Xylota, Meigen, 1822

Jeong, Soo-Hyun & Han, Ho-Yeon, 2019, A taxonomic revision of the genus Xylota Meigen (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Korea, Zootaxa 4661 (3), pp. 457-493 : 469-472

Xylota fo Hull

(Korean name: keun-ru-ri-heo-ri-kkot-deung-e)

Figs 1N, O 2N, O , 4 O–W, 10A–D, 13N

Species new to Korea

Xylota fo Hull, 1944: 45 (type locality: China, Yunnan, San-nen-kai; holotype ♂, USNM); Hippa, 1978: 71 (illustration); Mutin & Barkalov, 1999: 492 (in Russian Far East key).

Diagnosis. Among Korean Xylota species, X. fo looks almost identical to X. coquilletti and X. spurivulgaris . However, both sexes of X. coquilletti could be separated from those of the other two species by the characteristics listed in the Diagnosis of X. coquilletti . Males of X. fo could be further distinguished by the elongated calcar on metatrochanter (at least twice as long as basal width) ( Fig. 4Q ) while X. spurivulgaris males do have much shorter calcar ( Fig. 6K ). Unfortunately, we were not able to separate females of these two species ( Figs 1N , 2N ).

Description of Korean material. MALE. Body length 9.6–12.5mm; wing length 7.5–8.8mm; brown to dark brown species. Head black; face with dense yellow pollinosity; frons anterior to eye contiguity with dense yellow pollinosity ( Fig. 1O ); area anterior to ocellar triangle (vertical triangle anterior to ocellar triangle) bare but posterior area covered with yellow pile ( Fig. 2O ). Thorax entirely black ( Fig. 4O ); scutum subshiny black with short appressed yellow pile; anterior anepisternum covered with yellowish pollinosity; posterior anepisternum with heavy white pollinosity and white pile (upper 1/2 mixed with yellow pile); katepisternum moderately covered with whitepollinosity, dorsal posterior area with yellowish white pile; notopleuron with yellow pile; scutal area anterior to wing base with black pile; postalar callus with long yellow pile; metasternum bare with yellowish white pollinosity. Wing hyaline except for pale brown pterostigma; halter pale yellow ( Fig. 4S ). Legs: femora black; pro- and mesotibiae yellow with about apical half brownish; pro- and mesotarsomeres 1–3 yellow, tarsomeres 4 and 5 brown; metatrochanter ventrally with elongated and sharp calcar (at least twice as long as basal width) ( Fig. 4Q ); apico-ventral 1/3 of metafemur with two carinae covered with spinose setulae, remaining ventral area with two rows of spinose setae except for basal 1/5 (anterior row cover whole length but posterior row reach to middle), antero-dorsally and postero-ventrally with long white and yellow mixed pile, apico-dorsal 1/3 area with black setulae; metatibia dark brown with basal 1/3 yellow, baso-ventral 1/3 with irregular rows of short and stout black setulae; metatarsomere 1–3 brown, tarsomeres 4 and 5 black ( Fig. 4Q ). Abdomen about 3x longer than wide, tergum 2 posterior slightly constricted ( Figs 2O , 4O ); terga 2 and 3 each laterally with pair of lateral facing triangular areas covered by yellow erect pile other areas of terga 2 and 3 black with appressed short black pile ( Fig. 2O ). Male genitalia ( Figs 10 A–D, 13N): surstylus with dorsal lobe bulged out in middle, twice as long as ventral lobe, long finger shaped and slightly bent downward in lateral view, densly covered with spinose setulae ( Fig. 10 A–C); ventral lobe of surstylus blunt but distinctly projected, dorso-apically with short setulae ( Fig. 10 A–C); cercus cordated in profile with long pale pile ( Fig. 10 A–C); lingula indistinct ( Fig. 13N ); fenestra large and elliptic in outline ( Fig. 10B, C ); spur of superior lobe reduced( Fig. 13N ); superior lobe almost symmetrical; lateral arm of theca apically with number of short but strong club-shaped setae, dorsally round and apico-ventrally serrated with four denticles ( Fig. 10B, C ); aedeagus with ejaculatory hood medially with furrow in postero-ventral view, dorsally round ( Fig. 10D ); ejaculatory process short ( Fig. 10D ); ejaculatory apodeme apically enlarged and bowl shaped.

FEMALE. Since we were not able to separate females of X. fo and X. spurivulgaris , following female characteristics are those of both species different from males: 1) frons with about anterior 1/3 shiny black and bare, with posterior 2/3 shiny black and covered with yellowish pile, medially with pair of areas of white pollinosity ( Fig.1N ); 2) abdominal terga almost parallel-sided ( Figs 2N , 4P ); 3) metafemur covered with sparser stout spinose setae ( Fig. 4R ) and 4) metatrochanter without calcar.

Material examined (males only). SOUTH KOREA: Chungcheongbuk-do : 1♂, Chungwon-gun, Namsung-my- eon Mt. Inkyungsan , 15.VIII.1997, HY Han et al. Chungcheongnam-do : 1♂, Boryeong-si, Cheongla-myeon, Janghy- eon-ri, Mt. Oseosan 790m peak from Weolieongsa Temple , 20.VII.1999, HY Han et al .; 1♂, Seosan-si, Daesan-eup, Daesan-ri , Mangil , 29.VIII.2009, HY Han et al. Gyeonggi-do : 1♂, Gwangju-si, Docheok-myeon, Sangim-ri , Mt. Taehwasan , 14.IX.2012, HY Han et al. Gangwon-do : 1♂, Chuncheon-si, Namsan-myeon, Gangchon , 19. VI.1974, DH Yang ( KUK) ; 1♂, Gangneung-si, Okgye-myeon, Sangye-ri , 7.X.2010, HS Lee et al .; 1♂, Hoengsung-gun, Gapchun-myeon, Yangjimal , N37°18’44” E127°18’36”, 22. VI.1998, DS Choi ; 1♂, Inje-gun , buk-myeon, Yong- dae-ri, N38°57’21” E128°21’23”, 28.VIII.2011, DS Oh ( NIBR) ; 1♂, Inje-gun, Girin-myeon, Mt. Jeombongsan , from Jindong-ri to Gombaeryeong , 29.V.1999, HY Han et al .; 1♂, Samcheok Dogye-eup Dogye-ri from Amisa Temple to Dudugol , 7. VI.2003, DS Choi et al .; 1♂, ditto, 8. VI.2003, DS Choi et al .; 1♂, Samcheok Dogye-eup from Gwangmyeong-sa to Sangdeok-ri. 7. VI.2003, DS Choi et al .; 2♂, Wonju-si Panbu-myeon, Seogok-ri, Mt. Baegunsan from Yongsu-gol to 1087.1m peak, 1. VI.2009, SW Suk et al .; 1♂, Wonju-si, Heungeop-myeon, Maejiri , Hoechon , 25.V.1998, HW Byun et al .; 1♂, Wonju-si, Heungeop-myeon, Maeji-ri , Yonsei Univ. Wonju Campus , 10. VI.1996, HW Byun ; 1♂, ditto, 25.V.1997, HW Byun ; 1♂, ditto, 17.V.1998, HW Byun ; 1♂, ditto, 19.V.1998, HW Byun ; 1♂, ditto, 12. VI.1998, HY Han et al .; 1♂, ditto, 14. VI.1998, HW Byun et al .; 1♂, ditto, 15. VI.2006, JS Lim ; 1♂, ditto, 4.VIII.2008, SW Suk et al .; 4♂, ditto, 24.V.2009, DJ Cha and HS Lee ; 2♂, ditto, DJ Cha and YB Lee, 25.V.2009 ; 2♂, ditto, 27.V.2009, JM Jung ; 1♂, ditto, 30.V.2009, Cha et al .; 1♂, ditto, 2. VI.2009, HS Lee et al .; 1♂, ditto, 9.VIII.2009, DJ Cha et al .; 1♂, ditto, 28.VIII.2009, DJ Cha and YB Lee. Gyeonggi-do : 1♂, Cheongpyeong , 6. VI.1987, LHS ( SNU) ; 1♂, Gapyoung-gun , 12.IX.1993, YK Yang ( SNU) ; 1♂, Gimpo-si, Wolgot-myeon, Mt. Munsusan , 1.VII.1987. JI Kim ( SWU). Gyeongsangnam-do : 1♂, Daegu-si, Nam-gu, Mt. Apsan , 19. VI.1992, YM Kim ( YNU). Jeollanam-do : 1♂, Haenam-gun, Samsan-myeon, Mt. Duryunsan from Daeheungsa to 703m peak, 9.VIII.2003, HY Han et al .; 1♂, Suncheon-si, Songwang-myeon, Mt. Jogyesan , 26.VIII.2008, HS Lee et al .

Additional material examined (mixed females of X. fo and X. spurivulgaris ; see Diagnosis and Remarks). SOUTH KOREA: Chungcheongbuk-do: 1♀, Chungju-si, Jongmin-dong, Mt. Gyemyeongsan (775m) peak, 3. VI .2004, HY Byun et al.; 1♀, ditto, 13.IX.2007, SW Suk et al .; 1♀, Chungju-si, Sotae-myeon, Deokeun-ri , Nam- hangang river side, 11.X.2002, DS Choi et al .; 1♀, Chungwon-gun, Namsung-myeon, Mt. Inkyung , 15.VIII.1997, HY Han et al .; 1♀, Chungcheongnam-do : 1♀, Boryeong-si, Cheongla-myeon, Janghyeon-ri , Mt. Oseosan 790.7m peak from Weolieongsa temple, 20.VII.1999, HY Han et al. Jeollabuk-do : 5♀, Namwon-si, Sannae-myeon, Mt. Jirisan , Baemsagol (646m), 11. VI .–11.VII.2001, DS Ku; 1♀, ditto 26.VII.–26.VIII.2013, JS Ahn and SW Choi ( NIBR). Jeollanam-do : 1♀, Gurye-gun, Mt. Jirisan, Nogodan , 11.IX.1998, HY Han and KE Ro ; 1♀, Gwangyang-si, Jinsang-myeon, Eochi-ri , Mt. Baekunsan , Naehoe valley , N36°06’16” E127°39’10”, 20.IX.2012, HS Lee et al .; 1♀, Haenam-gun, samsan-myeon, Mt. Duryunsan from Daeheungsa temple 703m peak, 9.VII.2003, HY Han ; 1♀, Hae- nam-gun, Samsan-myeon, Daeheungsa temple, JS Jang, 12.VII.1986 ( NIBR) ; 1♀, Seungju-gun, Seonamsa temple, 22. VI .1987, JI Kim. Jeju-do : 1♀, Jeju-si, Haean-dong , N33°24’56” E126°29’08”, 18.IX.2010, HS Lee et al. Gangwon-do : 1♀, Cheolwon-gun, Dongsong-eup, Gangsan-ri , Dongsong reservoir, 27.VIII.2010, SW Park ( NIBR) ; 1♀, Goseong-gun, Ganseong-eup, Sottongyeong , 21.X.2008, HS Lee and DJ Cha ; 1♀, Donghae-si, Sanhwa-dong , Mu- reung valley, N37°28’02” E129°01’53”, 14.V.2011, SW Suk et al .; 1♀, ditto, 11. VI .2012, SW Suk et al.; 1 ♀, Hoengseong-gun, Anheung-myeon, Mt. Chiaksan frm Gangrim 4-ri to Cheonjibong , N37°23’51” E128°05’23”, 9.VI–20. VI .2013, HY Han et al.; 1♀, ditto, 22.VIII.2013, HS Lee et al .; 1♀, Hongcheon-gun, Nae-myeon , Bang- nae-ri, 9.IX.2007, JS Lim et al .; 1♀, Hongcheon-gun, Nae-myeon, Changchon-ri , 9.IX.2007, JS Lim et al .; 1♀, Hongcheon-gun, Nae-myeon, Gachilbong from Sambongyaksu to 1240m peak, 12.VIII.2003, DS Choi and JS Soh ; 1♀, Hongcheon-gun, Nae-myeon, Mt. Gyebangsan , Unduryeong , N37°43’41” E128°27’55”, 15.VII.2010, SW Suk et al .; 1♀, Hwachun-gun, Sannae-myeon, Gwangduk-dong , Mt. Gwangduksan , 20.VIII.1998, HW Byun et al .; 2♀, ditto, 29.VIII.2000 , CH Park and DW Kim ; 1♀, Inje-gun, Buk-myeon, East balley of Mt. Maebongsan , 25.VIII.1998, HY Han et al .; 1♀, Inje-gun, Buk-myeon, Yongdae-ri , N38°13’21” E128°21’49”, 28.VIII.2011, DS Oh ( NIBR) ; 1♀, Inje-gun, Goseong-gun, Goseong-eup , 8.X.2008, HS Lee et al .; 1♀, Inje-gun, Girin-myeon, Mt. Jeombong-san from Jindong-ri to 1424m peak. 24. VI .2009, SW Suk et al.; 1♀, Jeongseon-gun, Jeongseon-eup, Mt. Gariwangsan , N37°25’48” E128°31’48”, 14.V–14.VII.2008, JE Yeo et al. ( NIBR) ; 2♀, Jeongseon-gun, Jeongseon-eup, Mt. Gari- wangsan, N37°27’40” E128°33’48”, 4. VI .2013, HS Lee et al.; 1♀, Jeongseon-gun, Jeongseon-eup, Nam-myeon , Mt. Mindungsan , from Yupyung-ri to 1119m peak, 9.VIII.2001. HY Han and KE Ro ; 1♀, ditto, 31.V.2006, HY Han et al .; 1♀, ditto, 25.V.2012, HY Han et al .; 1♀, ditto, 24.V.2014, YB Lee, SH Jeong and DS Ham ; 1♀, Pyeongchanggun, Bangrim-myeon, Ungyo-ri , N37°26’17” E128°19’11”, 24.IX.2010, SW Suk et al .; 1♀, Pyeongchang-gun, Jin- bu-myeon, Tapdong-ri, Mt. Odaesan , 31.VII.–30.VIII.2008, SJ Park et al. ( NIBR) ; 1♀, Samcheok-si, Dogye-eup, from Gwangmyeongsa to Sangdeok-ri , 1.VIII.2003, DS Choi et al .; 1♀, Yeongwol-gun , seo-myeon, ssangyong-ri, 5.V.2003, DS Choi et al .; 2♀, Youngwol-gun, Suju-myeon, Dusan-ri , N37°18’51” E128°11’25”, 30.IX.2010, SW Suk et al .; 1♀, Wonju-si, Maeji-ri, Buron-myeon , Dangang-ri , N37°11’21” E127°49’03”, 5.V.2012, YB Lee et al .; 1♀, Wonju-si, Maeji-ri, Hwaechon , 21.VII.1997, HW Byun and DS Choi ; 2♀, Wonju-si, Heungeop-myeon, Maeji-ri , Yonsei Univ. Wonju Campus , 4.X.2002, DS Choi and HW Byun ; 4♀, ditto, 3.IX.2003, DS Choi and HW Byun ; 1♀, ditto, 19.V.2004, HW Byun ; 1♀, ditto, 4. VI .2004, OY Lim; 1♀, ditto, 23.VII.2004, DS Choi ; 1♀, ditto, 21.VIII.2005, HW Byun ; 1♀, ditto, 15. VI .2006, JS Lim; 1♀, ditto, 14.VIII.2008, DJ Cha and JM Jung ; 2♀, ditto, 30.V.2009, JM Jung and HS Lee ; 1♀, ditto, 26.VII.2011, YB Lee et al .; 1♀, Wonju-si, Panbumyeon, Seogok-ri , Daeyongso-dong, 9. VI .1996, HY Han and HW Byun; 1♀, Wonju-si Panbu-myeon, Seogok-ri, Mt. Baegunsan from Yongsu-gol to 1087.1m peak, 1. VI .2009, SW Suk et al. Gyeonggi-do: 1♀, Gyeonggi-do Gapyeong-gun Cheongpy- eong, 10. VI .1987, YK Cheong; 1♀, Gwangju-si, Docheock-myeon, Sangnim-ri , Mt. Taehwasan , 14.IX.2012, HY Han ; 1♀, Pocheon-si, Mt. Myeongseongsan , GG Kim and NH Ahn, 17.VII.2008 ( NIBR) ; 3♀, Yeongcheon-gun, Jongjasan , 11. VI .–16.VII.2018, NH Ahn and GG Kim ( NIBR). Gyeongsangbuk-do : 1♀, Bonghwa-gun, Myeonghomyeon, Mt. Cheongnyangsan from Ticket offce to 870m peak, 30. VI .2007, HY Han et al.; 1♀, Cheongsong-gun, Hyeonseo-myeon, Galcheon-ri , N36°10’48” E128°56’56”, 29.VIII.2011, SW Suk et al. Gyeongsangnam-do : 1♀, Goeje-si, Dongbu-myeon, Hakdong-ri , 23.V.–24.V.1990, ( NIBR) ; 1♀, Goechang-gun, Namsang-myeon, Ogye-ri , Mt. Gamaksan , Yeonsusa temple, 5.IX.1998, JS Park ( NIBR) ; 1♀, Yangsan-si, Yongdang-dong, Mt. Daeunsna , 3.VII.2009, HS Lee et al .

Distribution. Korea (new record), China, Russian Far East.

Remarks. Xylota coquilletti , X. fo, and X. spurivulgaris are extremely similar to one another. As noted in Diagnosis above, males of all three species and females of X. coquilletti can be distinguished based on subtle characters, but females of X. fo and X. spurivulgaris could not be separated from each other.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Schematic drawings showing head pilosity and pollinosity in Xylota species, dorsal view (A, B) Xylota umbrosa; (C) X. amaculata; (D) X. filipjevi; (E) X. atricoloris; (F) X. hauseri sp. n.; (G, H) X. xanthotarsis sp. n.; (I, J) X. pseudiognava; (K, L) X. coquilletti; (M) X. spurivulgaris; (N) either X. spurivulgaris or X. fo; (O) X. fo; (P) X. abiens; (Q) X. orientiflorum sp. n.; (R, S) X. tarda; (T, U) X. ignava. Areas of pollinosity shown by darkened areas are actually silvery white to yellowish white.

FIGURE 2. Pattern of abdominal terga in Xylota species, dorsal view (A, B) X. umbrosa; (C) X. amaculata; (D) X. filipjevi; (E) X. atricoloris; (F) X. hauseri sp. n.; (G, H) X. xanthotarsis sp. n.; (I, J) X. pseudiognava; (K, L) X. coquilletti; (M) X. spurivulgaris; (N) either X. spurivulgaris or X. fo; (O) X. fo; (P) X. abiens; (Q) X. orientiflorum sp. n.; (R, S) X. tarda; (T, U) X. ignava. (A–O) Grainy areas represent same colored patterns that can be distinguished by having differently oriented and (or) colored pile. These patterns can be best viewed by turning a specimen under a microscope. (P–U) Lighter areas represent lighter colored patterns.

FIGURE 4. Leg, head and body of Xylota species. A–I. X. coquilletti: (A dorsal view, E antero-lateral view) male body; (B) female body; (C) male left metafemur, anterior view with enlargement of metatibia in ventral view; (D) female left metafemur, antero-ventral view; (F, G) male head; (H, I) female head. 4J–N. X. filipjevi: (J, L) male body; (K) male left metafemur, anterior view; (M, N) male head. 4O–W. X. fo: (O) male body; (*P) female body; (Q) male left metafemur, anterior view; (*R) female left metafemur, anterior view; (T, U) male head; (*V, *W) female head. *Since the females of X. fo and X. spurivulgaris are not distinguishable, they could belong to any of these two species.

FIGURE 6. Leg, head and body of Xylota speices. A–E. X. pseudoignava: (A dorsal view, E lateral view) male body; (B) female body; (C) male left metafemur, anterior view; (D) female left metafemur, anterior view; (F dorsal view, G antero-lateral view) male head; (H, I) female head. 6J–N. X. spurivulgaris: (J, L) male body; (K) male left metafemur anterior view; (M, N) male head; see Fig, 4 for presumed female photos. 6O–W. X. tarda: (O, S) male body; (P) female body; (Q) male left metafemur, anterior view; (R) female left metafemur, anterior view; (T, U) male head; (V, W) female head.

FIGURE 10. Male genitalia of Xylota species, A, E, I dorsal view, B, F, J left lateral view, C, G, K right lateral view, D, H, L aedeagus lateral view: (A–D) Xylota fo; (E–H) X. hauseri sp. n.; (I–L) X. ignava. Scale bar: 0.5mm. Enlargement showing apical part of superior lobe (lateral arms of theca).

FIGURE 13. Male genitalia of Xylota species, ventral view with aedeagus removed. (A) Xylota umbrosa; (B) X. amaculata; (C) X. atricoloris; (D) X. hauseri sp. n.; (E) X. abiens; (F) X. orientiflorum sp. n.; (G) X. filipjevi; (H) X. tarda; (I) X. xanthotarsis sp. n.; (J) X. pseudoignava; (K) X. ignava; (L) X. coquilletti; (M) X. spurivulgaris; (N) X. fo. The pictures are arbitrarily arranged based on three morphological groups (A–H; I–K; L–N). Scale bar: 0.5mm.