Lasioseius parberlesei Bhattacharyya

De Moraes, Gilberto J., Abo-Shnaf, Reham I. A., Pérez-Madruga, Yanebis, Sánchez, Leocadia, Karmakar, Krishna & Ho, Chyi-Chen, 2015, The Lasioseius phytoseioides species group (Acari: Blattisociidae): new characterisation, description of a new species, complementary notes on seven described species and a taxonomic key for the group, Zootaxa 3980 (1), pp. 1-41 : 12-20

Lasioseius parberlesei Bhattacharyya

( Figs 23–39 )

Lasioseius parberlesei Bhattacharyya, 1968: 532 .

Gnorimus tabella Chaudhri, 1975: 100 (new synonymy).

Gnorimus tabella .— Chaudhri et al., 1979: 8; Wu & Wang, 1982: 135. Lasioseius parberlesi [sic].— Tseng, 1984: 772.

Lasioseius lindquisti Nasr & Abou-Awad , in Zaher, 1986: 68 (new synonymy). Lasioseius lindquisti .— Nasr & Abou-Awad, 1987a: 28, 1987b: 86; Nasr et al., 2009: 17. Indiraseius extremus Daneshvar, 1987: 33 (new synonymy).

Lasioseius perberlesi [sic].— Tseng, 1989: 22.

Indiraseius extremus . — Ostovan & Kamali, 1994: 12; Kamali et al., 2001: 7.

Lasioseius lindquist [sic].— Fouly, 1997: 2.

Lasioseius parberlesei .— Bhattacharyya et al., 2000: 93.

Lasioseius (Lasioseius) parberlesei .— Christian & Karg, 2006: 120. Lasioseius (Cuspiacus) lindquisti .— Christian & Karg, 2006: 220.

Specimens examined. India —a male from leaf litter, collected by S.K. Bhattacharyya, at Botanical Garden, Ooty, Nilgiri, Tamil Nadu, February 9, 1982; one female and one male from rice plants, collected by K. Karmakar, at Beldanga, Murshidabad, West Bengal, November 3, 2013; two females from rice plants, in association with the rice sheath mite, Steneotarsonemus spinki Smiley , collected by K. Karmakar, at Amdanga, North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, November 28, 2012; two females and one male from cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.), in association with Tetranychus urticae Koch and Bemisia tabaci Gen. , collected by K. Karmakar, at District Seed Farm, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, August 24, 2012. Egypt —one female from palm debris, collected by R.I.A. Abo-Shnaf, at Orman Botanical Garden, Giza governorate, November 13, 2012; two females from grass, collected by A.K. Nasr, at Banha, Qualyubia governorate, March 18, 2008; one male, same substrate and locality, collected by A.K. Nasr, January 27, 2008. Pakistan —one female from grasses, collected by M. Kamran, at Layyah, July 13, 2012. Saudi Arabia —one female from palm debris, collected by M.W. Negm, at Medina, July 29, 2011.

Adult female (specimens measured: Egypt—three, India—five, Pakistan—one, Saudi Arabia—one). Measurements of structures given in Table 2 .

Dorsum of idiosoma ( Fig. 23 ): podonotal region of dorsal shield sparsely reticulate, with 12 pairs of setae (j2– j6, z2, z4, z5, s4, s5, r2, r3), two pairs of distinct lyrifissures and four pairs of pores. Opisthonotal region reticulate, with ten pairs of setae (J2, J4, J5, Z1, Z3–Z5, S3–S5), eight pairs of distinct lyrifissures and three pairs of pores. Setae j4, j5, j6, J2, J4, J5, z5 and r2 short; other setae longer (most at least reaching base of subsequent setae); most dorsal shield setae lightly serrate. Lateral unsclerotised cuticle with four pairs of setae (r5, R1, R2 and R5), short and smooth.

Venter of idiosoma ( Figs 24–25 ): all setae aciculate and smooth, except for JV5, thicker and distally serrate. Laciniae divided for about 72 (66–76)% of their total length. Presternal region transversely striate. Sternal shield fused with anterior portion of endopodal shield, lightly sclerotised, with sparse lateral striae, bearing three pairs of setae (st1–st3) and two pairs of lyrifissures. Metasternal plate rounded to ellipsoidal, bearing the fourth pair of sternal setae (st4) and a pair of lyrifissures (iv4). Genital shield sparsely striate; posterior margin truncate, bearing genital setae (st5); paragenital lyrifissures (iv5) on unsclerotised cuticle, posterolateral to st5. Ventrianal shield subtriangular, reticulate, bearing six pairs of opisthogastric setae (JV1–JV4, ZV2, ZV3) in addition to the circumanal setae, 1–2 pairs of lyrifissures (one or both lyrifissures close to the anterior margin inserted on or off the shield) and a pair of marginal pores posterolateral to para-anal seta; anal opening small. Opisthogastric integument with a continuous sclerotised line between genital and ventrianal shields, and two pairs of elongate metapodal plates, the anterior smaller. Unsclerotised cuticle around ventrianal shield with 3–4 pairs of lyrifissures and seta JV5. Posterior portion of endopodal shield shaped as a tri-radiate plate between coxae III–IV. Exopodal plate distinct from anterior margin of coxa II to posterior margin of coxa IV.

Peritrematic plate and peritreme ( Fig. 26 ): peritrematic plate fused with dorsal shield at level of j2 and broadly fused with exopodal plate beside coxa IV; with a lyrifissure and a pore in region between coxae II–III (ip1, gp2), with two lyrifissures and a pore behind stigma (ip2, ip3, gp2), and with a pore near posterior end [SJ, inguinal solenostome of Athias-Henriot, 1969, gv2 of Lindquist & Moraza, 2009]; peritreme extending forward to region between j2 setae.

Spermatheca ( Fig. 27 ): calyx funnel-shaped, 16–18 long; atrium swollen.

Gnathosoma ( Figs 28–30 ): general shape of chelicera as for the new characterisation of the phytoseioides group; fixed digit bearing 13 (11-14) teeth in addition to apical tooth; hyaline rim bearing 14 teeth; movable digit bearing three teeth in addition to the apical tooth. Anteromedian region of epistome slightly convex and denticulate. Deutosternum with seven transverse lines of denticles; first (distal) to fifth with 4–6 denticles each; sixth and seventh with respectively 14 and 15 denticles.

Legs ( Fig. 31 ): leg pretarsi I–IV each with a pair of claws and pulvillus with three rounded lobules. Leg IV with three macrosetae: on genu (ad2), distally serrate, basitarsus (pd3) and telotarsus (pd2), both smooth. Leg chaetotaxy (genu and tibia): I: 2, 3/2, 3/1, 2; 2, 3/2, 3/1, 2; II: 2, 3/1, 2/1, 2; 2, 2/1, 2/1, 2; III: 2, 2/1, 2/1, 1; 2, 1/1, 2/1, 1; IV: 2, 2/1, 3/0, 1; 2, 1/1, 3/1, 2.

geographic regions.

Character 1 Female Male ......continued on the next page

Character 1 Female Male

Holotype Egypt India Pakistan Saudi Arabia Paratype Egypt India 19 17 (15–18) 15 17 9 15 10, 11 20 (20–21) 19 (18–20) 17 17 13 15 10, 11 22 19 (18–20) 21 20 -2 - - 30 (30–31) 26 (25–28) 31 26 - - -

L 116 145 (136–152) 143 (138–148) 145 130 120 127 110, 115

W 152 170 (162–181) 175 (175–178) 175 168 176 171 160, 175

base tritoster. 14 (13–15) 10 16 15 15 8

laciniae 63 (62–65) 62 (58–65) 66 74 43 60, 65

L 91 (90–92) 84 (80–88) 95 93 - - -

W 85 (82–89) 85 (83–85) 83 86 - - -

L - - - - 135 144 148, 165

at st2 - - - - 66 71 62, 68

L 135 (128–139) 125 (125–133) 138 123 - - -

W at post. corners 78 (78–79) 78 (75–80) 83 86 - - -

– st5 65 (64–66) 62 (60–63) 65 64

Anus length 23 (22–24) 23 (25–27) 23 23 18 18 18

27 (25–29) 19 (18–20) 23 24 18 15, 20 26 19 (18–20) 24 23 16 15, 19 24 23 (20–23) 22 24 14 15, 19 25 (24–25) 23 (20–23) 25 24 Broken 13, 14 23 (22–23) 19 (18–23) 22 22 Broken 13, 15

1 19 (18–20) 20 (18–20) Broken 21 Broken 12, 13

2 20 20 (18–20) Broken 21 Broken 20, 21

3 28 (26–29) 28 (25–28) 29 29 Broken 25, 30

4 31 (26–35) 35 (28–35) 29 28 - -

......continued on the next page: length; W: width; shields: DS—dorsal, GS—genital, SS—sternal, SGS—sternogenital, VAS—ventrianal; NT: number of teeth, FD: fixed cheliceral digit; MD: movable cheliceral digit; 2absent.

Adult male (specimens measured: Egypt—one, India—three).

Measurements of structures given in Table 2 .

Dorsum of idiosoma ( Figs 32–33 ): podonotal and opisthonotal regions of the dorsal shield with reticulation and setation as in adult female; with respectively two and four pairs of lyrifissures and four and six pairs of pores. Relative lengths and shape of setae as in adult female. Unsclerotised lateral cuticle with two pairs of setae (r5 and R1), short and smooth.

Venter of idiosoma ( Figs 34–35 ): shape of setae as in adult female. Laciniae divided for about 70% of their total length. Presternal region transversely striate. Sternogenital shield fused with whole endopodal shield, with sparse lateral striae, bearing five pairs of setae (st1–st5) and three pairs of lyrifissures. Ventrianal shield subtriangular, reticulate, bearing five pairs of opisthogastric setae (JV1–JV3, JV5 and ZV3) in addition to the circum-anal setae and a pair of marginal pores posterolateral to para-anal setae and two pairs of lyrifissures; anal opening small. Unsclerotised cuticle around ventrianal shield without opisthogastric setae. Exopodal plate distinct from anterior margin of coxa II to posterior margin of coxa IV.

Peritrematic plate and peritreme ( Fig. 35 ): peritrematic plate fused with dorsal shield at level of r2 and broadly fused with exopodal plate beside coxa IV; with a broad expansion between coxae II–III that bears a lyrifissure and a pore (ip1, gp2); with two lyrifissures and a pore behind stigma (ip2, ip3, gp2), and with a pore near posterior end [SJ, inguinal solenostome of Athias-Henriot, 1969, gv2 of Lindquist & Moraza, 2009]; peritreme extending forward to region between j2 setae.

Gnathosoma ( Figs 36–38 ): general shape of chelicera as for the new characterisation of the phytoseioides group; fixed digit bearing nine teeth and setiform pilus dentilis in addition to apical tooth; movable digit apparently bearing a single tooth in addition to the apical tooth; spermatodactyl with distal third deflexed. Anteromedian region of epistome as in adult female. Deutosternum with six transverse lines of denticles.

Legs ( Fig. 39 ): legs similar to female. Leg IV with three macrosetae: on genu (ad2), distally serrate, on basitarsus (pd3) and telotarsus (pd2), smooth and aciculate. Leg chaetotaxy as in adult female.

Remarks. Measurements of specimens from different regions were very similar to each other. Lasioseius parberlesei is a common predatory mite in rice fields of the Indian Gangetic plains. Because of the poor condition of the male paratype examined, many details could not be adequately seen. The specimens used for the complementary description of this species were collected near its type locality. The females collected at the type locality have two pairs of metapodal plates, instead of only one pair as originally described.

The female specimens collected in this study fit well the details presented in the original description of the species, which however did not contain details about the shape of the spermatheca or setal measurements. However, the male specimen from Tamil Nadu examined in this study, identified by Bhattacharyya as belonging to this species, is quite distinct from the details shown in the original description. In the illustration of the original description, the male paratype is quite different from the female, by having two pairs of setae, here interpreted as s6 and S2, not present in the female. The male identified by Bhattacharyya examined in this study has dorsal shield of about the same length as the males collected in this study and does not have setae s6 or S2. Thus, it seems that the male depicted in the original description was either of a different species or the illustration provided was not correct. Further evidence in this regard is that according to the original description, the length of the dorsal shield varies between 232 and 240, much less than according to our measurement of the specimen from Tamil Nadu, collected by Bhattacharyya, and to the specimens collected in this study.

The single adult female from Egypt, collected from the same locality as some of the paratypes of L. lindquisti , fits well with the measurements determined for the specimens collected in this work from India. In the original description of L. lindquisti , the authors distinguished it from L. parberlesei by the supposedly stouter and pilose dorsal setae and by the presence of two pairs of metapodal plates in L. lindquisti . Those differences are not supported from the redescription of L. parberlesei in this paper. Differences mentioned in the original description of L. extremus to separate it from L. parberlesei refer to the serration of dorsal shield setae, length of some dorsal shield setae, number of metapodal plates, number of marginal setae and number of dorsal shield pores. The redescription of L. parberlesei in this paper does not support those differences. Although the types of L. lindquisti and L. extremus could not be examined in this study, their respective original descriptions were rather detailed. The general shape of the different structures of L. extremus and L. lindquisti , including the spermatheca, and their respective measurements indicate that they are synonyms of L. parberlesei , which was not adequately known at the time of the description of those two species.

Except for the shape of the spermatheca and of the spermatodactyl, L. parberlesei is very similar to L. chaudhrii , but this was not adequately known until now. Determination of that difference in the present study, by the examination of specimens collected near the type localities of both of those species, and a re-appraisal of the illustration provided by Tseng (1989) for specimens from Taiwan and De Leon-Facundo & Corpuz-Raros (2002) for specimens from the Philippines, suggested that the species identified in those papers as L. parberlesei could actually be L. chaudhrii . A re-examination of part of the specimens examined by De Leon-Facundo & Corpuz- Raros (2002) and Corpuz-Raros et al. (2005) confirmed that suspicion. Re-examination of the specimens reported by Tseng (1989) was not possible, but the fact that all specimens collected in the present work in Taiwan were identified as L. chaudhrii suggests that previous reports of L. parberlesei from that country ( Tseng 1984, 1989) could actually refer to L. chaudhrii . In addition, the reports of L. parberlesei by Chow & Liu (1984) and of L. youcefi by Tseng (1978, 1982) and Lo & Ho (1984) from that same country could also refer to L. chaudhrii , given the great similarity of those species, not adequately known from the literature. The illustration of Tseng (1978) of the specimen identified as L. youcefi show the presence of seta r2 which is absent in this species.

Figures

FIGURES 23 – 31. Lasioseius parberlesei. Female: Specimens from West Bengal, India: 23. Dorsal shield; 24. Tritosternum; 25. Ventral shields; 26. Peritrematic plate; 27. Spermatheca; 28. Chelicera; 29. Epistome; 30. Hypostome; 31. Genu, tibia and tarsus of leg IV.

FIGURES 32 – 39. Lasioseius parberlesei. Male: 32. Paratype dorsal shield. Additional specimens from West Bengal, India: 33. Dorsal shield; 34. Tritosternum; 35. Ventral shields; 36. Spermadactyl; 37. Epistome; 38. Hypostome; 39. Genu, tibia and tarsus of male leg IV.

Tables

TABLE 2. Mean (minimum – maximum) measurements in µm of characters of type specimen and specimens identified as Lasioseius parberlesei Bhattacharyya from four

	Holotype	Egypt	India	Pakistan	Saudi Arabia	Paratype	Egypt	India
DS L DS W	352 180	420 (384–438) 223 (212–233)	400 (375–400) 233 (220–228)	403 223	391 205	300	344 186	290, 300 150
j2 j3 j4		38 (36–39) 39 (39–40) 22 (22–23)	33 (30–35) 35 (33–38) 19 (18–20)	34 39 17	35 38 18	25 28 19	25 31 20	25, 28 28, 30 14, 16
j5 j6 J2 J4 J5		22 (21–24) 28 (27–29) 22 (19–25) 20 (19–21) 17 (15–18)	20 (18–20) 23 (20–25) 16 (15–18) 16 (15–18) 12 (10–13)	22 24 16 14	22 27 18 17 14	16 18	20 21 15 18 11	15, 18 18, 20 11, 13 10, 13 8, 9
z2 z4 z5 Z1 Z3		40 (38–41) 38 (36–40) 31(29–32) 48 (46–50) 57 (55–59)	35 (33–38) 33 (30–35) 28 (28–30) 45 (43–48) 52 (50–55)	37 35 29 45 56	38 36 29 48 57	26 36 49	32 29 23 35 45	30, 32 25, 29 22, 23 34, 38 43, 45
Z4		58 (56–60)	53 (53–55)	56	59		46	44, 45
Z5 s4		72 (70–73) 42 (40–45)	66 (63–70) 37 (35–38)	71 41	73 43	35	55 32	52, 54 24, 30
s5 S3		48 (47–50) 46 (43–51)	47 (45–48) 40 (38–43)	47 42	51 40	36	37 27	36, 38 22, 23
S4		48 (45–52)	41 (40–43)	44	44		28	23, 25
S5 r2 r3		56 (54–58) 23 (22–24) 49 (47–50)	50 (48–53) 20 (18–23) 47 (45–48)	55 19 47	52 19 47	28	31 20 41	30, 31 12, 13 35, 39