1 (pair) dorsomedially, 1 (pair) dorsolaterally, 1 (pair) ventrolaterally, and 1 broad spot ventromedially. Palpus dark brown to black with yellowish base. Chaetotaxy: 2 (pairs) orbital setae and 1 (pair) postocellar seta present. Lunule setulose. Postgena yellowish to pale brown setulose, with long setulae anteroventrally, and shorter thinner setulae posteriorly. Occiput setulose as postgena posteriorly. Ratios: Head: 1.36–1.62; frons anterior: 1.31–1.77; frons posterior: 1.31–1.68; ocellar triangle/frons: 0.30–0.45; eye: 1.88–2.22; 1st flagellomere: 1.33–2.33; gena/eye: 0.24– 0.32; parafacial/gena: 0.13–0.19; posterior orbital/anterior orbital: 1.29–2.67; medial vertical/lateral vertical: 1.03– 1.21; posterior orbital/medial vertical: 0.45–0.82; ocellar/medial vertical: 0.41–0.58; postocellar/medial vertical: 0.30–0.48; ocellar/ocellar triangle: 1.00–1.62.

Thorax: Color and vestiture: Thorax metallic black, inconspicuously grayish microtrichose. Scutum with 3 or 5 microtrichia stripes. Postpronotal lobe ground color usually black, sometimes reddish posteriorly. Posterior corner of postpronotal lobe and median articulation of anepisternum and katepisternum, shiny pale brown, or reddish. Scutellum microtrichose marginally excluding setae bases, sometimes with large microtrichose spot anteromedially. Subscutellum bronze or black metallic, inconspicuously microtrichose. Anepisternum with homogenous reticulated pattern of microtrichia. Katepisternum without microtrichia, except wide microtrichose stripe dorsally. Chaetotaxy: Postpronotal lobe with 1 (rarely 2) seta, and with yellowish setulae anteriorly and black setulae posteriorly. Presutural supra-alar seta either setula-like, or absent. Postsutural supra-alar seta present. 3 (rarely 4) pairs of scutellar setae present. Anepisternum with short brown setulae. Katepisternum mostly moderately long, yellowish to pale brown setulose, with longer setulae ventrally (several of which thick and setalike). Ratios: Scutum: 0.84–0.97; presutural supra-alar/intra-alar: 0.31–0.34; postsutural supra-alar/intra-alar: 0.39–0.61; postalar/intra-alar: 1.02–1.29.

Legs: Color and vestiture: Leg type dark. Tarsi with yellowish areas as in genus. Coxae dorsally with fine microtrichia. Femora inconspicuously microtrichose. Chaetotaxy: Coxae anterodorsally and ventrally with mixed white and black setulae. Trochanters ventrally with brown setulae. Femora pale brown to blackish setulose: fore femur with anterodorsally short and posteroventrally long setulae; mid and hind femora mostly short setulose, with long setulae posterodistally and ventrally. Hind metatarsus and 2nd tarsomere with yellowish setulae ventrally.

Wing ( Fig. 37 ): Pattern: Reticulate, with small to medium-size hyaline spots scattered more or less uniformly on proximal 0.5 of wing and non-uniformly on distal 0.5, forming 2 spotted bands; larger such spots mostly around periphery of wing. Combined area of hyaline spots less than combined area of pigmented pattern. Pattern with more or less discrete transverse dark bands extending from costa to hind margin of wing: 1 band from distal edge of pterostigma, aligned with crossvein R-M and nearly extending to crossvein DM-Cu, ending in the middle of posterior margin of cell cu1; 3 somewhat oblique bands beyond level of crossvein DM-Cu: Proximal two merged in cell r4+5; apical band C-shaped. Costal cell subhyaline to hyaline with 3–4 large, partially merged, dark spots. Venation: Veins generally pale to dark brown; axillary sclerites, stem vein and base of costa from proximal edge to costagial break, dark brown. Vein M ends slightly posterior to wing tip. Dorsal calypter slightly narrower than ventral calypter, with conspicuously longer fringes. Halter base and stem yellowish to pale brown, knob dark brown. Chaetotaxy: Base of costa near costagial break, with ventral seta. Tegula with moderately long setulae and setae. Ratios: Wing: 2.54–2.80.

Abdomen: Structure: Male T4 slightly shorter than T3 (or about as long) and shorter than T5. Female T4 slightly longer than T3 or T5. Color and vestiture: Abdomen mostly shiny black, with microtrichia scattered mostly over distal 0.5 of T5 and sparsely over T4. Male terminalia ( Figs. 48 , 59 , 70): Epandrium broad and robust; ventral concavity narrow and deep; subepandrial sclerite anteriorly broadened, mostly enclosed by epandrium laterally, except slightly exposed anterior apex; lateral surstylus bulbous, strongly curved mesally; medial surstylus ambiguous. Terminal filaments equally long, and shorter than distiphallus. Female terminalia (Fig. 84): 2 spermathecae present; spermatheca short ovoid, more or less smooth. Ratios: Male: T3/T4: 0.81–1.18; T4/T5: 0.54–0.80; T3+4/T5: 1.14–1.26; epandrium: 0.64–0.74; preglans: 1.00–1.38; glans: 1.82–2.00; preglans/glans: 0.39–0.43; acrophallus/preglans+glans: 3.71–4.90; distiphallus/preglans+glans: 6.89–8.97. Female: T3/T4: 1.06– 1.24; T4/T5: 1.06–1.31; T3+4/T5: 2.38–2.85; aculeus: 4.67–5.00; cercal unit: 2.20–2.88; cercal unit/aculeus: 0.21– 0.23.

Measurements (mm). Body length: 3.20–5.50; wing length: 3.10–3.90.

Material examined. ISRAEL: Avivim, 18.iv.1981, AF (2Ƌ, 1♀) ; Sasa, 18.iv.1981, AF (5Ƌ, 10♀); Hurfeish, 7.iv.1987, Y. Zvik, on Phlomis viscosa , (1♀), I. Nussbaum (1Ƌ); Rihaniya, 16.iv.1992, AF (1Ƌ); Hanita, 6.iii. [19]78, Y. Hadar (1♀); Yir'on, 17.iv.2000, AF (13Ƌ, 3♀); Meron (' Har / Mt. Meron', or ' Meiron' ): 1100m, 32°59.7'N 35°24.7'E , 14.iv.2011, L. Bodner (1♀), [ Jermak ] , 16.iv. [19]63, Margalit (1Ƌ), 950m, 18.iv.1984, I. Nussbaum (1♀), 20.iv.1972, AF (3Ƌ, 1♀), [ Har Meron Reserve ], ' En Zeved, 32°59'N 35°26'E , 24.iv.2002, AF (3Ƌ, 4♀), L. Friedman (2♀), [ Meron Reserve ], Bet haYa'aran, 1100m, 32°59'N 35°24'E , 25.iv.2002, AF (1Ƌ), 1100m, 27.iv. [19]84, I. Yarom (1♀), 1100m, 30.iv.1981, AF (6Ƌ, 2♀), F. Kaplan (1Ƌ, 1♀), [ Jermak ] , 1.v. [19]66, J. Kugler (1♀), 7.v.1967, J. Kugler (1♀), 14.v.1974, AF (1Ƌ); Montfort, 10.iv.1993, AF (1Ƌ); Zefat, 3.iv.1971, AF (5Ƌ, 3♀); Nahal Qetalav, 26.iv.2012, L. Friedman (1♀); Qazrin, 9.iv.1987, I. Nussbaum (1♀); Kefar Shamay, 5.v.1987, F. Kaplan (1♀); 'En Zetim, 33°00'N 35°29'E, 8.v.2007, AF (1Ƌ); N[ahal] Dishon: 14.iv. [19]83, I. Zvik (2Ƌ, 3♀), 25.iv.1974, D. Furth (1Ƌ); N[ahal] 'Ammud: 17.iii.1973, D. Furth (1Ƌ), 18.iii.1974, M. Kaplan (1♀), 31.iii. [19]82, I. Nussbaum (1Ƌ, 2♀); 'En Pelugot, 16.iv.1973, D. Furth (1Ƌ, 3♀); Gilboa, Har Avinadav, 20.iii.2012, L. Bodner (4Ƌ); Qoranit, 32°51'N 35°16'E, 1.v.2007, Ben-Mordechai, Malaise Trap, (1♀); Yagur [Jagur], 22.iii.1956, J. Kugler (1Ƌ); Haifa [Haifa] : 15.ii.1970, AF (2Ƌ, 1♀), 26.ii.1977, AF (1Ƌ), 7.iii.1969, AF (1Ƌ), 7.iii.1981, AF (1♀), 14.iii.1970, AF (5Ƌ, 4♀), 30.iii.1968, AF (1♀), 1.iv.1972, AF (1♀); Karmel [Carmel]: 14.ii.1976, AF (4Ƌ, 5♀), 6.iii.1971, AF (11Ƌ, 4♀), 12.iii. [19]86, C. O'Toole (1♀), 24.iii.1973, AF (2Ƌ); Nahal Oren [N. Oren]: 4.iii.1975, F. Kaplan (2Ƌ), 9.iii.2012, AF (2Ƌ, 3♀); 'En [Ein] Hod, 30.iii.1982, I. Yarom (1Ƌ, 2♀); Zikhron Ya'aqov, 1.iv.1998, AF (1♀); Nahal 'Iron [W. Ara]: 2.iii.1978, AF (2Ƌ, 3♀); 19.iii.1974, AF (1♀); 23.iii.1973, D. Furth (1♀); Ramat Dawid, 14.iii.1981, T. Furman (1Ƌ); Umm Zuqa Nature Reserve, Rt. 5788, 18.iii.2008, L. Friedman (1Ƌ); Anabta, 25.iv.1981, AF (1Ƌ); Kokhav Ya'ir, 32°14'N 34°59'E, 21.iii.2011, AF (1♀); Yarhiv [Yarhiv], 24.iii. [19]83, AF (6Ƌ, 7♀), I. Yarom (3Ƌ, 2♀); Qedumim, 8.iii.2013, L. Friedman (1Ƌ); 27.iii.2005, L. Friedman (2♀); 9.iv.2012, L. Friedman (2♀); Har Gerizim, 881m, 4.iv.2013, L. Friedman (1Ƌ, 1♀); Yizhar, Salman Farsi Nat. Res., 881m, 4.iv.2013, L. Friedman (1Ƌ, 1♀); Yaqqir [Yakir], 4.iv.1981, AF (4Ƌ, 10♀), F. Kaplan (1Ƌ); Rosh ha'Ayin, 31.iii.2006, W. Kuslitzky (3♀); Park Rosh ha'Ayin, 16.iv.1993, AF & F. Kaplan (6Ƌ, 5♀); Migdal Afeq [Zedek], 23.iii.1984, I. Nussbaum (2Ƌ); 24.iii. [19]83, I. Nussbaum (1Ƌ); Nahshonim, 20.iii. [19]84, AF (1Ƌ); Zomet Rantis [Rantis Junction], near Nahshonim, 13.iv.1999, AF (1Ƌ, 3♀); Pedu'el, Deir Qala', 27.iii.2013, L. Friedman (8Ƌ, 2♀); Shilo, Nahal Shilo, 10.iv.2012, L. Friedman (19Ƌ, 13♀); Dolev-Talmon, Nahal Dolvim, 8.iv.2012, L. Friedman (7Ƌ, 4♀); Shoham: 2.iii.2004, I. Zonstein (1Ƌ), 15.iii.2013, L. Friedman (3Ƌ, 1♀), 18.iii.2005, S. Gal & N. Feuerstein (1Ƌ), 18.iii.2011, L. Bodner (3Ƌ, 1♀), 22.iii.2012, L. Friedman (1Ƌ), 32°00'N 34°57'E, 30.iii.2012, A. Danilevsky (1♀), 31.iii.2006, L. Friedman (5Ƌ); Bet Nehemya [Beit Nehemia], 6.iv.1984, I. Nussbaum (4Ƌ, 2♀); Mishmar Dawid: 31°49'N 34°54'E, 3.iv.2009, W. Kuslitzky (1Ƌ), 3.iv.2010, W. Kuslitzky (1Ƌ), 9.iv.2009, W. Kuslitzky (1Ƌ, 1♀); Latrun: 10.iii.2004, AF (1Ƌ), 29.iii.1973, D. Furth (2♀); Park Canada, 29.iii.1992, AF (8Ƌ, 4♀) ; Qidron, 1.iv. [19]83, (1♀); Bet Shemesh: 24.iii. [19]83, I. Yarom (4Ƌ), AF (2Ƌ, 1♀), 30.iii.2004, I. Zonstein (1Ƌ), 26.iv.1973, D. Furth (2Ƌ, 1♀); 'Emeq haEla: 31°41'N 34°58'E, 4.iv.2007, AF (2Ƌ), [Emeq Haela], 10.iv.2006, A. Abada (1♀); 12.iv.2009, AF (1Ƌ); Zekharya [Zecharia/Kefar Zecharia], 26.iii.1978, AF (1Ƌ), 3.iv.1988, I. Yarom (1♀), 18.iv.1984, I. Yarom (1Ƌ, 1♀); Etanim [Eitanim], 8.iv.1985, I. Nussbaum (6Ƌ, 3♀); Matta', 18.iii.2007, L. Friedman (2♀); Har Tayyasim, 740m, 31°46.3'N 35°05.1'E, 27.iii.2011, E. Morgulis (2Ƌ, 1♀), AF (3Ƌ), L. Friedman (1Ƌ, 2♀); Yerushalayim: Me Neftoah, 640m, 31°47.9'N 35°11.7'E , 27.iii.2011, AF (5Ƌ, 2♀), L. Friedman (2Ƌ), [Jerusalem] , 20.iv. [19]57, M. Ginsburg (1♀), Har haZofim [ Mt. Scopus , Jerusalem, Palestine] , 20.iv. [19]30, O. Theodor (2Ƌ); Qiryat [Q.] 'Anavim, 17.iv.1974, D. Furth (2Ƌ); Nahal Kefira [Vadi Kabala, Judaean highlands, Palestine] , 30.iv. [19]47, Com. Inst. Ent. Coll. No.12720, (1♀), [ Platystoma pubescens Loew, Det. R. W. Crosskey ]; Q[K]iryat Gat, 19.iv.1977, AF (1Ƌ); Bet [Beit] Guvrin, 24.iii. [19]83, I. Yarom (1♀), 24.iii.1976, AF (1♀), 29.iii.1992, AF (9Ƌ, 7♀), 31.iii.1975, AF (9Ƌ, 7♀), F. Kaplan (2Ƌ), 31.iii.1981, AF (2Ƌ, 5♀); Nahal Hever [N.Chever], 14.iii.1975, J. Kugler (1Ƌ). European specimens: Hungary: Budapest, Kertész, Platystoma pubescens Lw. , det. À. Soós, 1977 (1Ƌ) ; Budapest, Farkasvölgy, 28– 29.iv.1957, leg. Mihàlyi, Platystoma pubescens Lw. , det. À. Soós, 1976 (1♀) ; Rimaszombat, Szabé 1914, Platystoma pubescens Lw. , det. À. Soós, 1977 (1Ƌ); Tihany , 6–11.v.1957, leg. Mihàlyi & Zsirko, keletl part, Platystoma pubescens Lw. , det. À. Soós, 1976 (1♀); Austria: Bisaniberg, 18.v. [18]84, [ Platystoma ] pubescens det.

Mik, received 1986, Tel Aviv University (1Ƌ) ; Cyprus:. ii.1936, Platystoma pubescens , det. L. Czerny, received 1986, Tel Aviv University (1Ƌ, 2♀) .

Type locality. Rhodes ( Greece).

Distribution. Southeastern Europe and Eastern Mediterranean: Greece (Rhodes), Austria, Italy, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Cyprus and Israel.

Distribution in Israel. Galilee, Carmel Ridge, Central Coastal Plain, Foothills of Judea, Judean Hills, Samaria, Jordan Valley and Judean Desert.

Adult activity in Israel. February to May.

Comments. The specimens from Israel of this species generally matched Platystoma pubescens in Hennig's key (1945) when ignoring couplet 1, in which Hennig obviously erred in his count of the supra-alar setae. There was also a difficulty in couplet 45 regarding the tergite ratio of the male (T5 3–5 times as long as T4). The Israeli specimens, however, differ from Hennig's redescription (1945) and from specimens from the type country by the tergite ratio. Specimens of P. pubescens from Europe showed a certain variability between the localities: specimens from countries closer to Israel (i.e., Cyprus) resembled the Israeli specimens more closely than those from more distant regions of Europe (i.e., Hungary and Austria). Despite the uncertainty regarding the identification and taxonomic position of these European specimens, we nonetheless consider that the Israeli specimens are, in fact, Platystoma pubescens .

Figures

FIGURES 8 – 18. Head, frontal view. 8. Platystoma arcuatum. 9. P. dalia. 10. P. dimidiatum. 11. P. elizabethae. 12. P. geula. 13. P. malatiense. 14. P. nitidiventre. 15. P. pubescens. 16. P. torridum. 17. P. trigonum. 18. Rivellia israelica. Postocular setae not always visible in this view.

FIGURES 19 – 29. Head, lateral view. 19. Platystoma arcuatum. 20. P. dalia. 21. P. dimidiatum. 22. P. elizabethae. 23. P. geula. 24. P. malatiense. 25. P. nitidiventre. 26. P. pubescens. 27. P. torridum. 28. P. trigonum. 29. Rivellia israelica.

FIGURES 30 – 40. Wing. 30. Platystoma arcuatum. 31. P. dalia. 32. P. dimidiatum. 33. P. elizabethae. 34. P. g e ul a. 35. P. malatiense. 36. P. nitidiventre. 37. P. pubescens. 38. P. torridum. 39. P. trigonum. 40. Rivellia israelica.

FIGURES 41 – 51. Epandrial complex, ventral view. 41. Platystoma arcuatum. 42. P. dalia. 43. P. dimidiatum. 44. P. elizabethae. 45. P. g e ul a. 46. P. malatiense. 47. P. nitidiventre. 48. P. pubescens. 49. P. torridum. 50. P. trigonum. 51. Rivellia israelica.

FIGURES 52 – 62. Epandrial complex, lateral view. 52. Platystoma arcuatum. 53. P. dalia. 54. P. dimidiatum. 55. P. elizabethae. 56. P. g e ul a. 57. P. malatiense. 58. P. nitidiventre. 59. P. pubescens. 60. P. torridum. 61. P. trigonum. 62. Rivellia israelica.