Tenebrionidae, Latreille, 1802

Thamnophilus caerulescens Vieillot, 1816

[ BRAZIL] ( Couri 1999: 52 + fig. 55); ( Teixeira 1999).

Note: the name “ Myrmotherula erythronotos “ is nonexistent ( Remsen et al. 2008), probably a mispelling of Myrmotherula erythrura Sclater, 1890 [ Colombia; Ecuador; Peru; Brazil], but it may be also Formicivora erythronotos Hartlaub, 1852 .

Thamnophilus murinus Sclater & Salvin, 1868

BRAZIL: Paraná: Curitiba, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Campus Jardim Botânico , between III-2006 and II-2007, 1 infested from a total of 23 found nests ( Jesus et al. 2007) .

Philornis diminuta Couri, 1984 View in CoL

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Ducke, 27-XI-1973, Oniki leg., 1 female Paratype ( Couri 1984); ( Couri 1985, specimen label); ( Teixeira 1999).

Philornis glaucinis Dodge & Aitken, 1968 View in CoL

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Ducke, 27-XI-1973, Oniki leg., 1 female ( Couri 1984); ( Couri 1985, specimen label); ( Teixeira 1999).

Philornis mediana Couri, 1984 View in CoL

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Ducke, 27-XI-1973, Oniki leg., 1 male Holotype, 5 males Paratypes, 5 females Paratypes ( Couri 1984); ( Couri 1985, specimen label); ( Teixeira 1999).

Philornis trinitensis Dodge & Aitken, 1968 View in CoL

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Ducke, 27-XI-1973, Oniki leg., 1 male ( Couri 1984); ( Couri 1985, specimen label); ( Teixeira 1999).

Thamnophilus palliatus (Lichstenstein, 1823)

Philornis glaucinis Dodge & Aitken, 1968 View in CoL

[ BRAZIL] ( Couri 1999: 52 + fig. 56); ( Dudaniec & Kleindorfer 2006, following Mendonça & Couri 1999).

THRAUPIDAE

Habia rubica rubica (Vieillot, 1817)

Ramphocelus carbo (Pallas, 1764)

PARAGUAY: Departamento Itapua: 19.5 km NNE Encarnación, Hotel E 1 Tirol (ca. 27º 11’ S, 55º 47’ W), one nest with three eggs discovered 19-IX-1982 [eggs hatched between 10:10 on 21-IX and 08:34 on 22-IX]; nestling # 1 with botfly larvae under skin on abdomen and chin, two open sores on one wing at day 3; one botfly emerged from nestling # 1, no evidence of infection at day 7; second botfly larva of nestling # 1 gone, no infection at day 8 ( Foster 1989) GoogleMaps .

Philornis diminuta Couri, 1984 View in CoL

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Ducke, 12-II-1974, Oniki leg., 1 male Holotype ( Couri 1984); ( Couri 1985, specimen label); ( Teixeira 1999).

Philornis glaucinis Dodge & Aitken, 1968 View in CoL

TRINIDAD: half-mile post, Vega de Oropouche Road, Sangre Grande, 4-II-1958, Downs leg., 11 males Paratypes, 12 females Paratypes, ex nest; Maingot Estate, Vega de Oropouche, 22-IV-1959, Aitken leg., 1 female Paratype, ex nest ( Dodge & Aitken 1968); ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Ducke, 12-II-1974, Oniki leg., 1 female ( Couri 1984); ( Couri 1985, specimen label); ( Teixeira 1999).

Schistochlamys melanopis (Latham, 1790)

Philornis trinitensis Dodge & Aitken, 1968 View in CoL

BRAZIL: Pará: Belem, Ipean, 6-VI-1972, Oniki leg., 3 females ( Couri 1984); ( Couri 1985, specimen label); ( Teixeira 1999).

Tachyphonus rufus (Boddaert, 1783)

Thraupis episcopus (Linnaeus, 1766)

TRINIDAD: Corneillac State, Vega de Oropouche, 22-VII-1958, Aitken leg., 1 female Paratype, ex nest ( Dodge & Aitken 1968); ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).

= Thraupis virens: Vogelsang & Fernandez Yépes 1952 View in CoL ; Dodge & Aitken 1968; Schafer 1957; Hicks 1962.

DIPTERA : Muscidae View in CoL

Philornis trinitensis Dodge & Aitken, 1968 View in CoL

TRINIDAD: Melajo Forest, Sangre Grande, 17-VII-1956, Downs leg., 2 males ex T. virens ( Dodge & Aitken 1968) ; ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).

VENEZUELA ( Vogelsang & Fernandez Yépes 1952; Schafer 1957; Couri 1983a); ( Hicks 1962); ( Teixeira 1999).

TRINIDAD: Vega de Oropouche, 23-VII-1957, Downs leg., 1 female Paratype, ex T. virens ( Dodge & Aitken 1968) ; ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).

Thraupis palmarum (Wied, 1823)

Thraupis sayaca (Linnaeus, 1766)

[ TRINIDAD]: locality and data not given ( Dodge & Aitken 1968); ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).

BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: município de Seropédica, Baixada Fluminense, August to October 2006, 42 larvae in 6 nestlings of 2 nests, initially observed 3 days after hatching; 32 adults emerged; 4 nestlings die ( Luz et al. 2008) .

Cercibis oxycerca (Spix, 1825)

BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Campus da Universidade Federal Rural , larvae initially observed in nestlings of 6 days' age, higher infestation (35 larvae) at 15 days' age; 20 larvae extracted from nestlings (16 adults obtained); 10 pupae extracted from the abandoned nest (7 adults emerged); none of the nestlings died (Luz, et al. 2006a) .

THRESKIORNITHIDAE

Reduviidae : Triatominae

Theristicus caudatus caudatus (Boddaert, 1783)

VENEZUELA: [locality not stated], in nest, 12 th position in a ranking of “preferred enviroment by R. prolixus according with the places where it was captured” ( Guerrero et al. 1965); Estado Monagas: Caripe, nests were positive for R. prolixus (Gamboa C. 1970) ; ( Carcavallo & Tonn 1985); ( Carcavallo et al. 1998b).

Note: Gamboa C. (1963) is cited among the references by Carcavallo & Tonn (1985) and Carcavallo et al. (1998b), but Cercibis oxycerca is only mentioned by Gamboa C. (1970).

Reduviidae : Triatominae

Chlorestes notata (Reich, 1793)

VENEZUELA: [locality not stated], in nest, 20 th position in a ranking of “preferred enviroment by R. prolixus according with the places where it was captured” ( Guerrero et al. 1965); nests were positive for R. prolixus (Gamboa C. 1970, following Guerrero et al. 1965); ( Carcavallo & Tonn 1985); ( Carcavallo et al. 1998b).

Note: Gamboa C. (1963) is cited among the references by Carcavallo & Tonn (1985) and Carcavallo et al. (1998b), but Theristicus caudatus is only mentioned by Gamboa C. (1970).

TROCHILIDAE

DIPTERA : [ Muscidae ]

[ Philornis sp. ]

BRAZIL: Pará: Belem, “ninhos ... ... séjam comumente parasitados, sendo observado ... um dos filhotes com una larva de mosca” ( Carvalho 1958).

“ Chlorostilbon aureoventris ”

Note: According to the Comitê Brasileiro de Registros Ornitológicos (2007), only two species of Chlorostilbon inhabit Brazil, C. mellisugus (Linnaeus, 1758) and C. lucidus (Shaw, 1812) . No other trochilid bird from the Brazilian fauna has aureoventris as specific name.

Chlorostilbon mellisugus (Linnaeus, 1758)

[ BRAZIL]: 17 adult flies emerge from pupae in the botton of a nest with two chicks, one of them died at 5 days old ( Sick 1981, 2001).

Eupetomena macroura (Gmelin, 1788)

VENEZUELA: Estado Miranda: Los Anaucos [30 km south of Caracas], larva of a species of Muscidae as a dark lump on the chick's neck, eventually four other subcutaneous larvae were found in the nestling's dorsal surface ( Thomas 1994).

Glaucis hirsutus (Gmelin, 1788)

BRAZIL: São Paulo: Rio Claro, campus of the Universidade Estadual Paulista (22 o 23' S, 47 o 33' W), 8 larvae extracted from one nestling, later other larvae removed for a total of 58; total mass of larvae over 6.9 grs ( Oniki & Willis 2000) GoogleMaps .

Philornis glaucinis Dodge & Aitken, 1968 View in CoL

TRINIDAD: Saint Patrick´s Estate, Arima Valley, 5-V-1959, Aitken leg., 1 male Holotype with pinned puparium, # 66449 [ USNM], 1 female Allotype with pinned puparium, ex nest, 27-V-1963, Aitken leg., 8 males Paratypes, 4 females Paratypes, ex nest and nestlings ( Dodge & Aitken 1968; Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).

Philornis niger Dodge & Aitken, 1968 View in CoL

TRINIDAD: Saint Patrick´s Estate, Arima Valley, 5-V-1959, Aitken leg., 1 male Holotype with pinned puparium, # 66450 [ USNM], ex nest ( Dodge & Aitken 1968; Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).

Phaethornis ruber (Linnaeus, 1758)

= bird’s nests: Pinto et al. 2002: 89-90 [refs.]

= “ninhos de pássaros”: Pinto et al. 2001: 49.

HYMENOPTERA

Chalcididae

Brachymeria sp.

BRAZIL: Pará: near Belém , [locality not specified], 1 ex. emerged 7-VII-[1969?] from one mud cell under the lining in the lower section of one nest ( Oniki 1970a) .

Sphecidae

Pison cressoni Rohwer, 1911

= “espécies do gênero”: Pinto et al. 2001: 49.

= Pison sp. : Oniki 1970a, 1970b; Sick 1981, 2001.

BRAZIL: Pará: near Belém, [Instituto de Pesquisas e Experimentação Agropecuárias do Norte], Mocambo [Forest] Reserve, [X-1966], mud cells under the lining in the lower section of one nest, APEG [Area de Pesquisas Eco1ógicas do Guamá] Reserve, in 8 of 13 nests; minimum 1 cell per nest, maximum 13 cells in one nest; 11 cells removed from one nest, from which 5 were preserved, and 5 wasps emerged [ USNM; YOSP] ( Oniki 1970a [ Oniki 1970b]); Belém, 1 to 13 nests of this wasp (rearing the larvae with spiders) in the base of 8 from a total of 13 examined nests ( Sick 1981, 2001); ( Menke 1988, following Oniki 1970a); “ninhos de pássaros ... podem, igualmente abrigar as células de barro de espécies do gênero” ( Pinto et al. 2001); mud cell nest on bird’s nests ( Pinto et al. 2002).

Thalurania glaucopis (Gmelin, 1788)

= Thalurania sp. : Couri 1983a: 306 [distr.; host]; Couri 1985: 19, table [host]; Teixeira 1999: 84 [host].

DIPTERA : Muscidae View in CoL

Philornis insularis Couri, 1983b View in CoL

[ BRAZIL]: Rio de Janeiro: Ilha Grande, 1 male holotype, 15 males paratypes, 12 females paratypes [ MNRJ], 9-IX-1944, Sick leg. ( Couri 1983b); ( Couri 1985); ( Teixeira 1999); 64 adults collected from one nest and 16 larvae collected direct from the nestlings ( Sick 2001; Couri et al. 2006); Rio de Janeiro, Botanical Garden, I- 2004, 22 puparia in one nest ( Couri et al. 2006, probably P. insularis ).

Note: Couri et al. (2006) gave the same data as Sick (2001) following Sick (1977). P. insularis was described in 1983, thus absent in the edition of 1981 and later added to the edition of 2001.

HYMENOPTERA : Chalcididae

Spilochalcis annulifera (Walker, 1864)

= Conura annulifera (Walker) : Couri et al. 2006.

BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, Botanical Garden, 11 wasps parasiting puparia of Philornis sp. emerged from one nest ( Couri et al. 2006).

TROGLODYTIDAE

Campylorhynchus zonatus nuchalis Cabanis, 1847

Reduviidae : Triatominae

Thryothorus nigricapillus Sclater, 1861

= Psammolestes salazari Aldana et al. 1996 View in CoL : Lent 1997 [syn.].

VENEZUELA: San Carlos de Cojedes (9º 40’ N, 68º 35’ W), eggs and nymphs in the nests ( Aldana et al. 1997) GoogleMaps .

/ Thryothorus leucotis Lafresnaye, 1845

COLEOPTERA

Scarabaeidae : Cetoniinae

Genuchinus muzo Krikken, 1981

PANAMA: Gamboa, 18-VII-1984, B. Eberhard leg., two grey 4 cm long larvae in the nest lining, feeding on the plant material of the nest lining itself; spherical, black fecal pellets plentiful inside the nest; 26-VII-1984, one larvae constructed a spherical cocoon of nest material, adult emerged 24-VIII-1984; 3-VIII-1984 second larvae constructed the cocoon, adult emerged 28-VIII-1984; adult beetles identified by J. Krikken ( Aiello 1987; Howden 2008, following Aiello 1987).

Note: Larvae and cocoons of Anthracophora rusticola Burmeister, 1842 [ Scarabaeidae : Cetoniinae] were found in all of 12 Chinese Goshawk [ Accipiter soloensis (Horsfield, 1821, Accipitridae ] nests in Korea (eight nests in Gyeonggi Province, two in Daejeon, one in Seoul, and one in Chungnam Province) ( Choi et al. 2008). Previous reports of larvae were made “in several nests of the Oriental Honey-Buzzard ( Pernis ptilorhynchus ) and Mountain Hawk-Eagle ( Spizaetus nipalensis ) in Japan (Makihara et al. 2004, Coleopt. News 148:21–23; Sato et al. 2006, Jpn. J. Entomol. (N.S.) 9: 46-49)” ( Choi et al. 2008). See also Note added in proof.

Thryothorus rutilus Vieillot, 1819

Reduviidae : Triatominae

[ VENEZUELA] (Gamboa C. 1970).

Troglodytes aedon Vieillot, 1809

[ VENEZUELA]: in rare times in these nests (Gamboa C. 1970); ( Carcavallo & Tonn 1985); ( Carcavallo et al. 1998b); ( Ribeiro Júnior et al. 2006: p. 327, tabela 1).

Note: Gamboa C. (1963) is cited among the references by Carcavallo & Tonn (1985) and Carcavallo et al. (1998b), but T. rutilus is only mentioned by Gamboa C. (1970).

Reduviidae : Triatominae

( Carcavallo et al. 1998a, 1998b); ( Ribeiro Júnior et al. 2006, as Troglodytes sp. ).

Note: original citation not found.

Philornis carinatus Dodge, 1968

BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Rio de Janeiro, 10 larvae on a single chick ( Sick 1981, 2001).

COSTA RICA: Puntarenas Province: Monteverde, up to 17 larvae per nestling, 18 infested of 214 possible nests in a period of three years, 3.3 % in 1989 (n = 61 nests), 7.8 % in 1990 (n = 77 nests), 13.2 % in 1991 (n = 76) nests, 92 % fledging success in infested nests and 95 % in uninfested nests; San Luis, 3 km SW Monteverde, 800 m, up to 22 larvae per nestling, 15 infested of 49 nests, 30.6 % of infested nests in 1990-1991, 81 % of fledging success (n = 13) in infested nests and 95 % in uninfested nests; San Carlos Province: La Lucha de la Tigra, 244 km ENE Monteverde, 200 m, 9 infested of 33 possible nests, 27.3 % of infested nests in 1990-1991, 100 % of fledging success in infested nests ( Young 1993); ( Dudaniec & Kleindorfer 2006, following Young 1993); ( Teixeira 1999).

Troglodytes musculus Naumann, 1823

PANAMA: [locality not stated] ( Young 1993, following Freed, L. pers. com.).

COLOMBIA: [locality not stated] ( Young 1993, following Kattan, G. pers. com.).

= Troglodytes aedon: Teixeira 1999 View in CoL .

= Troglodytes musculosus [sic]: Carcavallo et al. 1998a, 1998b.

Note: There is no agreement about the taxonomic status of Troglodytes species. Although some authors treat the South American forms as Troglodytes aedon musculus View in CoL or Troglodytes musculus , other authors call both North and South American forms as Troglodytes aedon View in CoL .

Reduviidae : Triatominae

( Carcavallo et al. 1998a, 1998b).

Note: original citation not found.

VENEZUELA: [locality not stated], in nest, 21 th position in a ranking of “preferred enviroment by R. prolixus according with the places where it was captured” ( Guerrero et al. 1965).

Philornis trinitensis Dodge & Aitken, 1968 View in CoL

[ TRINIDAD]: locality and data not given ( Dodge & Aitken 1968); ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).

TRINIDAD: Vega de Oropouche, 19-IX-1956, Downs leg., 6 males Paratypes, 4 females Paratypes, subcutaneous larvae and ex nest T. musculus and Molothrus bonariensis , 10-I-1957, Aitken & Downs leg., 1 male Holotype, with pinned puparium, # 65044 [ USNM], 1 female Allotype with pinned puparium, 24 males Paratypes, 24 females Paratypes, ex nest, 1-VII-1958, Aitken & Downs leg., 9 males Paratypes, 7 females Paratypes, ex T. musculus , 4-IV-1959, Aitken leg., 5 males Paratypes, 6 females Paratypes, ex T. musculus , 7-IV- 1959, Aitken leg., 3 males Paratypes, 3 females Paratypes, ex T. musculus , 25-VIII-1959, Aitken leg., 3 females Paratypes, ex nest; St. Patrick’s Estate, Arima Valley, 7-VII-1959, Aitken leg., 1 male Paratype, 2 females Paratypes, ex T. musculus ; Coal Mine, Cunapo Southern Road, 15-IX-1959, 1 male Paratype, 1 female Paratype, ex T. musculus ( Dodge & Aitken 1968) ; ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).

TROGONIDAE

Trogon citreolus Gould, 1835

ORTHOPTERA : Tettigonidae

[Unidentified sp.]

MEXICO: Jalisco: Estación de Biología Chamela , in abandoned trogon nests which remained open and were built only in active termite nests of Nasutitermes nigriceps ( Valdivia-Hoeflich et al. 2005) .

HYMENOPTERA

Apidae

[Unidentified sp.]

MEXICO: Jalisco: Estación de Biología Chamela , in 8 (33 %) of the 24 examined abandoned trogon nests which remain open and were built only in active termite nests of Nasutitermes nigriceps ( Valdivia-Hoeflich et al. 2005) .

Sphecidae

[Unidentified sp.]

MEXICO: Jalisco: Estación de Biología Chamela , in 2 (8 %) of the 24 examined abandoned trogon nests which remain open and were built only in active termite nests of Nasutitermes nigriceps ( Valdivia-Hoeflich et al. 2005) .

Note: Also a tailless whip scorpions ( Arachnida: Amblypygi) was found in a trogon nest ( Valdivia-Hoeflich et al. 2005). This bird inhabits the Tropical Deciduous Forest, Gallery Forest, Secondary Forest (0-1000 m; Tropical and lower Subtropical zones) (American Ornithologists’ Union 1998).

TURDIDAE

Turdus amaurochalinus Cabanis, 1851

= Turdus amanrochalthus [sic!]: Couri 1986 [hosts; distr.].

Philornis gagnei Couri, 1983

URUGUAY: [locality not stated], larvae removed from nestlings of Molothrus bonariernsis inside a nest, P. Mason leg. ( Couri 1986).

Turdus fumigatus Lichtenstein, 1823

Philornis trinitensis Dodge & Aitken, 1968 View in CoL

[ TRINIDAD]: locality and data not given ( Dodge & Aitken 1968); ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).

TRINIDAD: Vega de Oropouche, 6-V-1958, Aitken leg., 1 female Paratype, ex T. fumigatus ( Dodge & Aitken 1968; Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).

Turdus nudigenis Lafresnaye, 1848

TRINIDAD: Riley Settlement, Fishing Pond, 10-IX-1957, Aitken leg., 2 males Paratypes, 2 females Paratypes; Corneillac State, Vega de Oropouche, 14-VII-1958, Aitken leg., 1 male Paratype, ex nest ( Dodge & Aitken 1968); ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).

Turdus sp.

= “sabiá ( Turdus sp. )”: Lent 1935 [following Gomes 1916]; Barretto & Carvalheiro 1968b [following Gomes 1917].

= Birds’ nests: Neiva & Lent 1936; Costa Lima 1940 [following Pinto 1930]; Hicks 1959 [following Pinto 1930 and Neiva & Lent 1936].

= “passaros”: Hicks 1959 [following Costa Lima 1940].

= Turdus sp. : Hicks 1959 [following Gomes 1916 and Lent 1935].

= “sabia”: Correa et al. 1963 [following Gomez 1916].

Reduviidae : Triatominae

Triatoma sordida [ sordida ] (Stål, 1859)

BRAZIL: São Paulo: Municipio de Rifaina, Nicolau Miranda leg., 1 adult in one nest ( Lent 1935; Barretto & Carvalheiro 1968b); ( Neiva & Lent 1936); ( Costa Lima 1940); ( Hicks 1959); ( Correa et al. 1963).

Note: Pinto (1930) was omitted among the references given by Costa Lima (1940) for Reduviidae as well as those of “Florêncio Gomes”. When dealing in general with species of Triatominae that feed on birds, Neiva & Lent (1936: 157) record T. sordida as living in birds’ nests. The bird’s nest mentioned by Neiva and Lent (1936) for T. sordida belongs to the “sabiá, Turdus sp. ” seeing that Lent knew of the record on Turdus sp. by Gomes (1916). At that time (1936), the record of Gomes (1916) was the first and the only known of T. sordida in a bird’s nest. Thus Hicks (1959) records the same association five times: Pinto (1930) [birds’ nests], Gomes (1916) [“sabiá ( Turdus sp. )”], Costa Lima (1940) [birds´nests], Lent (1935) [ Turdus sp. ], and Neiva & Lent (1936) [birds’ nests].

Unidentified spp.

= “varios Turdidae ”: Neiva & Penna 1916.

Philornis pici ( Macquart, 1854) View in CoL

BRAZIL: Brazil central [locality not stated] ( Neiva & Penna 1916).

TYRANNIDAE

Lathrotriccus euleri (Cabanis 1968)

Legatus leucophaios (Vieillot, 1818)

[ BRAZIL] ( Aguilar et al. 1999, cited by Luz et al. 2008).

TRINIDAD: Fort Read , 1-V-1957, Aitken leg., 4 males Paratypes, 5 females Paratypes, ex L. leucophaios , 29- IV-1958, Aitken & Downs leg., 1 male Paratypes, 2 females Paratypes, ex L. leucophaios ( Dodge & Aitken 1968) .

Mionectes macconnelli (Chubb, 1919)

[ TRINIDAD]: locality and data not given ( Dodge & Aitken 1968); ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).

= Pipromorpha macconneli: Couri 1984, 1985; Teixeira 1999.

Philornis glaucinis Dodge & Aitken, 1968 View in CoL

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Ducke, 1-III-1974, Oniki leg., 1 female ( Couri 1984); ( Couri 1985, specimen label); ( Teixeira 1999).

Myiarchus sp.

Philornis carinatus Dodge, 1968

BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: São Cristovão, 20-XI-1987, M. Monné leg., 14 larvae in one nestling [7 larvae fixed, 1 larva lost, 3 puparium, 3 adults] [ MNRJ] ( Couri 1991); ( Young 1993, following Couri 1991); ( Teixeira 1999).

Myiarchus tyrannulus [ tyrannulus (Müller, 1776) ]

Philornis gagnei Couri, 1983b View in CoL

TRINIDAD: Mono Island, 1 male Holotype, 6 males Paratypes, 7 females Paratypes, R.M. Funch leg. [Holotype, 10 Paratypes, SI; 5 paratypes, MNRJ] ( Couri 1983b); ( Couri 1985, specimen label); ( Couri 1991); ( Teixeira 1999).

Myiozetetes cayanensis (Linnaeus, 1766)

Philornis diminuta Couri, 1984 View in CoL

BRAZIL: Pará: Belem, Ipean, 21-I-1972, Oniki leg., 1 male ( Couri 1984); ( Couri 1985, specimen label); ( Teixeira 1999).

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Ducke , 3-XI-1973, Oniki leg., 1 female Paratype ( Couri 1984) ;

( Couri 1985, specimen label); ( Teixeira 1999).

Philornis frontalis Couri, 1984 View in CoL

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Ducke, 3-XI-1973, Oniki leg., 1 male Holotype, 3 females Paratypes ( Couri 1984); ( Couri 1985, specimen label); ( Teixeira 1999).

Philornis vulgaris Couri, 1984 View in CoL

= “larvas de moscas ( Diptera : Muscidae )”: Carvalho 1960: 130.

PANAMA: Barro Colorado Island, III/ IV-1998 & III/ V-1999, all nestlings infected with 2–7 dipteran maggots (c. 10 mm) under skin on the head, on back, and at the bases of wings in one of 22 nests ( Dyrcz 2002).

BRAZIL: Pará: Belem, two infested nestlings in one nest ( Carvalho 1960).

BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manaus, Reserva Ducke, 2-XI-1973, Oniki leg., 1 male Holotype, 1 female Paratype ( Couri 1984); ( Couri 1985, specimen label); ( Teixeira 1999).

Note: Couri (1984) also recorded 1 female Paratype with same data except 3-XI-1973, but without host indication. Sick (2001) mentioned that “ Myiozetetes [ cayanensis ] e Pitangus [ sulphuratus ] são muito infestados pelas larvas umbrófilas de moscas, que depois se recolhem no fundo do grande ninho para se transformarem em pupas”. Undoubtedly, he is talking about Philornis , probably taken the data from Couri (1984) for M. cayanensis and Couri (1985) for P. sulphuratus , not cited by Sick (2001) in the text or among the references.

Myiozetetes similis (Spix, 1825)

[ DIPTERA : Muscidae

Philornis sp. ]

PANAMA: Barro Colorado Island, III/ IV-1998 & III/ V-1999, all nestlings infected with 2–7 dipteran maggots (c. 10 mm) under skin on the head, on back, and at the bases of wings in four of 89 active nests ( Dyrcz 2002).

Pyrocephalus rubinus (Boddaert, 1783)

ECUADOR: Galapagos Islands: Santa Cruz, 1 nest parasitized of 1 examined nest ( Fessl & Tebbich 2002).

Pitangus sulphuratus [trinitatis Hellmayr, 1906]

TRINIDAD: Vega de Oropouche, 31-VII-1959, Aitken leg., 6 males, 3 females, ex P. sulphuratus ( Dodge & Aitken 1968) ; ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).

TRINIDAD: Vega de Oropouche, 13-III-1957, Aitken & Downs leg., 5 males Paratypes, 2 females Paratypes, ex P. sulphuratus ; Fort Read, 14-V-1957, Aitken & Downs leg., 1 female Paratype, ex P. sulphuratus ( Dodge & Aitken 1968) ; ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).

Philornis sanguinis Dodge & Aitken, 1968 View in CoL

TRINIDAD: Cunaripo R.C. School, 7-III-1957, Aitken & Downs leg., 1 male Holotype with pinned puparium, # 65042 [ USNM], 1 female Allotype with pinned puparium, 8 males Paratypes, 14 females Paratypes reared ex nest; Cumuto Road, Fort Read, 3-V-1958, Aitken & Downs leg., 1 female Paratype, ex nest ( Dodge & Aitken 1968); Cunaripo, R.S. School, 7-III-1957, Aitken & Downs leg., 1 male paratype, 1 female paratype [ FIOC] ( Couri 1989).

TRINIDAD: St. John Estate, Vega de Oropouche, 24-V-1958, Aitken & Downs leg., 2 males Paratypes, ex nest ( Dodge & Aitken 1968; Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).

Philornis trinitensis Dodge & Aitken, 1968 View in CoL

TRINIDAD: St. John Estate, Vega de Oropouche, 24-VI-1958, Aitken & Downs leg., 2 females ex P. sulphuratus ( Dodge & Aitken 1968) ; ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).

Pitangus sulphuratus [sensu lato]

= Pitangus: Sick 2001 View in CoL .

DIPTERA : Muscidae View in CoL

Philornis bella Couri, 1984 View in CoL

VENEZUELA ( Vogelsang & Fernandez Yépes 1952; Schafer 1957; Couri 1983a); ( Hicks 1962); ( Teixeira 1999).

BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Niterói, Santa Rosa , 21 larvae from 3 infested nestlings, 11 adults emerged [ FIOC] ( Possati et al. 2001) .

Note: adults were identified by Possati et al. (2001) “utilizando-se para tal a referência de Papavero & Guimarães (1999) e Couri (1984) ”. “Papavero & Guimarães (1999)” is in reality Guimarães & Papavero (1999), correctly cited in the references but not in the text.

= “larvas de moscas ( Diptera : Muscidae )”: Carvalho 1960: 130.

BRAZIL [Pará: Belem?] ( Carvalho 1960); [ BRAZIL]: 32 and 41 larvae in two nestlings respectively ( Couri 1985, following Oniki pers. com.); ( Sick 2001); 30 to 41 larvae per nestling of 4 infested from a total of 4 observed nestlings ( Dudaniec & Kleindorfer 2006, following Oniki 1983); 32 larvae in one nestling ( Luz et al. 2008, following Couri 1985).

Note: see the comment below Myiozetetes cayanensis .

Pitangus sulphuratus [argentinus Todd, 1952]

= Phaonia sp. : Cassamagnaghi h. 1946 [hosts]: fide Albuquerque 1958:36; Carvalho et al. 2005: 60. URUGUAY: “chicks frequently invaded by worms” [translated from Spanish] (Cassamagnaghi h. 1946).

Sublegatus modestus View in CoL [brevirostris? (D’Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837)]

Suiriri suiriri (Vieillot, 1818)

[ BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Planaltina]: Estação Ecológica Águas Emendadas ( Higgins et al. 2004).

= Suiriri affinis (Burmeister, 1835) : Fernandes Higgins et al. 2005.

= Philornis sp : Higgins et al. 2004 [distr.; hosts].

BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Planaltina, Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas ( Higgins et al. 2004), puparia in all nests of 8 collected [ DZUB], infesting the chicks simultaneously with Philornis deceptivus ( Fernandes Higgins et al. 2005) .

Suiriri islerorum Zimmer, Whittaker & Oren, 2001

= Philornis sp : Higgins et al. 2004 [distr.; hosts].

BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Planaltina, Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas ( Higgins et al. 2004), puparia in all nests of 8 collectetd [ DZUB], infesting the chicks simultaneously with Philornis angustifrons ( Fernandes Higgins et al. 2005) .

= Philornis sp : Higgins et al. 2004 [distr.; hosts].

BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Planaltina, Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas ( Higgins et al. 2004), puparia in all nests of 2 collectetd [ DZUB], infesting the chicks simultaneously with Philornis deceptivus ( Fernandes Higgins et al. 2005) .

= Philornis sp : Higgins et al. 2004 [distr.; hosts].

BRAZIL: Distrito Federal: Planaltina, Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas ( Higgins et al. 2004), puparia in all nests of 2 collected [ DZUB], infesting the chicks simultaneously with Philornis angustifrons ( Fernandes Higgins et al. 2005) .

Tolmomyias flaviventris (Wied, 1831)

BRAZIL: [Distrito Federal]: Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas, 22 % of 20 nests parasitized ( Esteves Lopes & Marini 2005).

HYMENOPTERA : Sphecidae

Pison sp.

BRAZIL: Pará: Belém, nests of this wasp also found in a nest of this bird ( Sick 2001).

Note: this record is absent in the previous edition of Sick (1981).

Tolmomyias sulphurescens (Spix, 1825)

BLATTARIA

[Unidentified sp.]

BRASIL: São Paulo: Arujá, 46º 18’ W, 23º 19’ S, 1-VII-2001, “uma pequena barata-do mato (blatídeo)” inside the breeding chamber (of a nest 5 m high from the ground), together with a pair of Asarcus ingenuus (Mello- Leitão, 1940) [ Opiliones : Gonyleptidae ] ( Gussoni 2003).

Tyrannus dominicencis dominicensis (Gmelin, 1788)

BLATTARIA : Blattellidae

Aglaopteryx facies (Walker, 1868)

= Aglaopteryx diaphana [non Fabricius, 1793]: Danforth 1926: 97; Wolcott 1936: 25-26.

= Aglaopteryx devia (Rehn, 1932) View in CoL : Wolcott 1941: 39 [according to Gurney 1937].

= Aglaopteryx facies (Walker) : Roth & Willis 1960: 7 “[ Aglaopteyx devia Rehn ; Aglaopteyx diaphana (Fabricius) , “in records from Puerto Rico only; Rehn (1932b); Gurney (1937)]”.

= Euthlastoblatta facies (Walker) View in CoL (= Aglaopteryx facies (Walker)) : Roth 1973: 1 [distr.; host].

PUERTO RICO: [locality not stated], abundant in the nest of Grey Kingbird ( Wolcott 1936, following Danforth 1926); Cartagena Lagoon, “in the nests of the grey kingbird” “living among the twigs” ( Roth & Willis 1960, following Wolcott 1948); Puerto Rico, large numbers among twigs in the nests ( Roth 1973, following Danforth in Wolcott 1950 [= Wolcott 1948]).

Tyrannus melancholicus [ melancholicus Vieillot, 1819 ]

Philornis masoni Couri, 1986 View in CoL

TRINIDAD: Sangre Grande, 9-IV-1958, Aitken leg., 1 female Paratype, ex nest ( Dodge & Aitken 1968); ( Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).

URUGUAY: Colonia: Route 12, Km 194, XI-1983 / I-1984, P. Mason leg., 1 male paratype ( Couri 1986); ( Nihei & Bencke 2003).

Philornis trinitensis Dodge & Aitken, 1968 View in CoL

MEXICO: Jalisco: Barranca de Oblatos , one female infested with three larvae ( Selander & Giller 1959) .

BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Campus da Universidade Federal Rural , 29 larvae in one nestling 12 days old, 13 pupae extracted from the nest after it was abandoned ( Luz et al. 2006b)

TRINIDAD: Melajo Forest, Sangre Grande, 6-VII-1956, Downs leg., 14 males Paratypes, 9 females Paratypes, ex T. melancholicus ( Dodge & Aitken 1968; Couri 1983a); ( Teixeira 1999).

Xolmis cinerea (Vieillot, 1816)