Monohelea, Kieffer, 1917

Borkent, Art, 2024, The Phylogeny of the Genera of Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of the World, Zootaxa 5438 (1), pp. 1-274 : 229

Monohelea :

- Wing with characteristic pattern of pigmentation, 2 dark pigmentation patches in cell br (these merging posteriorly in some) and 2 in cell r 3 (forming more or less single line of four patches), also with at least patch in second radial cell and somewhat S-shaped patch near apex of vein M 2. This complex pattern of wing pigmentation is unique in the family. The feature is present in nearly all species but not, for example, in M. fairchildi Lane & Wirth which have banded wings, as in Downeshelea , but the male has a ventral plate with a distinctive posteromedial loop, a synapomorphy of Monohelea + Heterohelea (see character 128). Some southern hemisphere Monohelea also have a plain wing or other wing patterns than described here (e.g. Clastrier 1985b, 1993b) although there is a question as to whether some of these actually belong in the genus. Some I consider to be reversals but further research on the phylogeny of the species of Monohelea is needed.